Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00008.x
S. Balan, Punithaamalar Manokaram, Norshafarina Shari, Mahathir bin Mohd Uzid, H. Bahari, M. Ramli, A. Abidin, M. Rahmadi, Arapoc Daryl Jesus
This research aimed to compare the toxicity effect of non-irradiated and irradiated Labisia pumila at a different dosage of 3, 6, 9 and 12 kilogray (kGy). Different irradiated dosages of L.pumila were prepared using Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation and the acute toxicity were assessed through zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. The survival rate, hatching rate, heartbeat rate and scoliosis were observed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 windows. The lethal dose (LC50) value was calculated. The LC50 value of non-irradiated extract L. pumila is 125 μg/ml compared to irradiated extract is 62.5 μg/ml respectively. Hatchability of zebrafish of L.pumila extract reduce in the higher concentration for non-irradiated sample at 250 μg/ml and for irradiated sample at 125 μg/ml. Presence of scoliosis not observed in all concentration for irradiated and non-irradiated sample. The heartbeat of zebrafish embryo treated with irradiated L. pumila extract (0–62.5 μg/ml) was within the normal range (120–180 bpm for all doses), but at higher concentrations (125 μg/ml) the heartbeat differs from normal ranges for all the doses. From this time forward, irradiated and non-irradiated of this plant was safe to be consumed due to its pharmaceutical effect but it still exhibited mild toxicity effect on zebrafish embryo. The diverse irradiated doses show a change of toxicity level of this plant which higher doses show mild toxicity to the zebrafish embryo compared to low doses exposure.
{"title":"Evaluation of acute toxicity of an aqueous extract of irradiated Labisia pumila on zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)","authors":"S. Balan, Punithaamalar Manokaram, Norshafarina Shari, Mahathir bin Mohd Uzid, H. Bahari, M. Ramli, A. Abidin, M. Rahmadi, Arapoc Daryl Jesus","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00008.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00008.x","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to compare the toxicity effect of non-irradiated and irradiated Labisia pumila at a different dosage of 3, 6, 9 and 12 kilogray (kGy). Different irradiated dosages of L.pumila were prepared using Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation and the acute toxicity were assessed through zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. The survival rate, hatching rate, heartbeat rate and scoliosis were observed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 windows. The lethal dose (LC50) value was calculated. The LC50 value of non-irradiated extract L. pumila is 125 μg/ml compared to irradiated extract is 62.5 μg/ml respectively. Hatchability of zebrafish of L.pumila extract reduce in the higher concentration for non-irradiated sample at 250 μg/ml and for irradiated sample at 125 μg/ml. Presence of scoliosis not observed in all concentration for irradiated and non-irradiated sample. The heartbeat of zebrafish embryo treated with irradiated L. pumila extract (0–62.5 μg/ml) was within the normal range (120–180 bpm for all doses), but at higher concentrations (125 μg/ml) the heartbeat differs from normal ranges for all the doses. From this time forward, irradiated and non-irradiated of this plant was safe to be consumed due to its pharmaceutical effect but it still exhibited mild toxicity effect on zebrafish embryo. The diverse irradiated doses show a change of toxicity level of this plant which higher doses show mild toxicity to the zebrafish embryo compared to low doses exposure.","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79811807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00067.4
P. Puri, S. Shukla, R. K. Sarin, Vaishali, Amrita Das, N. Tomar
{"title":"Crime investigating firearms: Need for cooperation between various agencies for successful prosecution","authors":"P. Puri, S. Shukla, R. K. Sarin, Vaishali, Amrita Das, N. Tomar","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00067.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00067.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83972164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00050.9
Shariff Halim, Nor Amira Jasmi, P. Ridzuan, Deborah Anna, Sarah Abdullah, Thur Sina
{"title":"Novel potential Centella asiatica extract in ameliorating neurotoxicity induced oxidative stress in chronic morphine dependant rat model","authors":"Shariff Halim, Nor Amira Jasmi, P. Ridzuan, Deborah Anna, Sarah Abdullah, Thur Sina","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00050.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00050.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"79-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80554130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00032.7
P. Verma, S. Shukla, R. M. Tripathi, Atul Bajaj, Suman
{"title":"Detection of sitagliptin via derivatization employing n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"P. Verma, S. Shukla, R. M. Tripathi, Atul Bajaj, Suman","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00032.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00032.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89659831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00081.9
Chauhan Mohit, D. Harish
{"title":"Medico-legal approach in elderly abuse and neglect","authors":"Chauhan Mohit, D. Harish","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00081.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00081.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"296-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89536328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00078.9
Huda Kadhim Mohammed, Ahmed Jassim Muklive, Dheaa Zageer
{"title":"Characterization of gunpowder component by using analytical chemistry techniques from different ammunition types","authors":"Huda Kadhim Mohammed, Ahmed Jassim Muklive, Dheaa Zageer","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00078.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00078.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"81 1","pages":"270-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83910315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00041.8
N. Shukri, M. Kaleemullah, Jiyauddin Khan, S. Al-Dhalli, S. Ruhi, M. Rasny, S. Baber, S. Fattepur, Kiran P. Niluga, Chean Hui Ng, O. Gamal, Ibrahim Abdullah
{"title":"Development and evaluation of halal herbal capsule containing momordica charantia extract","authors":"N. Shukri, M. Kaleemullah, Jiyauddin Khan, S. Al-Dhalli, S. Ruhi, M. Rasny, S. Baber, S. Fattepur, Kiran P. Niluga, Chean Hui Ng, O. Gamal, Ibrahim Abdullah","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00041.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00041.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"53 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88800775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00022.4
S. Fattepur, Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik, Kiran Nilual, Ibrahim Abdullah, Eddy Yusuf, M. Asmani, María Fátima, M. Kaleemullah
Pereskia bleo is a common folk plant used by the local community in Malaysia for its medicinal properties. Pereskia bleo leaves extract (PBL extracts) was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigation by using standard procedures. This study was aimed on screening the acute toxicity and antifungal activity of PBL extracts against Aspergillus. niger and Candida albicans. PBL extracts were prepared by maceration. Acute toxicity is carried out by using OECD guidelines. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined by serial dilution. The antifungal activities of the extracts against fungus were tested by using Kirby-Baeur Disk Diffusion Method. Acute study was found to be safe even upto 2gm oral route. The Froth Test indicates presence of Saponin. PBL extracts shows the highest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value in the 25% v/v against Aspergillus niger and 100%v/v against Candida albicans. PBL extracts demonstrated synergistic effect with itraconazole against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
{"title":"Acute toxicity and antifungal activity of Pereskia bleo leaves extracts against Aspergillu. niger and Candida albicans","authors":"S. Fattepur, Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik, Kiran Nilual, Ibrahim Abdullah, Eddy Yusuf, M. Asmani, María Fátima, M. Kaleemullah","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00022.4","url":null,"abstract":"Pereskia bleo is a common folk plant used by the local community in Malaysia for its medicinal properties. Pereskia bleo leaves extract (PBL extracts) was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigation by using standard procedures. This study was aimed on screening the acute toxicity and antifungal activity of PBL extracts against Aspergillus. niger and Candida albicans. PBL extracts were prepared by maceration. Acute toxicity is carried out by using OECD guidelines. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined by serial dilution. The antifungal activities of the extracts against fungus were tested by using Kirby-Baeur Disk Diffusion Method. Acute study was found to be safe even upto 2gm oral route. The Froth Test indicates presence of Saponin. PBL extracts shows the highest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value in the 25% v/v against Aspergillus niger and 100%v/v against Candida albicans. PBL extracts demonstrated synergistic effect with itraconazole against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85608867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00029.7
Varsha Chauhan, S. Shukla, G. Sharma
Nowadays, everyone in their life so stressed that the person is mentally not well. Generally, people do not want to seek out the eternal solution for it. People go for an immediate solution so that they can easily find an answer for his or her illnesses or issue. Mostly, people choose drugs, so instantly can either disregard or can ignore the emotions of oneself during that issue. Drug abuse is not only a crucial public health issue in India but also worldwide. Z-drugs are currently new for the criminals to use for the various criminal acts, which will incorporate child abuse, drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA), and various other crimes. The Z-drugs like zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon hailed because of the innovative hypnotics, an improvement to standard benzodiazepines in the management of a sleeping disorder. Z-drugs have critical mesmerizing impacts by diminishing rest idleness and improving sleep quality; however, the span of sleep might not substantially be expanded. Improper prescribing is another method of controlled drug diversion. This problem differs from doctor shopping and prescription fraud; therein, the latter situations involve abusers attempting to deceive or mislead those medical professionals who are doing their jobs responsibly. Presently, sexual abuse is being worked out in many various ways, and every person in public or offenders knows that if some suspicious item utilized, they can effectively be caught. In this way, sedative-hypnotic currently Z-drugs are accessible and can be utilized for abuse, and nobody will be able to recognize the mans-rea of an individual, whether the person could be a close relative or a stranger. The objective of this work is to meticulously study the Z-drugs and their use and abuse in society. Z-drugs are modern-day replacement of benzodiazepines, which are somewhere being utilized illegally, which could be a considerable concern nationwide.
{"title":"Abuse of z-drugs and its challenges to the society","authors":"Varsha Chauhan, S. Shukla, G. Sharma","doi":"10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00029.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-4614.2020.00029.7","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, everyone in their life so stressed that the person is mentally not well. Generally, people do not want to seek out the eternal solution for it. People go for an immediate solution so that they can easily find an answer for his or her illnesses or issue. Mostly, people choose drugs, so instantly can either disregard or can ignore the emotions of oneself during that issue. Drug abuse is not only a crucial public health issue in India but also worldwide. Z-drugs are currently new for the criminals to use for the various criminal acts, which will incorporate child abuse, drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA), and various other crimes. The Z-drugs like zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon hailed because of the innovative hypnotics, an improvement to standard benzodiazepines in the management of a sleeping disorder. Z-drugs have critical mesmerizing impacts by diminishing rest idleness and improving sleep quality; however, the span of sleep might not substantially be expanded. Improper prescribing is another method of controlled drug diversion. This problem differs from doctor shopping and prescription fraud; therein, the latter situations involve abusers attempting to deceive or mislead those medical professionals who are doing their jobs responsibly. Presently, sexual abuse is being worked out in many various ways, and every person in public or offenders knows that if some suspicious item utilized, they can effectively be caught. In this way, sedative-hypnotic currently Z-drugs are accessible and can be utilized for abuse, and nobody will be able to recognize the mans-rea of an individual, whether the person could be a close relative or a stranger. The objective of this work is to meticulously study the Z-drugs and their use and abuse in society. Z-drugs are modern-day replacement of benzodiazepines, which are somewhere being utilized illegally, which could be a considerable concern nationwide.","PeriodicalId":14091,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"191-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77935621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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