Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00400-8
Rebecca L. Smith, David Lusseau
Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly because of agrarian and urban expansions, are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Paraguay is predicted to lose all its primary moist forests by 2028. The most endangered habitat in Paraguay is the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest (BAAPA), which has been decimated by industrial agriculture in the past 60 years. The hooded capuchin ( Sapajus cay ) is the best-known Paraguayan primate and the only species mostly restricted to the remaining BAAPA. We used local (defined as people living in Paraguay) knowledge about the known presence of the species in a habitat fragment to assess whether species’ presence was associated with forest cover in fragments by using a binomial general linear model (GLM). Using the results of the GLM, we then assessed how forest cover changed through the hooded capuchin range and its predicted range in Paraguay using Global ForestWatch forest cover prediction for 2000 to 2019. The GLM showed that the presence of hooded capuchins required predominance of forest cover with the monkey being 80% likely to be present for 56% cover and 90% for 70% cover. The capuchin has lost 23% of highly suitable habitat across its whole range and 58% in Paraguay. Suitable habitat for hooded capuchin monkeys is, therefore, decreasing across the full extent of the species. In Paraguay, the remaining habitat is being fragmented and degraded and distance between fragments is increasing. Because the situation in Paraguay is critical, we recommend that the capuchin is classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List at a national level under criterion B1, b(i), b(ii), and b(iii). Predictions across the species range warrant at least a classification of Near Threatened for the species. These results demonstrate that the conservation situation faced by a primate species can differ greatly depending on local, national, and range wide political and social situations. Therefore, we recommend that national assessments are performed for species that are found in multiple countries in order to gain a true picture of threats a species faces.
{"title":"The Hooded Capuchin Monkey (Sapajus cay) is Vulnerable in Paraguay and at Least Near Threatened Globally According to Red List Criteria","authors":"Rebecca L. Smith, David Lusseau","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00400-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00400-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Habitat loss and fragmentation, particularly because of agrarian and urban expansions, are threatening biodiversity worldwide. Paraguay is predicted to lose all its primary moist forests by 2028. The most endangered habitat in Paraguay is the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest (BAAPA), which has been decimated by industrial agriculture in the past 60 years. The hooded capuchin ( Sapajus cay ) is the best-known Paraguayan primate and the only species mostly restricted to the remaining BAAPA. We used local (defined as people living in Paraguay) knowledge about the known presence of the species in a habitat fragment to assess whether species’ presence was associated with forest cover in fragments by using a binomial general linear model (GLM). Using the results of the GLM, we then assessed how forest cover changed through the hooded capuchin range and its predicted range in Paraguay using Global ForestWatch forest cover prediction for 2000 to 2019. The GLM showed that the presence of hooded capuchins required predominance of forest cover with the monkey being 80% likely to be present for 56% cover and 90% for 70% cover. The capuchin has lost 23% of highly suitable habitat across its whole range and 58% in Paraguay. Suitable habitat for hooded capuchin monkeys is, therefore, decreasing across the full extent of the species. In Paraguay, the remaining habitat is being fragmented and degraded and distance between fragments is increasing. Because the situation in Paraguay is critical, we recommend that the capuchin is classified as Vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List at a national level under criterion B1, b(i), b(ii), and b(iii). Predictions across the species range warrant at least a classification of Near Threatened for the species. These results demonstrate that the conservation situation faced by a primate species can differ greatly depending on local, national, and range wide political and social situations. Therefore, we recommend that national assessments are performed for species that are found in multiple countries in order to gain a true picture of threats a species faces.","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00403-5
Inna Y. Golubeva, Dmitrii L. Tikhonravov, Tamara G. Kuznetsova
{"title":"Different Cognitive Strategies for Determining Common Image Features in Other Primates and Preschool Children","authors":"Inna Y. Golubeva, Dmitrii L. Tikhonravov, Tamara G. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00403-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00403-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00401-7
Dereje Yazezew, Afework Bekele, Peter J. Fashing, Nga Nguyen, Hussein Ibrahim, Amera Moges, Timothy M. Eppley, Addisu Mekonnen
{"title":"Feeding Ecology of Omo River Guerezas (Colobus guereza guereza) in Natural Versus Plantation Forests in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Yazezew, Afework Bekele, Peter J. Fashing, Nga Nguyen, Hussein Ibrahim, Amera Moges, Timothy M. Eppley, Addisu Mekonnen","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00401-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00401-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00399-y
J. Whitehouse, P. R. Clark, J. Micheletta, K. Liebal, K. E. Slocombe, B. M. Waller
Abstract Pseudoreplication is the statistical error of collecting numerous datapoints from a single unit (such as an individual), which are not independent, and applying statistical methods that assume independence of data. Importantly, pseudoreplication increases the chances of Type 1 errors (i.e., false positives), bringing findings and conclusions based on pseudoreplicated analyses into question. Ten years ago, Waller et al. (2013) published a paper highlighting the prevalence of statistical pseudoreplication throughout the nonhuman primate communication literature. In this current study, we examined the literature published since the original publication (between 2009 and 2020; 348 papers) to assess whether pseudoreplication is still as widespread as it was, if it has become more problematic, or if the field is beginning to overcome this issue. We find that there has been a significant decrease in pseudoreplication over the past ten years (38.6% then, compared with 23.0% now). This reduction in pseudoreplication appears to be associated with an increase in the use of multilevel models throughout primatology (which allow for nonindependent data to be nested appropriately). Pseudoreplication was historically more prevalent in research using observational (vs. experimental) methods and those working with wild (vs. captive) primates. However, these biases do not seem to exist in more recent literature with a more comparable likelihood of pseudoreplication seen across the field regardless of methods. Although these current findings relate specifically to primate communication research, we think they will translate broadly across nonhuman communication research, and throughout biology. We continue to emphasise the need to monitor these issues, as although now seen at much lower rates, pseudoreplication is still present and therefore potentially impacting the accuracy of findings.
{"title":"Pseudoreplication in Primate Communication Research: 10 Years On","authors":"J. Whitehouse, P. R. Clark, J. Micheletta, K. Liebal, K. E. Slocombe, B. M. Waller","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00399-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00399-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pseudoreplication is the statistical error of collecting numerous datapoints from a single unit (such as an individual), which are not independent, and applying statistical methods that assume independence of data. Importantly, pseudoreplication increases the chances of Type 1 errors (i.e., false positives), bringing findings and conclusions based on pseudoreplicated analyses into question. Ten years ago, Waller et al. (2013) published a paper highlighting the prevalence of statistical pseudoreplication throughout the nonhuman primate communication literature. In this current study, we examined the literature published since the original publication (between 2009 and 2020; 348 papers) to assess whether pseudoreplication is still as widespread as it was, if it has become more problematic, or if the field is beginning to overcome this issue. We find that there has been a significant decrease in pseudoreplication over the past ten years (38.6% then, compared with 23.0% now). This reduction in pseudoreplication appears to be associated with an increase in the use of multilevel models throughout primatology (which allow for nonindependent data to be nested appropriately). Pseudoreplication was historically more prevalent in research using observational (vs. experimental) methods and those working with wild (vs. captive) primates. However, these biases do not seem to exist in more recent literature with a more comparable likelihood of pseudoreplication seen across the field regardless of methods. Although these current findings relate specifically to primate communication research, we think they will translate broadly across nonhuman communication research, and throughout biology. We continue to emphasise the need to monitor these issues, as although now seen at much lower rates, pseudoreplication is still present and therefore potentially impacting the accuracy of findings.","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135095901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00396-1
Louis-Jean Boë, Thomas R. Sawallis, Pierre Badin, Jean-Luc Schwartz
{"title":"Chimpanzees Have no Expanded Formant Space and No Correlated F1 and F2: A Comment on Grawunder et al. (2021)","authors":"Louis-Jean Boë, Thomas R. Sawallis, Pierre Badin, Jean-Luc Schwartz","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00396-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00396-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136154328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00397-0
Melody A. Petersen, Sheila M. Holmes, Li-Dunn Chen, Patricia V. Ravoniarinalisoa, Axel Moehrenschlager, Edward E. Louis, Steig E. Johnson
{"title":"Flextime: Black-and-White Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia variegata) use Opposing Strategies to Counter Resource Scarcity in Fragmented Habitats","authors":"Melody A. Petersen, Sheila M. Holmes, Li-Dunn Chen, Patricia V. Ravoniarinalisoa, Axel Moehrenschlager, Edward E. Louis, Steig E. Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00397-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00397-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135741922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00395-2
Malgorzata E. Arlet, Ashvita Anand, Anushka Saikia, Ants Kaasik, Sindhuja Sirigeri, Lynne A. Isbell, Mewa Singh
Abstract Mother–offspring bonds in primates often last for life and shape the behavior of both mother and offspring. Therefore, the death of an infant may trigger an emotional response from its mother akin to human grief, which is characterized by active distress and passive depression. Our goal was to investigate whether the behavior of female bonnet macaques ( Macaca radiata ) changed after the loss of their infants. In the Thenmala area, southern India, between 2020 and 2022, we observed 18 mothers in two groups who lost, in total, 19 infants and three juveniles aged < 18 months. We compared affiliative, aggressive, and stress-related behavior of females before and after the death of their infants. We also examined individual variation in responses to infant loss. After the death of their infants, females withdrew socially, stayed on the periphery of the group, and had fewer companions. Bereaved females were less involved in grooming and hugging and initiated aggressive behavior more frequently than before they lost their infants. Moreover, females who lost infants showed frequent stress-related behaviors, such as self-scratching and yawning compared with when their infants were alive. Our results suggest that female bonnet macaques react to deaths of their infants in a manner that is consistent with the interpretation of grief in humans and other primates.
{"title":"Behavior of Mothers after Infant Loss in Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata)","authors":"Malgorzata E. Arlet, Ashvita Anand, Anushka Saikia, Ants Kaasik, Sindhuja Sirigeri, Lynne A. Isbell, Mewa Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00395-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00395-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mother–offspring bonds in primates often last for life and shape the behavior of both mother and offspring. Therefore, the death of an infant may trigger an emotional response from its mother akin to human grief, which is characterized by active distress and passive depression. Our goal was to investigate whether the behavior of female bonnet macaques ( Macaca radiata ) changed after the loss of their infants. In the Thenmala area, southern India, between 2020 and 2022, we observed 18 mothers in two groups who lost, in total, 19 infants and three juveniles aged < 18 months. We compared affiliative, aggressive, and stress-related behavior of females before and after the death of their infants. We also examined individual variation in responses to infant loss. After the death of their infants, females withdrew socially, stayed on the periphery of the group, and had fewer companions. Bereaved females were less involved in grooming and hugging and initiated aggressive behavior more frequently than before they lost their infants. Moreover, females who lost infants showed frequent stress-related behaviors, such as self-scratching and yawning compared with when their infants were alive. Our results suggest that female bonnet macaques react to deaths of their infants in a manner that is consistent with the interpretation of grief in humans and other primates.","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135981104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00394-3
Kennesha Garg, Asia Murphy
{"title":"Arboreal Lemur Terrestriality is Influenced by When and Where Predators are Present","authors":"Kennesha Garg, Asia Murphy","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00394-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00394-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00388-1
Peter M. Waser, T. Struhsaker
{"title":"A Tribute to Rasanayagam (Rudy) Rudran: Friend, Colleague, Devoted Conservationist, 14 July 1941 – 10 April 2023","authors":"Peter M. Waser, T. Struhsaker","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00388-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00388-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00393-4
Rong Chen, Xinyi Liu, Meirong Li, Xiaojuan Xu, Ran Lv, Yuanyuan Chen, Guodong Wang, Changlin Deng, Nan Chen, T. Jia, Siteng Wang, Guangjin Liu
{"title":"Characterization of the Oral Microbiota in Captive Sichuan Golden Snub-nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) of Different Ages","authors":"Rong Chen, Xinyi Liu, Meirong Li, Xiaojuan Xu, Ran Lv, Yuanyuan Chen, Guodong Wang, Changlin Deng, Nan Chen, T. Jia, Siteng Wang, Guangjin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10764-023-00393-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-023-00393-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14264,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Primatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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