Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-017
Yaron Malkowsky, Anna K. Ostendorf, N. V. Gessel, Long Nguyen, D. Lang, A. Menges, A. Roth-Nebelsick, R. Reski
origin of species has molded our understanding of the worldwide diversity of species (biodiversity) in the same way as Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Although Darwin was not the first to tackle this question in his studies, his work—for the first time—presented a comprehensive and well-founded approach that explains the underlying mechanisms of evolution. Based on the observations he made during his research trips, and his work on the biological materials collected and the fossils found on these trips, Darwin established the basic pillars of his theory, which he published in 1859. Fossils reflect the continuing changes occurring in nature. They make it possible for us to draw conclusions about shared ancestors within lineages. Evolution is a process in which species evolve from their ancestors in small steps. Darwin described the force driving evolution as natural selection. Changes viable in the predominant environmental conditions. However, for new species to become established, they need to go through a process of reproductive, behavioral-biology, seasonal, geographic, or genetic isolation within a group of individuals of a species, what is termed a population. Over the course of the 20th century, Darwin’s theory of evolution was expanded by the field of genetics. The theory was further underpinned by the advent of population genetics, by the discovery of DNA1 as the carrier of genetic information, and, lastly, by the development of scientific methods in molecular biology and bioinformatics. Evolutive approaches to explorative design methods in architecture
{"title":"Evolutive approaches to explorative design methods in architecture","authors":"Yaron Malkowsky, Anna K. Ostendorf, N. V. Gessel, Long Nguyen, D. Lang, A. Menges, A. Roth-Nebelsick, R. Reski","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-017","url":null,"abstract":"origin of species has molded our understanding of the worldwide diversity of species (biodiversity) in the same way as Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. Although Darwin was not the first to tackle this question in his studies, his work—for the first time—presented a comprehensive and well-founded approach that explains the underlying mechanisms of evolution. Based on the observations he made during his research trips, and his work on the biological materials collected and the fossils found on these trips, Darwin established the basic pillars of his theory, which he published in 1859. Fossils reflect the continuing changes occurring in nature. They make it possible for us to draw conclusions about shared ancestors within lineages. Evolution is a process in which species evolve from their ancestors in small steps. Darwin described the force driving evolution as natural selection. Changes viable in the predominant environmental conditions. However, for new species to become established, they need to go through a process of reproductive, behavioral-biology, seasonal, geographic, or genetic isolation within a group of individuals of a species, what is termed a population. Over the course of the 20th century, Darwin’s theory of evolution was expanded by the field of genetics. The theory was further underpinned by the advent of population genetics, by the discovery of DNA1 as the carrier of genetic information, and, lastly, by the development of scientific methods in molecular biology and bioinformatics. Evolutive approaches to explorative design methods in architecture","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-025
{"title":"Appendix","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116998792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-015
Tobias Schwinn, Daniel Sonntag, Tobias B. Grun, J. Nebelsick, J. Knippers, A. Menges
{"title":"Potential applications of segmented shells in architecture","authors":"Tobias Schwinn, Daniel Sonntag, Tobias B. Grun, J. Nebelsick, J. Knippers, A. Menges","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130174484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-009
Stefanie Schmier, Georg Bold, Gerald Buck, K. Klang, C. Lauer, N. Toader, Oliver Gericke, W. Haase, I. Schäfer, S. Schmauder, W. Sobek, K. Nickel, T. Speck
{"title":"Reliably Withstanding High Loads","authors":"Stefanie Schmier, Georg Bold, Gerald Buck, K. Klang, C. Lauer, N. Toader, Oliver Gericke, W. Haase, I. Schäfer, S. Schmauder, W. Sobek, K. Nickel, T. Speck","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"26 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122342759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-021
Buğra Özdemir, Pouyan Asgharzadeh, A. Birkhold, O. Röhrle, R. Reski
152. But they can also change their shape, that is, they can grow and divide. For a long time it was not known what causes these changes, what structure gives the organelles their shape, and what is responsible for changes in that shape. We biologists were able to demonstrate that the chloroplasts of a moss, the spreading earthmoss (Physcomitrella patens), contain five different so-called FtsZ proteins. When we mark these FtsZ proteins using genetic methods by attaching the bright-green fluorescing GFP protein, microscopic images reveal protein filaments and networks 153. It is noticeable that each FtsZ protein is characterized by a pattern that is different from the other four. These patterns are reminiscent of the cell skeleton that occurs in the cytoplasm of every higher cell (eukaryotic cell), giving it its shape and helping it to change its form. For this reason we proposed the analogous term “plastid skeleton” for these FtsZ filaments in the chloroplasts. Microbiologists have been able to demonstrate that similar cell skeletons occur in bacteria, determining their shape and triggering division. Here too, an FtsZ protein is involved. When this is mutated in bacteria, they take on the shape of a thread at certain temperatures. This is also where the abbreviation FtsZ comes from: filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z. This finding is particularly exciting from the point of view of evolution, because the chloroplasts of plants evolved from bacteria about one and a half billion years ago. We can therefore surmise that the FtsZ molecules of bacteria are similar to those of chloroplasts not only in their composition and sequence but also in their function. In this research project, biologists from Freiburg University and engineers from Stuttgart University have got together in order to uncover the secrets of the plastid skeleton in mosses. This is very challenging, because the structures investigated The plastid skeleton: a source of ideas in the nano range
{"title":"The plastid skeleton: a source of ideas in the nano range","authors":"Buğra Özdemir, Pouyan Asgharzadeh, A. Birkhold, O. Röhrle, R. Reski","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-021","url":null,"abstract":"152. But they can also change their shape, that is, they can grow and divide. For a long time it was not known what causes these changes, what structure gives the organelles their shape, and what is responsible for changes in that shape. We biologists were able to demonstrate that the chloroplasts of a moss, the spreading earthmoss (Physcomitrella patens), contain five different so-called FtsZ proteins. When we mark these FtsZ proteins using genetic methods by attaching the bright-green fluorescing GFP protein, microscopic images reveal protein filaments and networks 153. It is noticeable that each FtsZ protein is characterized by a pattern that is different from the other four. These patterns are reminiscent of the cell skeleton that occurs in the cytoplasm of every higher cell (eukaryotic cell), giving it its shape and helping it to change its form. For this reason we proposed the analogous term “plastid skeleton” for these FtsZ filaments in the chloroplasts. Microbiologists have been able to demonstrate that similar cell skeletons occur in bacteria, determining their shape and triggering division. Here too, an FtsZ protein is involved. When this is mutated in bacteria, they take on the shape of a thread at certain temperatures. This is also where the abbreviation FtsZ comes from: filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z. This finding is particularly exciting from the point of view of evolution, because the chloroplasts of plants evolved from bacteria about one and a half billion years ago. We can therefore surmise that the FtsZ molecules of bacteria are similar to those of chloroplasts not only in their composition and sequence but also in their function. In this research project, biologists from Freiburg University and engineers from Stuttgart University have got together in order to uncover the secrets of the plastid skeleton in mosses. This is very challenging, because the structures investigated The plastid skeleton: a source of ideas in the nano range","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-014
Tobias B. Grun, M. V. Scheven, F. Geiger, Tobias Schwinn, Daniel Sonntag, M. Bischoff, J. Knippers, A. Menges, J. Nebelsick
{"title":"Building principles and structural design of sea urchins: examples of bio-inspired constructions","authors":"Tobias B. Grun, M. V. Scheven, F. Geiger, Tobias Schwinn, Daniel Sonntag, M. Bischoff, J. Knippers, A. Menges, J. Nebelsick","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132732083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-020
Florian A. Jonas, L. Born, C. Möhl, Linnea Hesse, K. Bunk, T. Masselter, T. Speck, G. Gresser, J. Knippers
{"title":"New branched loadbearing structures in architecture","authors":"Florian A. Jonas, L. Born, C. Möhl, Linnea Hesse, K. Bunk, T. Masselter, T. Speck, G. Gresser, J. Knippers","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130330979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-012
D. Kovaleva, Oliver Gericke, F. Wulle, Pascal Mindermann, W. Sobek, A. Verl, G. Gresser
{"title":"Rosenstein Pavilion: a lightweight concrete shell based on principles of biological structures","authors":"D. Kovaleva, Oliver Gericke, F. Wulle, Pascal Mindermann, W. Sobek, A. Verl, G. Gresser","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128310464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1515/9783035617917-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783035617917-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783035617917-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142538,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics for Architecture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124911463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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