Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.019
Victor Stoica
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Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.009
Victor Stoica
{"title":"Restitution in Kind","authors":"Victor Stoica","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-07DOI: 10.1017/9781108265188.016
A. Kronman
When a right is protected by a rule of this sort, one who appropriates it without the owner's permission will always be subject to a special sanction-typically, a fine or imprisonment.' If a right is protected by a liability rule, in contrast, a non-owner who unilaterally appropriates it need only compensate the owner, after the taking, for any loss the owner suffers. The compensatory amount which a nonowner must pay for taking a right protected by a liability rule is set by a representative of the state rather than by the owner of the right in a voluntary transaction between owner and taker. Calabresi and Melamed attempt to explain why some legal entitlements are protected by a property rule and others by a liability rule. They suggest that in certain cases the cost of negotiating the voluntary transfer of a right may be sufficiently high to frustrate the transfer. Where this is so, a property rule, which is intended to encourage transfers of this sort, is likely to promote an inefficient allocation of resources. This point is illustrated by automobile accidents and pollution torts. In both cases, a voluntary transfer of entitlements is almost certain to be prohibitively expensive: in the case of an automobile accident because of the cost of identifying the victim beforehand, and in the case of pollution torts because of free-
{"title":"Specific Performance","authors":"A. Kronman","doi":"10.1017/9781108265188.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108265188.016","url":null,"abstract":"When a right is protected by a rule of this sort, one who appropriates it without the owner's permission will always be subject to a special sanction-typically, a fine or imprisonment.' If a right is protected by a liability rule, in contrast, a non-owner who unilaterally appropriates it need only compensate the owner, after the taking, for any loss the owner suffers. The compensatory amount which a nonowner must pay for taking a right protected by a liability rule is set by a representative of the state rather than by the owner of the right in a voluntary transaction between owner and taker. Calabresi and Melamed attempt to explain why some legal entitlements are protected by a property rule and others by a liability rule. They suggest that in certain cases the cost of negotiating the voluntary transfer of a right may be sufficiently high to frustrate the transfer. Where this is so, a property rule, which is intended to encourage transfers of this sort, is likely to promote an inefficient allocation of resources. This point is illustrated by automobile accidents and pollution torts. In both cases, a voluntary transfer of entitlements is almost certain to be prohibitively expensive: in the case of an automobile accident because of the cost of identifying the victim beforehand, and in the case of pollution torts because of free-","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127950480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jurisdiction","authors":"A. Gillespíe","doi":"10.21552/eplr/2019/1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21552/eplr/2019/1/11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132423703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.024
{"title":"Judgments of the International Court of Justice in the Cases Submitted through Unilateral Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122190016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.008
{"title":"Cessation, Assurances and Guarantees of Non-repetition","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115523518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.018
{"title":"Judgments of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Cases Submitted through Special Agreements","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126173003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.021
{"title":"Requests Submitted before the International Court of Justice through Special Agreements","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128018772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.022
{"title":"Judgments of the International Court of Justice in the Cases Submitted through Special Agreements","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123594372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108855006.020
{"title":"Judgments of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the Cases Submitted through Unilateral Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108855006.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108855006.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142073,"journal":{"name":"Remedies before the International Court of Justice","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129538842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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