Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610818
Morteza Hesami, K. Rouzbehi, M. Moradlou, Seyyed Majid Mousavi, Saeed Behzadpoor
This paper presents various solutions to reduce or prevent short circuit damages in distribution system connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). In EVCSs, medium voltages with high-level currents are standardized. Hence, protection against short circuit faults is a serious concern. Intensification of short circuit levels may lead to the entire damage to the power electronic equipment. On the other hand, the battery can be damaged on the Electric Vehicles (EV) side as well. In this study, the structural details of EV systems and EVCSs are described, and the fault positions in different parts of these systems are described. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of the protection devices is given.
{"title":"Fault Current Protection in distribution system connected EVCH: A Review","authors":"Morteza Hesami, K. Rouzbehi, M. Moradlou, Seyyed Majid Mousavi, Saeed Behzadpoor","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610818","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents various solutions to reduce or prevent short circuit damages in distribution system connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS). In EVCSs, medium voltages with high-level currents are standardized. Hence, protection against short circuit faults is a serious concern. Intensification of short circuit levels may lead to the entire damage to the power electronic equipment. On the other hand, the battery can be damaged on the Electric Vehicles (EV) side as well. In this study, the structural details of EV systems and EVCSs are described, and the fault positions in different parts of these systems are described. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of the protection devices is given.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"14 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125188792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610792
Mohammadali Esmaeili, A. Hajizadeh, A. Fereidunian
This paper presents a state-flow based power management method in a hybrid power system including some Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) connected to the distribution network. Photo Voltaic (PV) is the main energy resource, battery, and Fuel Cell (FC)-Electrolyzer are the priory ad secondary energy storage respectively. In addition, Electrolyzer uses a Hydrogen Tank to store the produced Hydrogen (H2). This produced H2 used by FC. These RESs, work together and affect on each other, so different possible states to cover properly different loads in a 24 hours interval regarded. This hybrid system is first analyzed economically in Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER), then modeled in Simulink/MATLAB.
{"title":"A State Flow based-Power Management of Hybrid Photo Voltaic / Fuel Cell- Electrolyzer / Battery Power System Connected to Distribution Network","authors":"Mohammadali Esmaeili, A. Hajizadeh, A. Fereidunian","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610792","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a state-flow based power management method in a hybrid power system including some Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) connected to the distribution network. Photo Voltaic (PV) is the main energy resource, battery, and Fuel Cell (FC)-Electrolyzer are the priory ad secondary energy storage respectively. In addition, Electrolyzer uses a Hydrogen Tank to store the produced Hydrogen (H2). This produced H2 used by FC. These RESs, work together and affect on each other, so different possible states to cover properly different loads in a 24 hours interval regarded. This hybrid system is first analyzed economically in Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER), then modeled in Simulink/MATLAB.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128515714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610766
Mehrdad Bagheri Sanjareh, M. Nazari, S. Hosseinian, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh Ghiasi
An islanded Microgrid (MG) might experience extreme frequency deviations which necessitates a reliable frequency control scheme to ensure its frequency stability. Various techniques have been proposed including PI control and more advanced techniques like fuzzy control. The PI controls cannot establish a fast frequency restoration due to their poor performance and slow response-time of DGs. Advanced methods have been able to slightly improve the DGs response-time and hence decrease the total frequency deviation. Here, a novel frequency control scheme is proposed that despite its simplicity than previous schemes is able to further decrease the total frequency deviation. The proposed is tested on the CIGRE low voltage MG. The simulation results show that using the proposed frequency control scheme, the value of the total absolute frequency deviation is decreased by 79% and 68 % than using the GA-optimized and fuzzy frequency schemes, respectively.
{"title":"A New Strategy for Mitigating The Frequency Deviation in Distribution networks and Microgrids","authors":"Mehrdad Bagheri Sanjareh, M. Nazari, S. Hosseinian, Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh Ghiasi","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610766","url":null,"abstract":"An islanded Microgrid (MG) might experience extreme frequency deviations which necessitates a reliable frequency control scheme to ensure its frequency stability. Various techniques have been proposed including PI control and more advanced techniques like fuzzy control. The PI controls cannot establish a fast frequency restoration due to their poor performance and slow response-time of DGs. Advanced methods have been able to slightly improve the DGs response-time and hence decrease the total frequency deviation. Here, a novel frequency control scheme is proposed that despite its simplicity than previous schemes is able to further decrease the total frequency deviation. The proposed is tested on the CIGRE low voltage MG. The simulation results show that using the proposed frequency control scheme, the value of the total absolute frequency deviation is decreased by 79% and 68 % than using the GA-optimized and fuzzy frequency schemes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116513861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610803
Araz Saleki, Bahram Jahanbakhshi Pordanjani, M. Bina
One of the most important issues in MMC based HVDC systems is lack of appropriate solution against DC fault. In this paper, firstly a summary of power transmission systems and their advantages and disadvantages are expressed. Then, types of HVDC system are investigated in detail. Structure types of HVDC is reviewed and its advantages over the conventional AC system are expressed. Then, the types of DC fault in the HVDC grid are examined. In section III, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are expressed. Due to unique features of MMC, these converters have a higher acceptability than other topologies for use in a HVDC system. Since it is necessary to limit the fault currents to protect MMCs from serious short circuit faults against DC fault, several protection schemes have been introduced to deal with the DC short circuit faults. section V, analyzes such a new protective topology and operation principles to protect the MMC converter against DC short circuit fault. Finally, by simulating the HVDC grid short circuit fault, the protective performance of the proposed topology is investigated.
{"title":"DC Fault Analysis in MMC Based HVDC Systems along with Proposing a Modified MMC Protective Topology for Grid Stability","authors":"Araz Saleki, Bahram Jahanbakhshi Pordanjani, M. Bina","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610803","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important issues in MMC based HVDC systems is lack of appropriate solution against DC fault. In this paper, firstly a summary of power transmission systems and their advantages and disadvantages are expressed. Then, types of HVDC system are investigated in detail. Structure types of HVDC is reviewed and its advantages over the conventional AC system are expressed. Then, the types of DC fault in the HVDC grid are examined. In section III, Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) are expressed. Due to unique features of MMC, these converters have a higher acceptability than other topologies for use in a HVDC system. Since it is necessary to limit the fault currents to protect MMCs from serious short circuit faults against DC fault, several protection schemes have been introduced to deal with the DC short circuit faults. section V, analyzes such a new protective topology and operation principles to protect the MMC converter against DC short circuit fault. Finally, by simulating the HVDC grid short circuit fault, the protective performance of the proposed topology is investigated.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610816
Atefeh-sadat Mirhedayati, Hossein Shahinzadeh, H. Nafisi, G. Gharehpetian, M. Benbouzid, M. Shaneh
Energy hub paradigms are experiencing rapid pervasiveness during the last decade. Even though many studies have delved into the structure of hub systems, ongoing research projects are developing hub models to improve reliability and efficiency by adding new components to the scheme. Combined heat and power (CHP) units and boilers have been pivotal elements in hub models. However, in recent years the idea of integration of electrical heat pumps (EHPs) into the model is evaluated. This study aims to conduct a comparison between the effectiveness of CHP and EHP for the satisfaction of thermal demand in a residential energy hub with regard to economic objectives. In addition, in order to have a more practical appraisal, real-time pricing (RTP) demand response program is modeled in the simulation.
{"title":"CHPs and EHPs Effectiveness Evaluation in a Residential Multi-Carrier Energy Hub","authors":"Atefeh-sadat Mirhedayati, Hossein Shahinzadeh, H. Nafisi, G. Gharehpetian, M. Benbouzid, M. Shaneh","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610816","url":null,"abstract":"Energy hub paradigms are experiencing rapid pervasiveness during the last decade. Even though many studies have delved into the structure of hub systems, ongoing research projects are developing hub models to improve reliability and efficiency by adding new components to the scheme. Combined heat and power (CHP) units and boilers have been pivotal elements in hub models. However, in recent years the idea of integration of electrical heat pumps (EHPs) into the model is evaluated. This study aims to conduct a comparison between the effectiveness of CHP and EHP for the satisfaction of thermal demand in a residential energy hub with regard to economic objectives. In addition, in order to have a more practical appraisal, real-time pricing (RTP) demand response program is modeled in the simulation.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121444479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610790
Mahmoud Eshaghahmadi, M. Hoorzad
With the increasing use of renewable energy, the design of lightning protection system in generating electricity from wind energy is an important issue. Most wind turbines are installed in areas with high lightning density, high altitudes and rocky areas. Therefore, wind turbines are strongly affected by the direct impact of lightning on the wind turbine blades and even on the adjacent ground. On the other hand, the ground system is one of the most important components required in a lightning protection system suitable for wind turbines that proper design with an effective surge arrester is essential for the safety of people and equipment and the reduction of transient overvoltages on wind turbine electronic equipment. In this paper, using the real parameters of a 100 kW wind turbine, transient overvoltages against direct lightning strike to WT blades and overhead distribution line simulated. wind turbine equipment, grounding system, and a selected arrester are modelled in EMTP-RV environment for analyzing overvoltages in differenct scenarios.
{"title":"Surge Arrester Placement in Wind Turbine System by Evaluation Overvoltages of Direct Lightning Strike to the Wind Turbine Blades and Overhead Distribution Lines","authors":"Mahmoud Eshaghahmadi, M. Hoorzad","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610790","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing use of renewable energy, the design of lightning protection system in generating electricity from wind energy is an important issue. Most wind turbines are installed in areas with high lightning density, high altitudes and rocky areas. Therefore, wind turbines are strongly affected by the direct impact of lightning on the wind turbine blades and even on the adjacent ground. On the other hand, the ground system is one of the most important components required in a lightning protection system suitable for wind turbines that proper design with an effective surge arrester is essential for the safety of people and equipment and the reduction of transient overvoltages on wind turbine electronic equipment. In this paper, using the real parameters of a 100 kW wind turbine, transient overvoltages against direct lightning strike to WT blades and overhead distribution line simulated. wind turbine equipment, grounding system, and a selected arrester are modelled in EMTP-RV environment for analyzing overvoltages in differenct scenarios.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124236758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610800
H. Amiri
This study aims at analyzing behavior and state of oil-type and dry-type transformers during lightning strikes. Since lightning is an inevitable phenomenon in electricity grids, this issue should be considered in design stage of grid and transformer and also implementation of transformer in the electricity grid. As different protectors exist in generation and transmission transformers, distribution transformers have been taken into account in this study. The impact of lightning strike on the distribution transformers is usually diminished with the help of earth system or protectors. However, the effect of lightning on transformer insulation is not negligible. Thus, it should be investigated. Behavior results have been given in a comparative manner in order to present a better understanding of transformers' insulation behavior.
{"title":"Analysis and comparison of actual behavior of oil-type and dry-type transformers during lightning","authors":"H. Amiri","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610800","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at analyzing behavior and state of oil-type and dry-type transformers during lightning strikes. Since lightning is an inevitable phenomenon in electricity grids, this issue should be considered in design stage of grid and transformer and also implementation of transformer in the electricity grid. As different protectors exist in generation and transmission transformers, distribution transformers have been taken into account in this study. The impact of lightning strike on the distribution transformers is usually diminished with the help of earth system or protectors. However, the effect of lightning on transformer insulation is not negligible. Thus, it should be investigated. Behavior results have been given in a comparative manner in order to present a better understanding of transformers' insulation behavior.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125096396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610817
M. Bahrami, M. Vakilian, H. Farzin, M. Lehtonen
Floodwater can severely damage electricity distribution system (DS) components and interrupt the service to all the customers, even the critical ones. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the possible impacts of a flooding event on DS operation. This paper proposes a new framework that constructs islands prior to flood occurrence, for continuation of electricity supply to the critical loads realizing different important infrastructures interdependency. The interdependencies between different local critical infrastructures are modeled in this framework. In addition, distributed generators (DGs) as well as the underground cables are considered as vulnerable components to flooding. The proposed framework divides a DS into several islands before flood formation. It is implemented on the 33-bus distribution test system, and its effectiveness in improvement of electricity supply continuation to the critical loads is verified through some case studies.
{"title":"Pre-Flooding Island Formation in Distribution Systems Resolving Local Critical Infrastructures Interdependency","authors":"M. Bahrami, M. Vakilian, H. Farzin, M. Lehtonen","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610817","url":null,"abstract":"Floodwater can severely damage electricity distribution system (DS) components and interrupt the service to all the customers, even the critical ones. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the possible impacts of a flooding event on DS operation. This paper proposes a new framework that constructs islands prior to flood occurrence, for continuation of electricity supply to the critical loads realizing different important infrastructures interdependency. The interdependencies between different local critical infrastructures are modeled in this framework. In addition, distributed generators (DGs) as well as the underground cables are considered as vulnerable components to flooding. The proposed framework divides a DS into several islands before flood formation. It is implemented on the 33-bus distribution test system, and its effectiveness in improvement of electricity supply continuation to the critical loads is verified through some case studies.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610788
Leila Fayazi Rad, R. Dashti, Habib Allah Ravaghi Ardabili
Due to the special importance of asset management and the effects of inflation in increasing the costs of electricity distribution companies, asset growth is proportional to the growth of peak load and the number of subscribers, and also asset development costs should increase with inflation, but this increase It is not equivalent to rising inflation. In this paper, we propose a model for calculating how inflation affects the rate of increase in asset development costs. Then, by numerical comparison in recent years, we prove that in exchange for increasing a certain amount of inflation, asset development costs increase 2 to 3 times.
{"title":"Investigating the growth and development of distribution sector assets and the impact of inflation","authors":"Leila Fayazi Rad, R. Dashti, Habib Allah Ravaghi Ardabili","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610788","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the special importance of asset management and the effects of inflation in increasing the costs of electricity distribution companies, asset growth is proportional to the growth of peak load and the number of subscribers, and also asset development costs should increase with inflation, but this increase It is not equivalent to rising inflation. In this paper, we propose a model for calculating how inflation affects the rate of increase in asset development costs. Then, by numerical comparison in recent years, we prove that in exchange for increasing a certain amount of inflation, asset development costs increase 2 to 3 times.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116883644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610748
M. Mohammadian, Omidreza Mashhadi, P. Ahmadi, S. Hosseinian
Considering ever-increasing utilization of renewable resources for generating energy, combined heat, and electricity generation in modern distribution networks and microgrids (MG) has attracted attention significantly. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for optimal energy management in MG. In fact, the literature of this context lacks a practical analysis for energy management in MGs such that network structure, power flow equations, the voltage of buses, and other practical constraints are considered. Thus, this paper presents a practical approach based on Optimal Power Flow (OPF) using ICA for optimal energy management in MG to minimize exploitation cost. It should be mentioned that the configuration of the standard IEEE-33 bus test network along with different energy tariffs and the possibility of energy exchange with the upstream network is considered in this study. In addition to thermal and electric demand, freshwater demand is also considered in this study, which should be provided by desalination of the MG. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method under different conditions.
{"title":"Optimal Operation of Microgrid with freshwater, thermal and electric demand","authors":"M. Mohammadian, Omidreza Mashhadi, P. Ahmadi, S. Hosseinian","doi":"10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPDC53015.2021.9610748","url":null,"abstract":"Considering ever-increasing utilization of renewable resources for generating energy, combined heat, and electricity generation in modern distribution networks and microgrids (MG) has attracted attention significantly. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for optimal energy management in MG. In fact, the literature of this context lacks a practical analysis for energy management in MGs such that network structure, power flow equations, the voltage of buses, and other practical constraints are considered. Thus, this paper presents a practical approach based on Optimal Power Flow (OPF) using ICA for optimal energy management in MG to minimize exploitation cost. It should be mentioned that the configuration of the standard IEEE-33 bus test network along with different energy tariffs and the possibility of energy exchange with the upstream network is considered in this study. In addition to thermal and electric demand, freshwater demand is also considered in this study, which should be provided by desalination of the MG. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":142680,"journal":{"name":"2021 25th Electrical Power Distribution Conference (EPDC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127854277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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