This paper will discuss the application of statistical modeling to interpret a health system crisis in Sri Lanka caused by Covid-19. A strong focus on the preventive approach and contact tracing, with the utilization of available resources in a rational manner, describes Sri Lanka’s response to the prevention and mitigation of Covid-19. The early contact tracing, pre-emptive quarantining, isolation, and treatment were implemented as a concerted effort. This approach, proven efficient during the early phase of the pandemic, was sustainable until the rapid increase in Covid-19 patients in July 2021, exceeding the health system’s capacity. The country’s Covid-19 situation during the period from 01st of August 2021 to 31st of October 2021 was taken into consideration. Variables used for analysis were: the total number of cases, recovered cases, comorbid and O2 dependent patients, ICU patients, and deaths. The regression model was applied to analyze the data using the EViews 12 (x64) software application. The correlation coefficients of all the independent variables under consideration imply that they have a strong positive relationship with the number of deaths that occurred during the said period.
{"title":"Application of Statistical Modelling to Interpret a Health System Crisis in Sri Lanka due to COVID-19","authors":"I. Karunathilake, M. Amarasiri, Anver Hamdani","doi":"10.51595/injhsr221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr221","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the application of statistical modeling to interpret a health system crisis in Sri Lanka caused by Covid-19. A strong focus on the preventive approach and contact tracing, with the utilization of available resources in a rational manner, describes Sri Lanka’s response to the prevention and mitigation of Covid-19. The early contact tracing, pre-emptive quarantining, isolation, and treatment were implemented as a concerted effort. This approach, proven efficient during the early phase of the pandemic, was sustainable until the rapid increase in Covid-19 patients in July 2021, exceeding the health system’s capacity. The country’s Covid-19 situation during the period from 01st of August 2021 to 31st of October 2021 was taken into consideration. Variables used for analysis were: the total number of cases, recovered cases, comorbid and O2 dependent patients, ICU patients, and deaths. The regression model was applied to analyze the data using the EViews 12 (x64) software application. The correlation coefficients of all the independent variables under consideration imply that they have a strong positive relationship with the number of deaths that occurred during the said period.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131317398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Fernando, B.A.H.M. Gunasena, Saman Yapa, D. Dharmagunawardene, L. Panapitiya
Timely available quality health information obtained through the regular monitoring systems to monitor the COVID-19 situation in the hospitals is essential to curtail any outbreak of infectious diseases. The main objective of this project was to collect heath information updated regularly through a web-based system in order to assess the readiness to face the 3rd wave of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. The Hospital Information Updating System (Henceforth referred to as HIUS) was established on 25th May 2021 and an updated report has been created daily since the 1st of June 2021 in order to collect information pertaining to the management of COVID-19. According to the results, all secondary and tertiary care hospitals daily updating their information to the system. According to the 14/06/2021 dashboard, 108 ICU beds, 351 HDU beds and 1868 normal beds were occupied by Covid positive patients. At present, satisfactory number of vacant beds are being maintaining in the government hospitals of Sri Lanka for any future requirement.
{"title":"Establishment of a Hospital Information Updating System (HIUS) to Augment Hospital Readiness for the 3rd Wave of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka","authors":"G. Fernando, B.A.H.M. Gunasena, Saman Yapa, D. Dharmagunawardene, L. Panapitiya","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/009","url":null,"abstract":"Timely available quality health information obtained through the regular monitoring systems to monitor the COVID-19 situation in the hospitals is essential to curtail any outbreak of infectious diseases. The main objective of this project was to collect heath information updated regularly through a web-based system in order to assess the readiness to face the 3rd wave of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka. The Hospital Information Updating System (Henceforth referred to as HIUS) was established on 25th May 2021 and an updated report has been created daily since the 1st of June 2021 in order to collect information pertaining to the management of COVID-19. According to the results, all secondary and tertiary care hospitals daily updating their information to the system. According to the 14/06/2021 dashboard, 108 ICU beds, 351 HDU beds and 1868 normal beds were occupied by Covid positive patients. At present, satisfactory number of vacant beds are being maintaining in the government hospitals of Sri Lanka for any future requirement.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121105136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As per the infectious nature of COVID-19, a safe mode of transport for infected patients to and from the quarantine centers to their residence is required. In the Sri Lankan context, a government funded Ambulances are used to ferry such patients. As such, this case study aims to calculate the average transport cost for Covid patient transport in Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Recurrent Cost of Transferring COVID-19 Patients Using an Ambulance: A Case Study from Sri Lanka","authors":"G. Fernando","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/005","url":null,"abstract":"As per the infectious nature of COVID-19, a safe mode of transport for infected patients to and from the quarantine centers to their residence is required. In the Sri Lankan context, a government funded Ambulances are used to ferry such patients. As such, this case study aims to calculate the average transport cost for Covid patient transport in Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127641436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective communication of health messages is essential in public health. Public health messaging must include accurate information and be available in different languages, specifically when designing health communications products for immigrant and refugee populations. Using in-depth interviews, this paper examines the methods that public health professionals use to evaluate the effectiveness of the health messages that they create for immigrants and refugees. Participants recognized the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of health messages as well as the difficulty of conducting an effective evaluation due to the lack of tools and resources for evaluation. Some public health professionals use different methods such as pre- and post-surveys, direct feedback, online feedback, and feedback through community liaisons. The results also suggest that many organizations do not prioritize the evaluation of the effectiveness of health messages when programs are being developed and many public health professionals are not trained to conduct evaluations. There is a pressing need to create a framework for the evaluation of the effectiveness of health messages that public health professionals who create public health communication products and messages for immigrant and refugee populations can use.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Health Messaging in the Immigrant and Refugee Community in Minnesota","authors":"Wema Sabrina","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/008","url":null,"abstract":"Effective communication of health messages is essential in public health. Public health messaging must include accurate information and be available in different languages, specifically when designing health communications products for immigrant and refugee populations. Using in-depth interviews, this paper examines the methods that public health professionals use to evaluate the effectiveness of the health messages that they create for immigrants and refugees. Participants recognized the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of health messages as well as the difficulty of conducting an effective evaluation due to the lack of tools and resources for evaluation. Some public health professionals use different methods such as pre- and post-surveys, direct feedback, online feedback, and feedback through community liaisons. The results also suggest that many organizations do not prioritize the evaluation of the effectiveness of health messages when programs are being developed and many public health professionals are not trained to conduct evaluations. There is a pressing need to create a framework for the evaluation of the effectiveness of health messages that public health professionals who create public health communication products and messages for immigrant and refugee populations can use.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125970797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Fernando, B. Gunasena, A.S. Yapa Bandara, L. Panapitiya
According to the World Health Organization, the critically ill patients of SARS-CoV-2 require mechanical ventilation as the virus (henceforth referred to as COVID-19), through a variety of mechanisms, disrupt the capacity for oxygenation of the infected. The availability of Oxygen for patients through mechanical means is thus an essential means of treatment, required for the effective management of COVID 19. Ergo, it is understood that all the COVID 19 treatment centers should equipped with pulse oxygen meters and a functioning oxygen supply system including single use oxygen delivery interfaces. In the Sri Lankan context however, the correct number of the available equipment list was not available in the databases of Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. It is understood that the availability of a database of essential equipment is essential as it allows policy makers to make effective decisions and prescribe actions by assessing the readiness of medical institutions in facing the pandemic. As such, the aforementioned Ministry and the Deputy Director General Medical (DDG) MS 1) collected information on essential medical equipment in each relevant institute through a web-based system. The objective of this assessment was to collect information of medical equipment related to the efficient and effective management of COVID 19 patients of Government Hospitals. This assessment collected data only from the State of Sri Lanka, and as such, the subsequent terms Ministry of Health and Government Hospitals refer to the Ministry of Health Sri Lanka, and Government Hospitals in Sri Lanka, unless stated otherwise.
{"title":"Assessment of Island Wide Distribution and Requirement of Biomedical Equipment for COVID-19 Case Management in Government Hospitals of Sri Lanka","authors":"George Fernando, B. Gunasena, A.S. Yapa Bandara, L. Panapitiya","doi":"10.51595/22/22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/22/22","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, the critically ill patients of SARS-CoV-2 require mechanical ventilation as the virus (henceforth referred to as COVID-19), through a variety of mechanisms, disrupt the capacity for oxygenation of the infected. The availability of Oxygen for patients through mechanical means is thus an essential means of treatment, required for the effective management of COVID 19. Ergo, it is understood that all the COVID 19 treatment centers should equipped with pulse oxygen meters and a functioning oxygen supply system including single use oxygen delivery interfaces. In the Sri Lankan context however, the correct number of the available equipment list was not available in the databases of Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. It is understood that the availability of a database of essential equipment is essential as it allows policy makers to make effective decisions and prescribe actions by assessing the readiness of medical institutions in facing the pandemic. As such, the aforementioned Ministry and the Deputy Director General Medical (DDG) MS 1) collected information on essential medical equipment in each relevant institute through a web-based system. The objective of this assessment was to collect information of medical equipment related to the efficient and effective management of COVID 19 patients of Government Hospitals. This assessment collected data only from the State of Sri Lanka, and as such, the subsequent terms Ministry of Health and Government Hospitals refer to the Ministry of Health Sri Lanka, and Government Hospitals in Sri Lanka, unless stated otherwise.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125310640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors of this paper understand the term Health System to be the collection of elements (people, institutions, and resources) that contribute toward the health of individuals and communities, arrived at by the marriage of the normative definitions of Health and System. The World Health Organization developed a Health Systems Framework that includes six building blocks: service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership/governance. Each building block with its corresponding influence on health outcomes, is additionally influenced by contextual factors from the built and natural environments and society. This paper explores the potential for geospatial technology to strengthen health systems using an adaptation and expansion of the WHO Health System Framework. Geospatial technology has been used widely to collect, process, analyze, and visualize location-based data for many industries, including health. Even so, the COVID-19 pandemic inspired rapid increased uptake of this technology in the health care community. The objective of this work was to review new and existing geospatial apps and solutions, developed by the global leader in geospatial technology ESRI, as prospective tools for supporting health system strengthening.
{"title":"Geospatial Technology for Health System Strengthening","authors":"Novil Wijesekara","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/011","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of this paper understand the term Health System to be the collection of elements (people, institutions, and resources) that contribute toward the health of individuals and communities, arrived at by the marriage of the normative definitions of Health and System. The World Health Organization developed a Health Systems Framework that includes six building blocks: service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership/governance. Each building block with its corresponding influence on health outcomes, is additionally influenced by contextual factors from the built and natural environments and society. This paper explores the potential for geospatial technology to strengthen health systems using an adaptation and expansion of the WHO Health System Framework. Geospatial technology has been used widely to collect, process, analyze, and visualize location-based data for many industries, including health. Even so, the COVID-19 pandemic inspired rapid increased uptake of this technology in the health care community. The objective of this work was to review new and existing geospatial apps and solutions, developed by the global leader in geospatial technology ESRI, as prospective tools for supporting health system strengthening.","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115133675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nigeria: Reproductive Health Landscape, bottlenecks and Road to Improvement","authors":"N. Ali","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125964006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Fernando, B. Gunasena, A.S. Yapa Bandara, D. Dharmagunawardene, L. Panapitiya
{"title":"Way forward for Curative Care Management of COVID-19 patients in the 3rd wave in Sri Lanka","authors":"G. Fernando, B. Gunasena, A.S. Yapa Bandara, D. Dharmagunawardene, L. Panapitiya","doi":"10.51595/injhsr22/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51595/injhsr22/006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141517,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Systems Resilience","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134235537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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