H. Abedi, Reza Javan, M. Nematollahi, K. Safaei, Anwar Q. Al-Gamal, M. Elahinia, A. Qattawi
NiTi Shape memory alloys are increasingly being employed in a variety of applications, with continuous research into practical processing methods. The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing method is exhibiting increasing attention to fabricating SMA materials due to the high flexibility of controllable process parameters. Finite element method (FEM) approaches are deployed to offer an intelligent fabrication path and minimize the high time and cost expenses of experimentations. In this work, a thermal model is developed to predict the melt pool size and shape during NiTi’s LPBF. Macroscale physics framework via COMSOL Multiphysics is used to build a thermal model for NiTi LPBF processing. To this end, a single-track scanning of laser over the NiTi substrate with Gaussian power density has been modeled. The thermal/melt pool modeling of a single laser pass on NiTi substrate is employed. The model is calibrated for the thermal parameters such as the conductive and convective coefficient and emissivity coefficients. The calibration is performed through the comparison of experimental temperature measurements via optical microscopy and in-situ thermal imaging and the numerical modeling results.
{"title":"A Physics-Based Model of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy: Laser Single Track and Melt Pool Dimension Prediction","authors":"H. Abedi, Reza Javan, M. Nematollahi, K. Safaei, Anwar Q. Al-Gamal, M. Elahinia, A. Qattawi","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96912","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 NiTi Shape memory alloys are increasingly being employed in a variety of applications, with continuous research into practical processing methods. The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing method is exhibiting increasing attention to fabricating SMA materials due to the high flexibility of controllable process parameters. Finite element method (FEM) approaches are deployed to offer an intelligent fabrication path and minimize the high time and cost expenses of experimentations.\u0000 In this work, a thermal model is developed to predict the melt pool size and shape during NiTi’s LPBF. Macroscale physics framework via COMSOL Multiphysics is used to build a thermal model for NiTi LPBF processing. To this end, a single-track scanning of laser over the NiTi substrate with Gaussian power density has been modeled.\u0000 The thermal/melt pool modeling of a single laser pass on NiTi substrate is employed. The model is calibrated for the thermal parameters such as the conductive and convective coefficient and emissivity coefficients. The calibration is performed through the comparison of experimental temperature measurements via optical microscopy and in-situ thermal imaging and the numerical modeling results.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134537858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper mainly studies the effect of process parameters on the roundness of the outer surface of the wheel hub during the spinning process of the forged and Spinned aluminum alloy wheel hub and summarizes the laws of the spring back phenomenon. Firstly, based on the finite element analysis platform of Simufact. Forming, the finite element simulation model of the spinning and forming of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was established in this paper. Then, the spinning process of the 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was numerically simulated by using simulation software. Four main process parameters (temperature, feed rate, thinning rate, spindle speed) were selected for the single factor simulation analysis of four factors and five levels. The results show that the optimum process parameters are that the spindle speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 400 °C, the feed rate is 0.75 mm/r and the thinning rate is 40%. The influence of process parameters on roundness error is as follows: feed rate > thinning rate > spindle speed > temperature. The influence of process parameters on spring-back of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub is as follows: thinning rate > feed rate > temperature > spindle speed. The factor that has a greater influence on the fluctuation of spring back is as follows: roller feed rate > thinning rate.
{"title":"Effect of Spinning Process Parameters on Roundness of Aluminum Alloy Wheel Hub Surface and Analysis of Springback Characteristics","authors":"Siyuan Chen, Xuedao Shu, Yujie Lu, Jiabin Zheng","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94263","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper mainly studies the effect of process parameters on the roundness of the outer surface of the wheel hub during the spinning process of the forged and Spinned aluminum alloy wheel hub and summarizes the laws of the spring back phenomenon. Firstly, based on the finite element analysis platform of Simufact. Forming, the finite element simulation model of the spinning and forming of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was established in this paper. Then, the spinning process of the 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub was numerically simulated by using simulation software. Four main process parameters (temperature, feed rate, thinning rate, spindle speed) were selected for the single factor simulation analysis of four factors and five levels. The results show that the optimum process parameters are that the spindle speed is 400 r/min, the temperature is 400 °C, the feed rate is 0.75 mm/r and the thinning rate is 40%. The influence of process parameters on roundness error is as follows: feed rate > thinning rate > spindle speed > temperature. The influence of process parameters on spring-back of 6061 aluminum alloy wheel hub is as follows: thinning rate > feed rate > temperature > spindle speed. The factor that has a greater influence on the fluctuation of spring back is as follows: roller feed rate > thinning rate.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116972201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advancement of factory logistics into the autonomous era comes the need to validate the safety and performance characteristics of Autonomous-Unmanned Ground Vehicles (A-UGVs) working in these application spaces ASTM Committee F45 has been developing standards for A-UGV performance measurement in various domains. The object detection and obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs in factories needs to be managed carefully as the action may cause severe damages, particularly when obstacles are either not detected or erroneously detected. In this paper, the grid-video measurement method is proposed to measure the small (e.g., short and/or thin) obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs. First, this paper describes the need for measuring the A-UGV performance through examples of small obstacles and the required A-UGV capability to avoid them. Next, the grid-video measurement method is introduced as a low cost, standard method to measure the small obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs. An experiment using blocks demonstrates how the grid-video measurement method can be used effectively to measure the A-UGV obstacle avoidance performance, and it shows that the performance changes upon A-UGV specification, obstacle sizing, and environmental conditions quantitively. The method and experimental results proposed in this paper will be used to support ASTM F45 standard development.
{"title":"Grid-Video Measurement Method for A-UGV’s Small Obstacle Avoidance Performance","authors":"Soocheol Yoon, R. Bostelman, Ann Virts","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-88658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88658","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the advancement of factory logistics into the autonomous era comes the need to validate the safety and performance characteristics of Autonomous-Unmanned Ground Vehicles (A-UGVs) working in these application spaces ASTM Committee F45 has been developing standards for A-UGV performance measurement in various domains. The object detection and obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs in factories needs to be managed carefully as the action may cause severe damages, particularly when obstacles are either not detected or erroneously detected. In this paper, the grid-video measurement method is proposed to measure the small (e.g., short and/or thin) obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs. First, this paper describes the need for measuring the A-UGV performance through examples of small obstacles and the required A-UGV capability to avoid them. Next, the grid-video measurement method is introduced as a low cost, standard method to measure the small obstacle avoidance performance of A-UGVs. An experiment using blocks demonstrates how the grid-video measurement method can be used effectively to measure the A-UGV obstacle avoidance performance, and it shows that the performance changes upon A-UGV specification, obstacle sizing, and environmental conditions quantitively. The method and experimental results proposed in this paper will be used to support ASTM F45 standard development.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129238271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. R. Sarker, J. Glassmeyer, Alexander Ruble, Y. Hamidi, K. Billah
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is one of the high-performance polymers and has versatile applications in different industries. It has higher mechanical strength compared to other high-temperature polymers, and achieving this mechanical strength using additive manufacturing is not straightforward. Additive manufacturing of PEEK requires great attention before, during, and after 3D printing. This study focused on pre-processing and printing parameters to avoid warped samples and achieve high-quality tensile samples. Coating the build plate with high-temperature Nano-polymer glue at different stages has played a significant role in producing high-quality tensile samples and avoiding warped samples. This study also investigates the mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK with different raster angles (0°, 90°, 45/90°, and +45/−45°) with and without annealed tensile samples. Controlled printing parameters were maintained, including 400 °C extrusion temperature, 160 °C bed temperature, and 90 °C ambient temperature. Higher mechanical strength was found in annealed samples for 0° and 90° raster angles, 97.445 Mpa and 98.4 MPa, respectively.
{"title":"Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Polymer (Polyether Ether Ketone-PEEK) With Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing","authors":"M. R. Sarker, J. Glassmeyer, Alexander Ruble, Y. Hamidi, K. Billah","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95419","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is one of the high-performance polymers and has versatile applications in different industries. It has higher mechanical strength compared to other high-temperature polymers, and achieving this mechanical strength using additive manufacturing is not straightforward. Additive manufacturing of PEEK requires great attention before, during, and after 3D printing. This study focused on pre-processing and printing parameters to avoid warped samples and achieve high-quality tensile samples. Coating the build plate with high-temperature Nano-polymer glue at different stages has played a significant role in producing high-quality tensile samples and avoiding warped samples. This study also investigates the mechanical properties of 3D printed PEEK with different raster angles (0°, 90°, 45/90°, and +45/−45°) with and without annealed tensile samples. Controlled printing parameters were maintained, including 400 °C extrusion temperature, 160 °C bed temperature, and 90 °C ambient temperature. Higher mechanical strength was found in annealed samples for 0° and 90° raster angles, 97.445 Mpa and 98.4 MPa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the advances in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes and efforts in grain tailoring during the process for desired size and shape. WAAM can cause fabrication and post-processing time reduction in comparison with traditional processes. However, the high cooling rates and thermal gradient of the fusion-based metal additive manufacturing process often leads to an almost exclusively columnar grains microstructure (especially in titanium-based alloys), which can result in anisotropic mechanical properties and are, in consequence, undesirable. The issue of large directional grains can be addressed either with the addition of potent nuclei, a solute that promotes constitutional supercooling or a combination of the two. Nuclei are naturally present in liquid metals and are the starting point of every grain. Introducing additional potent nucleant particles by inoculation would facilitate grain refinement by increasing the total number of grains and therefore reducing the average grain size. To study the importance of solutes like Cr. and/or nuclei phases like TiB on final grains size and topology of the printed Ti-6Al-V titanium alloy with WAAM method, coupled thermal and microstructure simulations conducted. Simulation results show that the final microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at points without adding nucleants (solute and nuclei phase) will be columnar. By adding some solutes (Cr), the final microstructure is finer but still remains columnar. Although the final microstructure is equiaxed for all scenarios, adding solute and nuclei phases will change the final average size of the grains and hence achieve grain refinement.
{"title":"Physics-Based Microstructure Modeling for Grain Tailoring and Refinement in Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy","authors":"T. Özel, Hamed Shokri, H. Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96493","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the advances in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) processes and efforts in grain tailoring during the process for desired size and shape. WAAM can cause fabrication and post-processing time reduction in comparison with traditional processes. However, the high cooling rates and thermal gradient of the fusion-based metal additive manufacturing process often leads to an almost exclusively columnar grains microstructure (especially in titanium-based alloys), which can result in anisotropic mechanical properties and are, in consequence, undesirable. The issue of large directional grains can be addressed either with the addition of potent nuclei, a solute that promotes constitutional supercooling or a combination of the two. Nuclei are naturally present in liquid metals and are the starting point of every grain. Introducing additional potent nucleant particles by inoculation would facilitate grain refinement by increasing the total number of grains and therefore reducing the average grain size. To study the importance of solutes like Cr. and/or nuclei phases like TiB on final grains size and topology of the printed Ti-6Al-V titanium alloy with WAAM method, coupled thermal and microstructure simulations conducted. Simulation results show that the final microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at points without adding nucleants (solute and nuclei phase) will be columnar. By adding some solutes (Cr), the final microstructure is finer but still remains columnar. Although the final microstructure is equiaxed for all scenarios, adding solute and nuclei phases will change the final average size of the grains and hence achieve grain refinement.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126880394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujie Shan, Praveen Sahu, R. Sundararajan, Huachao Mao
Microfluidic devices have been widely investigated for various applications, specifically in the biomedical field, which involve manipulating cells at a sub-micron scale. However, the conventional lithography process with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-molding process (soft lithography) involves numerous steps demanding high-end equipment and a cleanroom fueling up the cost and making it a time-consuming process. This paper presents a low-cost yet versatile way to fabricate long microfluidic channels using liquid crystal display (LCD)-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing. The accuracy, resolution and repeatability of the printing process were characterized using various parameter settings. We validated the developed process by 3D-printing four different microfluidic devices with 100 μm wide channels. Subsequently, we successfully demonstrated the formation of a single streamline of breast cancer cells in a microchannel with long and smooth edges. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization shows a high-quality fabricated channel. This proposed approach aligns with the ongoing efforts toward a versatile, flexible, and fast option for producing the diagnostic device.
{"title":"Rapid and Low-Cost Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices Using Liquid Crystal Display-Based 3D Printing","authors":"Yujie Shan, Praveen Sahu, R. Sundararajan, Huachao Mao","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microfluidic devices have been widely investigated for various applications, specifically in the biomedical field, which involve manipulating cells at a sub-micron scale. However, the conventional lithography process with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro-molding process (soft lithography) involves numerous steps demanding high-end equipment and a cleanroom fueling up the cost and making it a time-consuming process. This paper presents a low-cost yet versatile way to fabricate long microfluidic channels using liquid crystal display (LCD)-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing. The accuracy, resolution and repeatability of the printing process were characterized using various parameter settings.\u0000 We validated the developed process by 3D-printing four different microfluidic devices with 100 μm wide channels. Subsequently, we successfully demonstrated the formation of a single streamline of breast cancer cells in a microchannel with long and smooth edges. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization shows a high-quality fabricated channel. This proposed approach aligns with the ongoing efforts toward a versatile, flexible, and fast option for producing the diagnostic device.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl Upchurch, Xiaobo Peng, Lai Jiang, Jaejong Park
The demand for bolting components is expected to grow as fasteners remain a standard method of assembling parts. UNS N07718 is a Nickel-based chromium superalloy, which is the most popular grade of choice for its high yield strength. Forged UNS N07718 bolts of larger diameter have been growing in demand. In this paper, a non-conforming forging process for a 1.375″ N07718 hex flange bolt was analyzed. With the original design parameters, defects were detected at the base of the bolt hex during the post-processing inspection. To eliminate the defects in the bolts, finite element analysis (FEA) tool DEFORM Forming Express 3D was used to evaluate and optimize the design parameters of the bolt in the forging process. The quantitative and qualitative outputs of the FEA model were provided in the paper. Physical testing was performed using ASTM industry standards to validate the design configurations. The initial solution in this process has resulted in part failure. Re-evaluation of the process with gained knowledge results in a successful forging. Both failure and final solution were presented such that the lessons learned in the failure process may help understand both the advantages and disadvantages of applying FEA models.
{"title":"Optimization of Design Parameters for Large Diameter N07718 Hex Bolts in Hot Forging Using Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Carl Upchurch, Xiaobo Peng, Lai Jiang, Jaejong Park","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96919","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The demand for bolting components is expected to grow as fasteners remain a standard method of assembling parts. UNS N07718 is a Nickel-based chromium superalloy, which is the most popular grade of choice for its high yield strength. Forged UNS N07718 bolts of larger diameter have been growing in demand. In this paper, a non-conforming forging process for a 1.375″ N07718 hex flange bolt was analyzed. With the original design parameters, defects were detected at the base of the bolt hex during the post-processing inspection. To eliminate the defects in the bolts, finite element analysis (FEA) tool DEFORM Forming Express 3D was used to evaluate and optimize the design parameters of the bolt in the forging process. The quantitative and qualitative outputs of the FEA model were provided in the paper. Physical testing was performed using ASTM industry standards to validate the design configurations. The initial solution in this process has resulted in part failure. Re-evaluation of the process with gained knowledge results in a successful forging. Both failure and final solution were presented such that the lessons learned in the failure process may help understand both the advantages and disadvantages of applying FEA models.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114427078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miniaturization of the products is a field of interest that includes several conventional to advanced micro-manufacturing processes. Micro-forming is one of the processes among the other micro-manufacturing process, which is a well-suited technology capable of producing small metallic parts with better material properties. However, several limitations are required to be addressed. Present research work is focused on addressing the limitation of tool design for the tools used in forming process. In current work, a patterned tool is used to fabricate form-tools, using an Electric discharge machining process, which can be used in the micro-forming process. Machining involves the thermal energy transfer, which in turn alters the surface characteristics; therefore, surface roughness obtained after the machining process has been analyzed using the OFAT approach. Gap voltage (Gv), peak current (Pk), pulse-on (Ton), and pulse-off time (Toff) are considered for the analysis over the response, i.e. average surface roughness (Ra). Different patterns viz. Diamond and circular shapes were considered for study along with the design of the Tesla T45A single valve to analyze the applicability of the developed process to fabricate form tools with desired geometry. All the patterns were successfully obtained over the Inconel 718 alloy work material used in the present work.
{"title":"On Fabrication of Patterned Form-Tools Using the Chemically Etched-Tool Electrode","authors":"Tanmay Tiwari, A. Dvivedi, P. Kumar","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94879","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Miniaturization of the products is a field of interest that includes several conventional to advanced micro-manufacturing processes. Micro-forming is one of the processes among the other micro-manufacturing process, which is a well-suited technology capable of producing small metallic parts with better material properties. However, several limitations are required to be addressed. Present research work is focused on addressing the limitation of tool design for the tools used in forming process. In current work, a patterned tool is used to fabricate form-tools, using an Electric discharge machining process, which can be used in the micro-forming process. Machining involves the thermal energy transfer, which in turn alters the surface characteristics; therefore, surface roughness obtained after the machining process has been analyzed using the OFAT approach. Gap voltage (Gv), peak current (Pk), pulse-on (Ton), and pulse-off time (Toff) are considered for the analysis over the response, i.e. average surface roughness (Ra). Different patterns viz. Diamond and circular shapes were considered for study along with the design of the Tesla T45A single valve to analyze the applicability of the developed process to fabricate form tools with desired geometry. All the patterns were successfully obtained over the Inconel 718 alloy work material used in the present work.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114514272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the past several decades, additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) has attracted attention from different fields such as design, manufacturing, aerospace, robotics, construction, biomedical, or even the food industry. As 3D printing is transitioning from being just a prototyping capability in the product development process to a final product fabrication capability, there is a need to increase the knowledge of both regular and professional 3D printing users to enhance printing quality. This work has focused on understanding the effect of printing conditions on the final quality of 3D printed parts from both visual and strength aspects. Specifically, we have focused on print deposition angle, the number of shell walls, and retraction speed. Additionally, a micro-scale characterization is performed to better understand the behavior of 3D printing polymers under different relative humidities. It is found that the number of walls does not show any conclusive pattern on the quality and strength of the parts. However, if selected properly, retraction speed and deposition angle could improve the final quality. The most optimum printing condition with maximum ultimate tensile strength is to be with two shell walls, a retraction speed of 75 mm/s and 0 degrees angle of deposition. Additionally, it is found the lower relative humidity during the prints can enhance the strength of filament bonding.
{"title":"Quality Control Study on 3D Printed Parts","authors":"Brandon Jackson, K. Fouladi, B. Eslami","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-90251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-90251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 During the past several decades, additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) has attracted attention from different fields such as design, manufacturing, aerospace, robotics, construction, biomedical, or even the food industry. As 3D printing is transitioning from being just a prototyping capability in the product development process to a final product fabrication capability, there is a need to increase the knowledge of both regular and professional 3D printing users to enhance printing quality. This work has focused on understanding the effect of printing conditions on the final quality of 3D printed parts from both visual and strength aspects. Specifically, we have focused on print deposition angle, the number of shell walls, and retraction speed. Additionally, a micro-scale characterization is performed to better understand the behavior of 3D printing polymers under different relative humidities. It is found that the number of walls does not show any conclusive pattern on the quality and strength of the parts. However, if selected properly, retraction speed and deposition angle could improve the final quality. The most optimum printing condition with maximum ultimate tensile strength is to be with two shell walls, a retraction speed of 75 mm/s and 0 degrees angle of deposition. Additionally, it is found the lower relative humidity during the prints can enhance the strength of filament bonding.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125873904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ye, Xuedao Shu, Yiman Li, Haijie Xu, Jitai Wang, Y. Xia
This paper innovatively puts forward the integrated forming of shape and hole of hollow axle. For verifying the feasibility of this method, the integrated forming of hollow axle is simulated by finite element method, and the hollow axle with good forming quality is obtained. On this basis, the effects of feed angle of the disc roll on the wall thickness uniformity of the middle long shaft section are explored. In order to characterize the wall thickness uniformity of each shaft, eight longitudinal sections are taken on each long shaft section, the wall thickness variance of the longitudinal section is calculated, and then the average value of the wall thickness variance of the eight longitudinal sections is used to represent the uniformity of the long shaft section wall thickness. The simulation results show that with the increase of the feed angle of the disc roll, the wall thickness of the long shaft section becomes more uneven, but the increase of the feed angle of the disc roll will improve the rolling efficiency; This paper expounds the influence law of feed angle on the wall thickness uniformity of hollow axle with integrated forming, which provides a theoretical basis for realizing the short and accurate forming of hollow axle.
{"title":"Effect of Process Parameters on Wall Thickness Uniformity of Integrated Forming of Hollow Axle","authors":"C. Ye, Xuedao Shu, Yiman Li, Haijie Xu, Jitai Wang, Y. Xia","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-93985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93985","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper innovatively puts forward the integrated forming of shape and hole of hollow axle. For verifying the feasibility of this method, the integrated forming of hollow axle is simulated by finite element method, and the hollow axle with good forming quality is obtained. On this basis, the effects of feed angle of the disc roll on the wall thickness uniformity of the middle long shaft section are explored. In order to characterize the wall thickness uniformity of each shaft, eight longitudinal sections are taken on each long shaft section, the wall thickness variance of the longitudinal section is calculated, and then the average value of the wall thickness variance of the eight longitudinal sections is used to represent the uniformity of the long shaft section wall thickness. The simulation results show that with the increase of the feed angle of the disc roll, the wall thickness of the long shaft section becomes more uneven, but the increase of the feed angle of the disc roll will improve the rolling efficiency; This paper expounds the influence law of feed angle on the wall thickness uniformity of hollow axle with integrated forming, which provides a theoretical basis for realizing the short and accurate forming of hollow axle.","PeriodicalId":141381,"journal":{"name":"Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134358809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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