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Retrospective analysis of laboratory diagnostic data to assess the seasonal and proportional distribution of major tick-borne diseases in cattle from selected smallholder farms, Zambia 对实验室诊断数据进行回顾性分析,以评估来自赞比亚选定小农农场的牛中主要蜱传疾病的季节性和比例分布
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0120
I. Silwamba, Jeremiah Chijikwa, Vigirio K. Mutemwa, James Chanda, Augustine Nkhata, Jenny Chapple, Misheck Sialyobo, Juliet Mutale, Natasha Zgambo, N. Chama, Lungowe Muyangana, Philip Phiri, Musso Munyeme, K. Nalubamba, G. Mainda, J. Muma
Abstract Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are endemic in Zambia and several other Sub-Saharan countries. They affect livestock production by causing high morbidity and mortality, resulting in increased production losses in terms of live-weight gain, milk production, off-take rates, and draft power. Herein, we applied a facility-based design to assess the proportion and seasonal distribution of theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and heartwater in cattle from selected smallholder farms in Lusaka and Central provinces of Zambia using laboratory records for microscopic examination of haemoparasites. The overall proportions for theileriosis, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis were 33.7% (95% CI: 30.7–38.2%), 8.3% (95% CI: 6.4–10.9%), and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1–1.4%), respectively. Heartwater was detected in all the six laboratory records reviewed. Lusaka province had the highest proportion of theileriosis at 30.2% (95% CI: 25.5–35.3%), followed by babesiosis, 8.5% (95% CI: 5.8–11.9%), and anaplasmosis, 0.3% (95% CI: 0.01–1.6%). Similarly, Central province had the highest proportion of theileriosis at 39.5% (95% CI: 33.8–45.4%), followed by babesiosis, 8.4% (95% CI: 5.5–12.2%), and anaplasmosis, 0.7% (95% CI: 0.1–2.5%). Among the districts, Rufunsa district had the highest proportion for theileriosis at 70.6% (95% CI: 44.0–89.7%), followed by Kafue, 54.5% (95% CI: 23.4–83.3%), and Shibuyunji, 51.4% (95% CI: 34.0–68.6%). Analysis of seasonal variation revealed no statistical difference between the dry and wet seasons for theileriosis, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between Central and Lusaka provinces for babesiosis and anaplasmosis except for theileriosis. These data may have implications on farmers’ herd health management strategies with respect to TBDs, and farmers should be sensitized for effective implementation of risk-based disease control.
蜱传疾病(tbd)是赞比亚和其他几个撒哈拉以南国家的地方病。它们通过造成高发病率和死亡率影响畜牧生产,导致活重增加、产奶量、吸乳率和牵引力方面的生产损失增加。在此,我们采用了一种基于设施的设计来评估来自赞比亚卢萨卡和中部省份选定的小农农场的牛的肠杆菌病、巴贝斯虫病、无形体病和心水的比例和季节分布,使用实验室记录进行血液寄生虫的显微镜检查。大肠杆菌病、巴贝斯虫病和无形体病的总体比例分别为33.7% (95% CI: 30.7-38.2%)、8.3% (95% CI: 6.4-10.9%)和0.5% (95% CI: 0.1-1.4%)。在审查的所有六个实验室记录中都检测到心水。卢萨卡省的大肠杆菌病比例最高,为30.2% (95% CI: 25.5-35.3%),其次是巴贝斯虫病,8.5% (95% CI: 5.8-11.9%),无形体病,0.3% (95% CI: 0.01-1.6%)。同样,中部省的肠杆菌病比例最高,为39.5% (95% CI: 33.8-45.4%),其次是巴贝斯虫病,8.4% (95% CI: 5.5-12.2%),无形体病,0.7% (95% CI: 0.1-2.5%)。各区中,如丰萨区菌痢患病率最高,为70.6% (95% CI: 44.0 ~ 89.7%),卡富区次之,为54.5% (95% CI: 23.4 ~ 83.3%),石布云集区次之,为51.4% (95% CI: 34.0 ~ 68.6%)。季节变化分析显示,干季和湿季在肠杆菌病、巴贝斯虫病和无形体病方面无统计学差异。此外,中部和卢萨卡省在巴贝斯虫病和无形体病方面没有统计学差异,除了他们的肠杆菌病。这些数据可能会影响农民对tbd的群体健康管理策略,农民应该对有效实施基于风险的疾病控制敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization of Capripoxvirus isolates from Moroccan sheep 摩洛哥绵羊Capripoxvirus分离株的分子特性
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0117
Aissa Saidi, Meriam Elmottaki, Abderrahman Sadikaoui
Abstract Sheep pox is a highly contagious infectious viral disease (F/Poxviridae, G/Capripoxvirus), still causing economic damage in endemic zones like northern Africa, the Middle East, and many regions in Asia. Nevertheless, the clinical symptoms caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) is similar to those caused by genetically related viruses, notably goat pox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). One of the main objectives of the current study is to characterize the virus; nasal swabs were taken from sheep showing SPPV clinical signs, submitted to molecular sequencing based on the P32 gene marker, and proceeded to genetic comparisons. Phylogenetic results showed that all virus isolate sequences cluster in the SPPV clade, thus distinguishing them from those of GTPV and LSDV. These results give an accurate diagnostic and a clear view of endemic viral strains, guiding veterinary managers in control politics, especially in the choice of a homologous vaccine.
羊痘是一种高度传染性的病毒性疾病(F/Poxviridae, G/Capripoxvirus),在北非、中东和亚洲许多地区等流行区仍造成经济损失。然而,羊痘病毒(SPPV)引起的临床症状与遗传相关病毒,特别是山羊痘病毒(GTPV)和肿块皮肤病病毒(LSDV)引起的临床症状相似。当前研究的主要目标之一是确定病毒的特征;从有SPPV临床症状的羊身上采集鼻拭子,根据P32基因标记进行分子测序,并进行遗传比较。系统发育结果表明,所有病毒分离序列均聚集在SPPV分支中,从而与GTPV和LSDV区分开来。这些结果提供了准确的诊断和对地方性病毒株的清晰认识,指导兽医管理人员进行控制政策,特别是选择同源疫苗。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of qSOFA and variation of hematochemical profile in cats naturally infected with feline panleukopenia virus 自然感染猫泛白细胞减少病毒的猫的qSOFA和血液化学谱变化的评价
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0118
E. Gülersoy, B. Erol, M. Ok, M. Sevinç
Abstract Feline panleukopenia (FP) is a fatal viral disease that predisposes cats to sepsis and organ failure. Owing to a wide variety of clinical findings, hematochemical examinations are significant for the determination of early signs of disease-related complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of certain hematochemical parameters together with quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in cats with FP. A total of 10 healthy and 30 panleukopenic cats were included in this study. Physical examinations revealed that the body temperature was highest in septic panleukopenic cats (p < 0.009) and they had higher qSOFA scores (p = 0.000). Hemogram analysis revealed that leukocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte, erythrocyte, and hemoglobin levels were lower in non-septic panleukopenic cats compared with the healthy ones (p < 0.030). Also, monocyte and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels were lower in septic ones (p < 0.048). Serum biochemistry profiling revealed higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, and C-reactive protein levels in panleukopenic cats (p < 0.033). As a result, it was concluded that although the qSOFA is not sufficient to distinguish sepsis in cats, unlike dogs, in order to achieve a positive clinical outcome, when evaluated together with hematochemical variables, it may help in making early diagnosis of FP-related complications.
猫泛白细胞减少症(FP)是一种致命的病毒性疾病,易导致猫败血症和器官衰竭。由于临床表现多种多样,血液化学检查对于确定疾病相关并发症的早期体征具有重要意义。本研究的目的是探讨某些血液化学参数和快速败血症相关器官衰竭评估(qSOFA)对FP猫的诊断效果。本研究共纳入10只健康猫和30只泛白细胞减少猫。体格检查显示,脓毒性全白细胞减少猫的体温最高(p < 0.009), qSOFA评分较高(p = 0.000)。血象分析显示,与健康猫相比,非败血性泛白细胞减少猫的白细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白水平较低(p < 0.030)。脓毒症患者单核细胞和平均红细胞血红蛋白水平较低(p < 0.048)。血清生化分析显示,泛白细胞减少猫的血尿素氮、肌酐、丙氨酸转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、总胆红素和c反应蛋白水平较高(p < 0.033)。因此,我们得出结论,尽管与狗不同,qSOFA不足以区分猫的败血症,但为了获得积极的临床结果,当与血液化学变量一起评估时,它可能有助于早期诊断fp相关并发症。
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引用次数: 1
Surgical management and outcome of a laryngeal myxosarcoma in a dog 犬喉黏液肉瘤的手术处理及结果
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0116
Andrew J. Lacqua, Jessica M Williams, R. S. Ranck
Abstract A 9-month-old female spayed French Bulldog presented for respiratory stridor and exercise intolerance. Laryngeal examination showed an abnormally thickened left arytenoid cartilage. Fine needle aspirate of the mass was consistent with a well-differentiated spindle cell proliferation. The mass was marginally excised via a left-sided arytenoid approach and per os. Histopathology confirmed a well-differentiated myxosarcoma. Following surgery, the dog developed severe dyspnea and marked respiratory stridor consistent with airway obstruction secondary to laryngeal edema and inflammation. A permanent tracheostomy was performed. Three months post-operatively the dog was completely recovered, but early tumor regrowth was observed. This is the first report of laryngeal myxosarcoma in a dog. Permanent tracheostomy should be considered early in the surgical management of laryngeal neoplasia when more invasive surgical procedures are not elected to achieve a good outcome.
摘要一只9月龄雌性绝育法国斗牛犬出现呼吸性喘鸣和运动不耐受。喉部检查显示左杓状软骨异常增厚。细针吸出的肿块与纺锤形细胞分化良好的增生一致。肿物经左侧蝶突入路行边缘切除。组织病理学证实为高分化黏液肉瘤。手术后,狗出现严重的呼吸困难和明显的呼吸性喘鸣,与继发于喉部水肿和炎症的气道阻塞一致。行永久性气管切开术。术后3个月狗完全恢复,但观察到早期肿瘤再生。这是首次报道喉黏液肉瘤在狗。永久性气管造口术在喉部肿瘤的早期外科治疗中应被考虑,当更多的侵入性手术不能被选择以获得良好的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Domestic dogs as a threat to sloths in Costa Rica: A clinical case report and review of the problem 哥斯达黎加的家狗对树懒构成威胁:一份临床病例报告和对该问题的回顾
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0115
N. Brown, A. Villada, S. Trull
Abstract Human-introduced predators, primarily the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), and human-modified landscapes conjointly threaten wildlife across Costa Rica. For arboreal species, including the two-fingered sloth (Choloepus hoffmani), the impact of domestic dogs is amplified in areas of habitat fragmentation. In efforts to navigate discontinuous canopies associated with urban development and human encroachment, C. hoffmani is forced to utilize terrestrial locomotion. This unnatural behavior leaves sloths increasingly vulnerable to predation by domestic dogs, which occupy altered landscapes in high densities. In this report, we detail the ante and postmortem findings associated with C. hoffmani following an extensive attack by three large-breed dogs. The patient sustained severe and fatal polytraumatic injuries targeting the abdominothoracic region. Gross lesions were not readily evident, obscured by unique anatomical characteristics of the species. This report aims to highlight the threat imposed by dogs to sloths and the severity of injuries, with considerations for clinical management in light of C. hoffmani morphology. We review the scope of domestic dog–wildlife conflict in Costa Rica, and propose collaborative mitigation strategies including habitat preservation, domestic dog population control, installation of wildlife corridors, policy initiatives, and dog owner education and public outreach.
人类引入的掠食者,主要是家犬(Canis lupus familiaris),以及人类改造的景观共同威胁着哥斯达黎加的野生动物。对于包括两指树懒(Choloepus hoffmani)在内的树栖物种,在栖息地破碎化的地区,家养狗的影响被放大。为了在与城市发展和人类入侵相关的不连续树冠中航行,C. hoffmani被迫利用陆地运动。这种不自然的行为使树懒越来越容易受到家狗的捕食,家狗占据了高密度的改变景观。在本报告中,我们详细介绍了三只大型犬广泛袭击后与C. hoffmani相关的死前和死后发现。患者持续严重和致命的多创伤性损伤针对腹部和胸部区域。大体病变不容易明显,被物种独特的解剖特征所掩盖。本报告旨在强调狗对树懒的威胁和伤害的严重程度,并根据树懒的形态考虑临床管理。我们回顾了哥斯达黎加家养狗与野生动物冲突的范围,并提出了包括栖息地保护、家养狗数量控制、安装野生动物走廊、政策举措、狗主人教育和公众宣传在内的合作缓解策略。
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引用次数: 0
Modulatory effects of ergothioneine on behavioural responses of Arabian stallions following a 2,000 m race during the rainy and hot-dry seasons in a tropical environment 麦角硫因对热带多雨和干热季节阿拉伯种马2000米比赛后行为反应的调节作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0119
A. Adah, J. Ayo, P. Rekwot, T. Aluwong, D. Adah
Abstract Experiments were performed to determine the effects of ergothioneine (ERG) on behavioural responses of stallions to exercise during hot-dry and rainy seasons. Eighteen healthy stallions were divided into three groups of six horses each. Group I (ERG + Exercise) was treated with ERG before exercise, group II was treated after exercise (Exercise + ERG), and group III (Exercise only) was not treated but subject to exercise. The stallions were subjected to a race of 2,000 m at maximum speed. The time spent standing by the horses in the ERG + Exercise and Exercise + ERG groups (1430.31 ± 30.73 s/30 min and 1403.32 ± 32.43 s/30 min, respectively) were higher (P < 0.0001) than the time spent standing in the Exercise-only group (1033.26 ± 21.19 s/30 min). The number of times the stallions bit their cribs per 30 min in the ERG + Exercise (0.38 ± 0.02/30 min) and Exercise + ERG (0.67 ± 0.0530 min) groups was lower (P < 0.0001) than that recorded in the Exercise-only group (3.51 ± 1.7730 min). It was concluded that ERG modulates behavioural responses to exercise in stallions, and the agent may be beneficial in alleviating exercise-induced stress responses and improving the welfare of horses post-exercise.
摘要通过实验研究麦角硫因(ERG)对干热季节和雨季公马运动行为反应的影响。十八匹健康的种马被分成三组,每组六匹马。第一组(ERG +运动)在运动前进行ERG治疗,第二组在运动后进行ERG治疗(运动+ ERG),第三组(仅运动)不进行治疗但进行运动。这些种马以最高速度进行了2000米的赛跑。ERG +运动组和运动+ ERG组马匹站立时间(分别为1430.31±30.73 s/30 min和1403.32±32.43 s/30 min)显著高于单纯运动组(1033.26±21.19 s/30 min) (P < 0.0001)。ERG +运动组(0.38±0.02/30 min)和运动+ ERG组(0.67±0.0530 min)较运动组(3.51±1.7730 min)均显著降低(P < 0.0001)。结果表明,ERG可调节马对运动的行为反应,有助于缓解运动应激反应,提高马的运动后福利。
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引用次数: 0
Brucella transmission from domestic and wild animals to dromedary camel: Diagnostic methods and zoonotic threats – A review 布鲁氏菌从家养和野生动物传播给单峰骆驼:诊断方法和人畜共患病威胁-综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0113
M. Adel
Abstract The present review discusses the transmission risk factors of camel (Camelus dromedarius) brucellosis in the limits of domestic and wild interfaces and zoonotic threats. The median position of the dromedary’s life between wild and the domestic areas seems to increase the risks of brucellosis transmission, compared to other receptive domestic ruminants. In arid environments, canids, lagomorphs, rodents, and wild boars are potential reservoirs of Brucella spp. Dromedary camels raised according to a periurban breeding system are often in direct or indirect contact with wild animals, domestic animals, and humans. Constraints of brucellosis detection and control in wild animals, especially in developing countries, hamper preventing disease in camelids and related occupational categories. A total eradication of animal and human brucellosis, in developing countries, is faced by the difficulty of applying quarantine periods for suspected animals, the lack of reliable diagnostic tools, and the impossibility of controlling animals at the common grazing lands, livestock markets, and transboundary areas. In developing countries, the informal she-camel milk collection, the periurban camel breeding, and the shortage in the technological processing and the pasteurization of she-camel milk play a key role in brucellosis zoonotic transmission.Veterinarians should have more initiative in brucellosis control in both domestic and wildlife animals.
摘要本文综述了骆驼(Camelus dromedarius)布鲁氏菌病在家养和野生交界面传播的危险因素及人畜共患威胁。与其他易受感染的家养反刍动物相比,单峰骆驼生活在野生地区和家养地区之间的中间位置似乎增加了布鲁氏菌病传播的风险。在干旱环境中,犬科动物、狐猴、啮齿动物和野猪是布鲁氏菌的潜在宿主。在城郊繁殖系统中饲养的单峰骆驼经常与野生动物、家畜和人类有直接或间接的接触。在野生动物中,特别是在发展中国家,布鲁氏菌病的发现和控制方面的限制阻碍了骆驼类和相关职业类别的疾病预防。在发展中国家,要彻底根除动物和人类布鲁氏菌病,面临着对疑似动物实行隔离期的困难,缺乏可靠的诊断工具,以及无法在共同牧场、牲畜市场和跨界地区控制动物。在发展中国家,非正规的母骆驼奶采集、城郊骆驼养殖以及母骆驼奶的技术加工和巴氏消毒不足,在布鲁氏菌病人畜共患传播中发挥了关键作用。兽医应在家畜和野生动物的布鲁氏菌病控制方面发挥更大的主动性。
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引用次数: 0
Antitrypanosomal activity of Argemone mexicana extract and fractions in the animal model of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection 银银酮提取物及其组分在布氏锥虫感染动物模型中的抗锥虫活性
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2022-0114
Ifeoma L. Chukwu, M. Ugwu, I. Iroha, I. Mbagwu, Ugochukwu U. Okafor, A. A. Ajaghaku
Abstract Background This study investigated the antitrypanosomal activity of Argemone mexicana extract and fractions in the animal model of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. Methods The whole plant was cold-macerated with methanol. The liquid–liquid partitioning of the extract with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water produced various fractions of the extract. Infection was established by the inoculation of T. brucei brucei-infected red blood cells in the animals. Treatment with the extract and fractions was done orally for 5 days postinfection at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Diminazene aceturate 3.5 mg/kg and 5 mL/kg 10% Tween 80 served as standard and vehicle control, respectively. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), animal body weight, and survival as well as serum liver function enzymes’ activities were also assessed. Results The extract and the n-hexane fraction showed the presence of all the tested phytocompounds except tannins and cardiac glycosides, respectively. The extract showed a reduction in parasitemia while the order of activity for the fractions was n-hexane ≫ water ≫ butanol ≫ ethyl acetate. The n-hexane fraction produced complete protection against parasite-induced mortality just like the reference standard and a higher increase in PCV compared with the reference standard. The extract, n-hexane, and water fractions showed protection against infection-induced liver damage with a significant (P < 0.05) difference when compared to the vehicle control group. Conclusion A. mexicana showed antitrypanosomal activity which may be attributed to the presence of phytocompounds particularly saponins, which were present in the extract and fractions that showed antitrypanosomal activity but absent in fractions that showed no or weak antitrypanosomal activity.
摘要背景本研究研究了银银酮提取物及其组分在布氏锥虫感染动物模型中的抗锥虫活性。方法采用甲醇冷浸整株。用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丁醇和水对提取物进行液-液分配,得到不同的提取物组分。通过在动物体内接种布氏体感染的红细胞确定感染。感染后以200和400 mg/kg剂量口服提取物和馏分5天。乙酸氨基苯3.5 mg/kg和5 mL/kg 10% Tween 80分别作为标准品和对照品。测定寄生虫载量、堆积细胞体积(PCV)、动物体重、存活率及血清肝功能酶活性。结果提取液和正己烷部位除单宁和心苷外,均含有上述化合物。提取物对寄生菌有一定的抑制作用,其活性顺序为正己烷>水>丁醇>乙酸乙酯。正己烷部分与参考标准一样,对寄生虫引起的死亡具有完全的保护作用,与参考标准相比,PCV的增加更高。提取物、正己烷和水馏分对感染引起的肝损伤具有保护作用,与对照组相比差异显著(P < 0.05)。结论墨西哥刺槐具有抗锥虫活性,这可能是由于其提取物和具有抗锥虫活性的部分中含有植物化合物,特别是皂苷,而在抗锥虫活性不强或较弱的部分中不存在皂苷。
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引用次数: 0
The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of Albizia gummifera leaf extracts 合欢叶提取物体外抗锥虫活性研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2020-0105
D. Oloruntola, E. Dada, M. Oladunmoye
Abstract For the control and treatment of trypanosomiasis, a limited number of chemotherapeutic drugs with mild side effects are available. As a result, a quest for a less toxic herbal treatment for trypanosomiasis is needed. Ethanolic extract of A. gummifera leaf (EEAL) and aqueous extract of Albizia. gummifera leaf (AEAL) were tested for antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro. We first compared the phytochemical concentrations of EEAL and AEAL and discovered that EEAL had higher phytochemical concentrations on average than AEAL: flavonoids (4.26 mg/g vs 2.50 mg/g); alkaloids (38.40 mg/g vs 19.80 mg/g); tannins (230.7 mg/g vs 45.74 mg/g) and saponins (128.66 vs 44.33g/g). From the result of phytochemical concentrations of the two compounds, the higher values observed in flavonoids and alkaloid of EEAL led us to hypothesize that EEAL would have greater trypanocidal activity. Following that, EEAL and AEAL were tested for antitrypanosomal activity in vitro. Forty µl of blood holding in about 25±8 parasites/field was mixed with 20 µl of the EEAL and AEAL solutions of 100, 80, 60 mg/ml to produce an efficacious test concentration of 25, 20 and 15 mg/ml, sequentially. The extracts inhibited parasite motility and eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used in vitro, except for 15 mg/ml AEAL and 20 mg/ml AEAL. Following the screening, the Albizia gummifera ethanolic extract found to have positive in vitro trypanocidal activity. More research is needed to determine the concentrations of the extract for the in vivo test.
摘要为了控制和治疗锥虫病,目前有少量副作用轻微的化疗药物可用。因此,需要寻求一种毒性较小的治疗锥虫病的草药。胶木叶乙醇提取物和合欢水提取物。研究了胶木叶(AEAL)对布氏锥虫的体外抗锥虫活性。我们首先比较了EEAL和AEAL的植物化学浓度,发现EEAL的平均植物化学浓度高于AEAL:黄酮类化合物(4.26 mg/g vs 2.50 mg/g);生物碱(38.40 mg/g vs 19.80 mg/g);单宁(230.7 mg/g vs 45.74 mg/g)和皂苷(128.66 vs 44.33g/g)。从这两种化合物的植物化学浓度的结果来看,EEAL的黄酮类化合物和生物碱含量较高,这使我们假设EEAL具有更强的锥虫活性。随后,测定了eal和AEAL的体外抗锥虫活性。取约25±8只/场的40µl血液与20µl分别为100、80、60 mg/ml的EEAL和AEAL溶液混合,依次得到25、20和15 mg/ml的有效试验浓度。除15 mg/ml和20 mg/ml AEAL浓度外,在体外使用的浓度下,提取物抑制了寄生虫的运动并消除了生物体。经筛选,合欢醇提物体外有阳性的锥虫活性。需要更多的研究来确定体内试验中提取物的浓度。
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引用次数: 1
Common Barriers, Attitudes, and Practices of Veterinary Practitioners Regarding Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Chattogram, Bangladesh 在孟加拉国Chattogram,兽医从业人员对抗菌素耐药性和管理的共同障碍、态度和做法
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/ovs-2020-0109
Md. Sahidur Rahman, Nazifa Rafa
Abstract The perceived risk of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens creates the necessity for understanding the role of the prescriber groups. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among veterinary practitioners to assess their understanding regarding antimicrobial prescribing and the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. We collected responses from 100 veterinarians engaged in the large animal, poultry, and pet animal care practices. Proportions were calculated for categorical variables and the results were visualized. We revealed two key barriers: a lack of enough information and of training on the proper prescription of antimicrobials. Prescribing a wide variety of antimicrobials and doing incomplete courses of antimicrobial treatments were two very important causes pointed out by the respondents for the development of antimicrobial resistance. A number of highest-priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIAs) of human health were found to be used by veterinary practitioners. In addition to clinical features like types of organisms and severity of the disease, the availability of drugs in the local market and the economic conditions of farmers have the potential to influence the decisions of veterinarians in prescribing antimicrobials. The professional development of veterinarians and the maintenance of strong coordination are crucial to ensure the proper engagement of veterinarians as the front-line fighters for tackling the AMR issue.
对抗菌素耐药病原体的感知风险产生了理解处方组作用的必要性。因此,我们在兽医从业人员中进行了一项横断面调查,以评估他们对抗菌药物处方和牲畜抗微生物药物耐药性问题的理解。我们收集了100名从事大型动物、家禽和宠物动物护理工作的兽医的回复。计算分类变量的比例,并将结果可视化。我们发现了两个主要障碍:缺乏足够的信息和关于正确开具抗菌素处方的培训。答复者指出,抗菌素耐药性发展的两个非常重要的原因是抗菌素药物种类繁多和疗程不全。发现兽医从业人员正在使用一些对人类健康最重要的最优先级抗菌剂(hp - cia)。除了微生物类型和疾病严重程度等临床特征外,当地市场上药物的供应情况和农民的经济状况也有可能影响兽医开抗菌素处方的决定。兽医的专业发展和保持强有力的协调对于确保兽医作为应对抗生素耐药性问题的前线战士的适当参与至关重要。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Open Veterinary Science
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