Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513552651.087
Nicolás Arregui, Ruo Chen, C. Ebeke, Jan-Martin Frie, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Dora M Iakova, Andreas M. Jobst, Louise Rabier, J. Roaf, A. Shabunina, S. Weber
This paper discusses sectoral policies needed to achieve the ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets announced in the European Union’s Green Deal, complementing the companion paper “EU Climate Mitigation Policy”, which focuses on broader EU-level policies. With total emissions nearly a quarter below their 1990 level, the EU has made important progress, but the new goals will require much stronger policy action. Moreover, progress has varied across sectors. Emissions from power and industry have fallen by about a third, buildings by a quarter and agriculture by a fifth – while transport emissions have risen. This paper argues that this divergence reflects differences in effective carbon prices, but also cost differences among the available abatement channels, market imperfections, and policy gaps. It discusses specific sectoral policies needed to address these factors and achieve the new emissions reduction goals.
{"title":"Sectoral Policies for Climate Change Mitigation in the EU","authors":"Nicolás Arregui, Ruo Chen, C. Ebeke, Jan-Martin Frie, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Dora M Iakova, Andreas M. Jobst, Louise Rabier, J. Roaf, A. Shabunina, S. Weber","doi":"10.5089/9781513552651.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513552651.087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses sectoral policies needed to achieve the ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets announced in the European Union’s Green Deal, complementing the companion paper “EU Climate Mitigation Policy”, which focuses on broader EU-level policies. With total emissions nearly a quarter below their 1990 level, the EU has made important progress, but the new goals will require much stronger policy action. Moreover, progress has varied across sectors. Emissions from power and industry have fallen by about a third, buildings by a quarter and agriculture by a fifth – while transport emissions have risen. This paper argues that this divergence reflects differences in effective carbon prices, but also cost differences among the available abatement channels, market imperfections, and policy gaps. It discusses specific sectoral policies needed to address these factors and achieve the new emissions reduction goals.","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117259125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513550558.087
Gabriel Di Bella, P. Topalova, Keiko Honjo, Andreas M. Jobst, Raju Huidrom, S. Sola, Kamil Dybczak, Anil Ari, Ezgi O. Ozturk, Nemanja Jovanovic, Vizhdan Boranova, D. Bartolini, Michelle Stone, Laura Papi
{"title":"Infrastructure in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe","authors":"Gabriel Di Bella, P. Topalova, Keiko Honjo, Andreas M. Jobst, Raju Huidrom, S. Sola, Kamil Dybczak, Anil Ari, Ezgi O. Ozturk, Nemanja Jovanovic, Vizhdan Boranova, D. Bartolini, Michelle Stone, Laura Papi","doi":"10.5089/9781513550558.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513550558.087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122061645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513552569.087
Jiaqian Chen, M. Chepeliev, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Dora M Iakova, J. Roaf, A. Shabunina, D. Mensbrugghe, Philippe Wingender
This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the choice of policies to reach the more ambitious 2030 emission reduction goals currently under consideration. It provides an analysis of the macroeconomic and distributional impacts of different options to scale up the mitigation effort, and proposes enhancements to the existing EU policies. A key finding is that a well-designed package, consisting of more extensive carbon pricing across EU countries and sectors, combined with cuts in distortionary taxes and targeted green investment support, would allow the EU to reach the emission goals with practically no effects on aggregate income. To enhance the social and political acceptance of climate policies, part of the revenue from carbon pricing should be used to compensate the most vulnerable households and to support the transition of workers to greener jobs. A carbon border adjustment mechanism could complement the package to avoid an increase in emissions outside the EU due to higher carbon prices in the EU (“carbon leakage”). From a risk-reward perspective, the benefits of reducing the risk of extreme life-threatening climate events and the health benefits from lower air pollution clearly outweigh the costs of mitigation policies.
{"title":"EU Climate Mitigation Policy","authors":"Jiaqian Chen, M. Chepeliev, Daniel Garcia-Macia, Dora M Iakova, J. Roaf, A. Shabunina, D. Mensbrugghe, Philippe Wingender","doi":"10.5089/9781513552569.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513552569.087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the choice of policies to reach the more ambitious 2030 emission reduction goals currently under consideration. It provides an analysis of the macroeconomic and distributional impacts of different options to scale up the mitigation effort, and proposes enhancements to the existing EU policies. A key finding is that a well-designed package, consisting of more extensive carbon pricing across EU countries and sectors, combined with cuts in distortionary taxes and targeted green investment support, would allow the EU to reach the emission goals with practically no effects on aggregate income. To enhance the social and political acceptance of climate policies, part of the revenue from carbon pricing should be used to compensate the most vulnerable households and to support the transition of workers to greener jobs. A carbon border adjustment mechanism could complement the package to avoid an increase in emissions outside the EU due to higher carbon prices in the EU (“carbon leakage”). From a risk-reward perspective, the benefits of reducing the risk of extreme life-threatening climate events and the health benefits from lower air pollution clearly outweigh the costs of mitigation policies.","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130035403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513560120.087
Koshy Mathai
{"title":"Social Spending for Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia","authors":"Koshy Mathai","doi":"10.5089/9781513560120.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513560120.087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121113991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513553115.087
Koshy Mathai, Christoph K. Duenwald, Anastasia Guscina, Rayah Al-Farah, H. Bukhari, A. Chaudry, M. El-Said, Fozan Fareed, Kerstin Gerling, Nghia-Piotr Le, Franto Ricka, C. Serra, T. Sydorenko, Sébastien E. J. Walker, M. Zaher
This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?
{"title":"Social Spending for Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and Central Asia","authors":"Koshy Mathai, Christoph K. Duenwald, Anastasia Guscina, Rayah Al-Farah, H. Bukhari, A. Chaudry, M. El-Said, Fozan Fareed, Kerstin Gerling, Nghia-Piotr Le, Franto Ricka, C. Serra, T. Sydorenko, Sébastien E. J. Walker, M. Zaher","doi":"10.5089/9781513553115.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513553115.087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of social spending in improving socioeconomic outcomes in the Middle East and Central Asia. In particular, it addresses the following questions: (1) how large is social spending across the region? (2) how do countries in the region fare on socioeconomic outcomes? (3) how important is social spending as a determinant of these outcomes? and (4) how efficient is social spending in the region?","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131210170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513551371.087
Laure Redifer, Emre Alper, Monique Newiak, Tunc Gursoy, Neil Meads, Samson Kwalingana, Alun Thomas
{"title":"The Development Path Less Traveled","authors":"Laure Redifer, Emre Alper, Monique Newiak, Tunc Gursoy, Neil Meads, Samson Kwalingana, Alun Thomas","doi":"10.5089/9781513551371.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513551371.087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133461720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.5089/9781513512242.087.A001
R. Sahay, U. Allmen, Amina Lahreche, Purva Khera, Sumiko Ogawa, Majid Bazarbash, K. Beaton
Technology is changing the landscape of the financial sector, increasing access to financial services in profound ways. These changes have been in motion for several years, affecting nearly all countries in the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technology has created new opportunities for digital financial services to accelerate and enhance financial inclusion, amid social distancing and containment measures. At the same time, the risks emerging prior to COVID-19, as digital financial services developed, are becoming even more relevant.
{"title":"The Promise of Fintech","authors":"R. Sahay, U. Allmen, Amina Lahreche, Purva Khera, Sumiko Ogawa, Majid Bazarbash, K. Beaton","doi":"10.5089/9781513512242.087.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513512242.087.A001","url":null,"abstract":"Technology is changing the landscape of the financial sector, increasing access to financial services in profound ways. These changes have been in motion for several years, affecting nearly all countries in the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technology has created new opportunities for digital financial services to accelerate and enhance financial inclusion, amid social distancing and containment measures. At the same time, the risks emerging prior to COVID-19, as digital financial services developed, are becoming even more relevant.","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130396879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5089/9781484389843.087
A. Kireyev
{"title":"Economic Integration in the Maghreb","authors":"A. Kireyev","doi":"10.5089/9781484389843.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484389843.087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"124 33","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113940067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.5089/9781484396964.087
Nicolas R Blancher
{"title":"Financial Inclusion of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Middle East and Central Asia","authors":"Nicolas R Blancher","doi":"10.5089/9781484396964.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484396964.087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142326,"journal":{"name":"Departmental Papers","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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