In 1966, Zeller (NMBMMR Memoir 16) described the Borrego section of the PennsylvanianPermian Horquilla Fm in the Big Hatchet Mountains (SE¼ sec. 27, T31S, R15W, Hidalgo County). He interpreted the Virgilian-Wolfcampian interval here as a single, homoclinal section about 500 m thick divided into 5 units: (1) lower, limestone-dominated unit, ~120 m thick, late Virgilian-early Wolfcampian; (2) light gray “basinal” shale ~105 m thick; (3) middle limestone, ~60 m thick, early-middle Wolfcampian; (4) light gray “basinal” shale ~102 m thick; and (5) upper limestone, ~90 m thick, middle Wolfcampian. In contrast, Drewes (1991, USGS Map I-2144) mapped shingled thrust faults in which units 1-2 are Horquilla Fm (1) depositionally overlain by Earp Fm (2), separated by a thrust fault from units 3-4, which are Horquilla-Earp again, separated from another thrust fault from unit 5, which is Horquilla. Our study of the Borrego section indicates that Zeller’s identification of a single, homoclinal section is correct, though we differ from Zeller in identifying units 2 and 4 as very shallow marine facies of the Horquilla Fm (mostly crossbedded calcarenites, thinly laminated siltstones and grainstones), not a basinal facies. Several observations refute the thrust fault interpretation of the Borrego section: (1) regionally, the Horquilla-Earp contact is late Wolfcampian, so if unit 2 is Earp
{"title":"STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE: THE BORREGO SECTION OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN-PERMIAN HORQUILLA FORMATION, BIG HATCHET MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO","authors":"S. Lucas, K. Krainer, J. Barrick","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.702","url":null,"abstract":"In 1966, Zeller (NMBMMR Memoir 16) described the Borrego section of the PennsylvanianPermian Horquilla Fm in the Big Hatchet Mountains (SE¼ sec. 27, T31S, R15W, Hidalgo County). He interpreted the Virgilian-Wolfcampian interval here as a single, homoclinal section about 500 m thick divided into 5 units: (1) lower, limestone-dominated unit, ~120 m thick, late Virgilian-early Wolfcampian; (2) light gray “basinal” shale ~105 m thick; (3) middle limestone, ~60 m thick, early-middle Wolfcampian; (4) light gray “basinal” shale ~102 m thick; and (5) upper limestone, ~90 m thick, middle Wolfcampian. In contrast, Drewes (1991, USGS Map I-2144) mapped shingled thrust faults in which units 1-2 are Horquilla Fm (1) depositionally overlain by Earp Fm (2), separated by a thrust fault from units 3-4, which are Horquilla-Earp again, separated from another thrust fault from unit 5, which is Horquilla. Our study of the Borrego section indicates that Zeller’s identification of a single, homoclinal section is correct, though we differ from Zeller in identifying units 2 and 4 as very shallow marine facies of the Horquilla Fm (mostly crossbedded calcarenites, thinly laminated siltstones and grainstones), not a basinal facies. Several observations refute the thrust fault interpretation of the Borrego section: (1) regionally, the Horquilla-Earp contact is late Wolfcampian, so if unit 2 is Earp","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121168855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 51.8 Ma Cerro Colorado porphyry copper deposit is located approximately 130 km eastnortheast of Iquique, Región I, Northern Chile. As part of our preliminary study of the “transition zone”, that rock volume comprising the geochemical change from supergene metals accumulation to essentially unoxidized hypogene copper sulfides, fifty ten-meter composite pulp samples were collected from six drill holes representing various ore environments within the Cerro Colorado hydrothermal system. Heavy mineral separates were obtained from all of the ten-meter composite pulp samples, with polished grain mounts of these separates examined using standard reflective light petrographic techniques. For each sample a technique called line integration (Brimhall, G.H, Jr., 1977, Early fracturecontrolled disseminated mineralization at Butte Montana: Econ. Geol. v. 72, p. 37-59 ) was used to determine the relative volume percents of each sulfide mineral present. Preliminary observations of these samples have identified three distinct mineralogic zones: 1) Supergene enrichment zone; 2) Transition zone; and 3) Hypogene protore zone. The supergene enrichment zone is characterized by well-developed chalcocite replacement of pyrite grains and is composed of a pyrite + chalcopyrite + chalcocite mineral assemblage. The “transition zone” is characterized by the incomplete replacement of hypogene bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite by chalcocite and covellite and such is composed of a mixed hypogene/supergene mineral assemblage of pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite + chalcocite + covellite. Mineral ratios of this zone illustrate a general trend, from base of enrichment to hypogene mineralization, of decreasing chalcocite-bornite ratios, increasing pyrite-chalcocite ratios, and an abrupt decrease in the chalcocite-covellite ratio immediately above hypogene mineralization. The partial replacement of hypogene bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite by supergene chalcocite and covellite, along with the presence of supergene bornite and chalcopyrite, suggest that the supergene copper-bearing solutions responsible for enrichment could not maintain the low pH and/or copper concentrations need to completely replace these hypogene sulfides. The hypogene zone at Cerro Colorado is characterized by the mineral assemblage pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite and is interpreted to represent copper sulfides associated with the emplacement of the Cerro Colorado magmatic hydrothermal system.
51.8 Ma Cerro Colorado斑岩铜矿位于智利北部Región I Iquique东北偏东约130公里处。作为我们对“过渡带”的初步研究的一部分，岩石体积包括从表生金属聚集到基本上未氧化的下生铜硫化物的地球化学变化，我们从六个钻孔中收集了50个10米复合矿浆样品，代表了Cerro Colorado热液系统内不同的矿石环境。从所有10米复合纸浆样品中获得重矿物分离物，并使用标准反射光岩石学技术对这些分离物的抛光颗粒进行检查。对每个样品采用一种称为线整合的技术(Brimhall, g.h.， Jr.， 1977, Butte Montana早期裂缝控制浸染矿化:经济学)。青烟。V. 72，第37-59页)用于确定存在的每种硫化物矿物的相对体积百分比。通过对样品的初步观察，确定了三个不同的矿物学带:1)表生富集带;2)过渡区;3)下生原菌带。表生富集带发育辉铜矿取代黄铁矿颗粒，由黄铁矿+黄铜矿+辉铜矿矿物组合组成。“过渡带”以下生黄铜矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿不完全被辉铜矿和粒粒岩取代为特征，由黄铁矿+黄铜矿+斑铜矿+辉铜矿+粒粒岩的下生/表生混合矿物组合组成。从富集基底到下成矿基底，该区矿物比呈现出辉铜矿—斑铜矿比值降低，黄铁矿—辉铜矿比值升高，而在下成矿作用上方辉铜矿—粒铜矿比值急剧下降的总体趋势。下成因黄铜矿、黄铜矿和黄铁矿部分被表生辉铜矿和黄铜矿取代，以及表生黄铜矿和黄铜矿的存在，表明富铜矿的表生含铜溶液不能维持完全取代这些下成因硫化物所需的低pH和/或铜浓度。Cerro Colorado的下生带以黄铁矿+黄铜矿+斑铜矿的矿物组合为特征，并被解释为与Cerro Colorado岩浆热液系统侵位有关的铜硫化物。
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE MINERALOGIC EVALUATION OF THE “TRANSITION ZONE” ENVIRONMENT: PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS FROM THE CERRO COLORADO PORPHYRY COPPER SYSTEM, REGIÓN I, NORTHERN CHILE","authors":"J. Odette, William X. Chavez, Jr.","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.716","url":null,"abstract":"The 51.8 Ma Cerro Colorado porphyry copper deposit is located approximately 130 km eastnortheast of Iquique, Región I, Northern Chile. As part of our preliminary study of the “transition zone”, that rock volume comprising the geochemical change from supergene metals accumulation to essentially unoxidized hypogene copper sulfides, fifty ten-meter composite pulp samples were collected from six drill holes representing various ore environments within the Cerro Colorado hydrothermal system. Heavy mineral separates were obtained from all of the ten-meter composite pulp samples, with polished grain mounts of these separates examined using standard reflective light petrographic techniques. For each sample a technique called line integration (Brimhall, G.H, Jr., 1977, Early fracturecontrolled disseminated mineralization at Butte Montana: Econ. Geol. v. 72, p. 37-59 ) was used to determine the relative volume percents of each sulfide mineral present. Preliminary observations of these samples have identified three distinct mineralogic zones: 1) Supergene enrichment zone; 2) Transition zone; and 3) Hypogene protore zone. The supergene enrichment zone is characterized by well-developed chalcocite replacement of pyrite grains and is composed of a pyrite + chalcopyrite + chalcocite mineral assemblage. The “transition zone” is characterized by the incomplete replacement of hypogene bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite by chalcocite and covellite and such is composed of a mixed hypogene/supergene mineral assemblage of pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite + chalcocite + covellite. Mineral ratios of this zone illustrate a general trend, from base of enrichment to hypogene mineralization, of decreasing chalcocite-bornite ratios, increasing pyrite-chalcocite ratios, and an abrupt decrease in the chalcocite-covellite ratio immediately above hypogene mineralization. The partial replacement of hypogene bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite by supergene chalcocite and covellite, along with the presence of supergene bornite and chalcopyrite, suggest that the supergene copper-bearing solutions responsible for enrichment could not maintain the low pH and/or copper concentrations need to completely replace these hypogene sulfides. The hypogene zone at Cerro Colorado is characterized by the mineral assemblage pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite and is interpreted to represent copper sulfides associated with the emplacement of the Cerro Colorado magmatic hydrothermal system.","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128029435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) Osha Canyon Formation is 27.3 m thick at the type locality near Guadalupe Box in the Jemez Mountains. It is underlain by red and greenish shales of the Mississippian Log Springs Formation, and sharply overlain by coarse-grained, troughcrossbedded, quartzose fluvial sandstones of the Sandia Formation. At the type section, the Osha Canyon Formation is entirely of marine origin and composed of red, purple and greenish marly shale (80.6% of the type section) and interbedded light-gray and reddish limestone beds and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone (19.4%). Marly shales are poorly exposed, and contain brachiopods and small solitary corals, particularly in unit 10 of the section. Shales of unit 14 also contain small gray limestone nodules. The ledge-forming limestones are 0.1 to1 m thick, wavy bedded and composed of abundant large skeletal fragments derived mostly from brachiopods and crinoids, and subordinately from bryozoans, gastropods and other organisms. Limestones also contain siliciclastic grains, mostly quartz grains, and subordinate granitic rock fragments. The amount of siliciclastic grains increases towards the top of the section. The uppermost 2.5-m-thick interval is a fossiliferous, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone. The siliciclastic material is probably derived from the nearby Peñasco uplift. Sediments of the Osha Canyon Formation were deposited in a shallow marine shelf environment of normal salinity. The fossiliferous marly shales formed in a shallow-water, low-energy environment below the wave base, whereas the limestones and the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone on top reflect deposition in a shallow marine, high-energy environment above the wave base.
{"title":"LITHOFACIES AND PALEONENVIRONMENTS OF THE TYPE SECTION OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN OSHA CANYON FORMATION, JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO","authors":"K. Krainer, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.696","url":null,"abstract":"The Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) Osha Canyon Formation is 27.3 m thick at the type locality near Guadalupe Box in the Jemez Mountains. It is underlain by red and greenish shales of the Mississippian Log Springs Formation, and sharply overlain by coarse-grained, troughcrossbedded, quartzose fluvial sandstones of the Sandia Formation. At the type section, the Osha Canyon Formation is entirely of marine origin and composed of red, purple and greenish marly shale (80.6% of the type section) and interbedded light-gray and reddish limestone beds and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone (19.4%). Marly shales are poorly exposed, and contain brachiopods and small solitary corals, particularly in unit 10 of the section. Shales of unit 14 also contain small gray limestone nodules. The ledge-forming limestones are 0.1 to1 m thick, wavy bedded and composed of abundant large skeletal fragments derived mostly from brachiopods and crinoids, and subordinately from bryozoans, gastropods and other organisms. Limestones also contain siliciclastic grains, mostly quartz grains, and subordinate granitic rock fragments. The amount of siliciclastic grains increases towards the top of the section. The uppermost 2.5-m-thick interval is a fossiliferous, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone. The siliciclastic material is probably derived from the nearby Peñasco uplift. Sediments of the Osha Canyon Formation were deposited in a shallow marine shelf environment of normal salinity. The fossiliferous marly shales formed in a shallow-water, low-energy environment below the wave base, whereas the limestones and the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sandstone on top reflect deposition in a shallow marine, high-energy environment above the wave base.","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132582849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Heckert, Caleb Lucas, S. Lucas, A. Hunt, J. H. Hutchison, Jennifer C. Cabot
{"title":"THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (EARLY CAMPANIAN) MENEFEE FORMATION, NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO","authors":"A. Heckert, Caleb Lucas, S. Lucas, A. Hunt, J. H. Hutchison, Jennifer C. Cabot","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114844853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vertebrate fauna of the lower Petrified Forest Formation of the Chinle Group is generally not well known. However, recent work in the Mesa Montosa Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in the Chama basin of north-central New Mexico has greatly expanded the known fauna from this unit. Taxa include the metoposaurid amphibian cf. Buettneria , indeterminate phytosaurs (Parasuchidae), the aetosaurs cf. Typothorax coccinarum and Paratypothorax , the enigmatic archosaur Vancleavea , and theropod dinosaurs. An unusual vertebra and a distinctive shell(?) fragment may pertain to a pterosaur and a turtle, respectively, both of which are rare in the Late Triassic. Other fossil material recovered from the Mesa Montosa Member includes numerous coprolites and unionid bivalve shells. The assemblage of vertebrates recovered thus far indicates that the Mesa Montosa Member is Revueltian in age. All of the fossils were collected from a coarse brown sandstone that contains some pebbles and calcrete nodules and is less than a meter below the contact between the Mesa Montosa Member and the overlying Painted Desert Member. These fossils are disarticulated and fragmentary, very few of the fossils are unweathered and many are abraded to the point where identification is impossible. Thus, these fossils represent a time-averaged, attritional assemblage that is most likely derived from the floodplain near the channel system that deposited the sandstone. More complete skeletal elements have been recovered from a green shaley siltstone underlying the sandstone, but fossils are much less abundant in this layer than in the overlying sandstone.
{"title":"NEW VERTEBRATE FAUNA FROM THE LATE TRIASSIC MESA MONTOSA MEMBER (PETRIFIED FOREST FORMATION: CHINLE GROUP), CHAMA BASIN, NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO","authors":"K. Zeigler, Vincent Morgan, S. Lucas","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.729","url":null,"abstract":"The vertebrate fauna of the lower Petrified Forest Formation of the Chinle Group is generally not well known. However, recent work in the Mesa Montosa Member of the Petrified Forest Formation in the Chama basin of north-central New Mexico has greatly expanded the known fauna from this unit. Taxa include the metoposaurid amphibian cf. Buettneria , indeterminate phytosaurs (Parasuchidae), the aetosaurs cf. Typothorax coccinarum and Paratypothorax , the enigmatic archosaur Vancleavea , and theropod dinosaurs. An unusual vertebra and a distinctive shell(?) fragment may pertain to a pterosaur and a turtle, respectively, both of which are rare in the Late Triassic. Other fossil material recovered from the Mesa Montosa Member includes numerous coprolites and unionid bivalve shells. The assemblage of vertebrates recovered thus far indicates that the Mesa Montosa Member is Revueltian in age. All of the fossils were collected from a coarse brown sandstone that contains some pebbles and calcrete nodules and is less than a meter below the contact between the Mesa Montosa Member and the overlying Painted Desert Member. These fossils are disarticulated and fragmentary, very few of the fossils are unweathered and many are abraded to the point where identification is impossible. Thus, these fossils represent a time-averaged, attritional assemblage that is most likely derived from the floodplain near the channel system that deposited the sandstone. More complete skeletal elements have been recovered from a green shaley siltstone underlying the sandstone, but fossils are much less abundant in this layer than in the overlying sandstone.","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130070795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GRAVITY MODELS OF THE ALBUQUERQUE BASIN, JORNADA DEL MUERTO BASIN, AND TULAROSA BASIN IN THE RIO GRANDE RIFT","authors":"C. Peterson, M. Roy","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122428718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE MICROVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC SNYDER QUARRY, FROM THE PAINTED DESERT MEMBER OF THE PETRIFIED FOREST FORMATION (REVUELTIAN), NORTH-CENTRAL NEW MEXICO","authors":"A. Heckert, H. Jenkins, S. Lucas, R. Mutter","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128015230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE TENDENCY OF SALINE GROUND WATER FROM SELECTED AQUIFERS IN NEW MEXICO TO FORM SCALE DEPOSITS DURING REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION","authors":"G. F. Huff","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117320640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report preliminary results of a pilot study that compared the chemistry of surface water and ground water within the Gallinas Watershed. Gallinas Creek originates in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains and flows southeast towards the high plains desert community of Las Vegas, New Mexico. A large percentage of flow is diverted to the Storrie Lake Water Project and divided among multiple users, including the city of Las Vegas, Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge, and farmers and ranchers. We studied changes in water quality within different regions of the diverted water system. Samples were collected at four primary locations: the surface water source (Upper Gallinas River), diverted surface water (McCallister Lake), ground water seeps (springs along Gallinas Canyon) and ground water receptor (Lower Gallinas River). This study hypothesized that as water infiltrates through the subsurface, the area’s highly alkaline soils and the shallow bedrock aquifer contribute dissolved constituents to ground water. To test this hypothesis, surface water and ground water samples from Gallinas Creek sources were collected and analyzed for various water parameters. Our results indicate that Ca, Mg, Na, Si, Cl, SO4, and CaCO3 concentrations are 1.6 to 7.2 times higher in ground water. Likewise, hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids are also appreciably higher (increased by factor of 1.4 to 2.0). These results suggest that soils and bedrock are leaching dissolved constituents to ground water. McCallister Lake exhibits elevated Ca (402 mg/L), Na (1165 mg/L), Cl (678 mg/L), SO4 (3525 mg/L), and electrical conductivity (11,200 micromohs/cm) concentrations that suggest high evaporation is enriching dissolved salt concentrations. Continued drought conditions will enhance evaporation rates and lead to increasing accumulation of dissolved salts and minerals potentially threatening the vitality of the lake ecosystem.
{"title":"WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ALONG GALLINAS CREEK SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER PATHWAYS, LAS VEGAS, NEW MEXICO","authors":"T. Evans, Daryl Williams, J. Lindline","doi":"10.56577/sm-2004.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56577/sm-2004.675","url":null,"abstract":"We report preliminary results of a pilot study that compared the chemistry of surface water and ground water within the Gallinas Watershed. Gallinas Creek originates in the southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains and flows southeast towards the high plains desert community of Las Vegas, New Mexico. A large percentage of flow is diverted to the Storrie Lake Water Project and divided among multiple users, including the city of Las Vegas, Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge, and farmers and ranchers. We studied changes in water quality within different regions of the diverted water system. Samples were collected at four primary locations: the surface water source (Upper Gallinas River), diverted surface water (McCallister Lake), ground water seeps (springs along Gallinas Canyon) and ground water receptor (Lower Gallinas River). This study hypothesized that as water infiltrates through the subsurface, the area’s highly alkaline soils and the shallow bedrock aquifer contribute dissolved constituents to ground water. To test this hypothesis, surface water and ground water samples from Gallinas Creek sources were collected and analyzed for various water parameters. Our results indicate that Ca, Mg, Na, Si, Cl, SO4, and CaCO3 concentrations are 1.6 to 7.2 times higher in ground water. Likewise, hardness, alkalinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids are also appreciably higher (increased by factor of 1.4 to 2.0). These results suggest that soils and bedrock are leaching dissolved constituents to ground water. McCallister Lake exhibits elevated Ca (402 mg/L), Na (1165 mg/L), Cl (678 mg/L), SO4 (3525 mg/L), and electrical conductivity (11,200 micromohs/cm) concentrations that suggest high evaporation is enriching dissolved salt concentrations. Continued drought conditions will enhance evaporation rates and lead to increasing accumulation of dissolved salts and minerals potentially threatening the vitality of the lake ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":142738,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geological Society, 2004 Annual Spring Meeting, Proceedings Volume","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117232346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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