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2010 13th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing最新文献

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On-the-Fly Adaptation of Data Stream Queries 数据流查询的动态适应
Bernhard Wolf, I. Behrens
Data stream processing can be applied in scenarios where high throughput and real-time response is required. In distributed environments, preprocessing at sensor nodes is beneficial. Processing logic is deployed at sensor nodes and data is processed while streaming through the nodes. However, updating the logic is difficult in such a continuously running environment. Volatile operator states get lost if nodes are restarted for an update. The challenge is to update the operators during the runtime with the preservation of their states. We developed a data stream processing solution which is capable of adapting the logic on-the-fly. States are copied while migrating from the original to new logic. For implementation, we utilized the dynamic component system OSGi. In this paper we present methods for state selection and transfer from the input buffers of the running operators. The state values to be transferred are limited to a minimum quantity. The state transfer methods allow a faster migration compared to other approaches and a guaranteed output, which makes our system real-time compatible.
数据流处理可以应用于需要高吞吐量和实时响应的场景。在分布式环境中,传感器节点的预处理是有益的。处理逻辑部署在传感器节点上,数据流通过节点时进行处理。然而,在这种连续运行的环境中更新逻辑是困难的。如果节点重新启动以进行更新,则Volatile操作符状态将丢失。挑战在于如何在运行时更新操作符并保留其状态。我们开发了一种数据流处理解决方案,能够适应动态的逻辑。在从原始逻辑迁移到新逻辑时复制状态。为了实现,我们使用了动态组件系统OSGi。本文提出了从运行算子的输入缓冲区中进行状态选择和转移的方法。要转移的状态值被限制为最小数量。与其他方法相比,状态转移方法允许更快的迁移和有保证的输出,这使得我们的系统实时兼容。
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引用次数: 3
Model-Driven Runtime Resource Predictions for Advanced Mechatronic Systems with Dynamic Data Structures 具有动态数据结构的先进机电系统模型驱动运行时资源预测
Stefan Henkler, Simon Oberthür, H. Giese, Andreas Seibel
The next generation of advanced mechatronic systems is expected to enhance their functionality and improve their performance by context-dependent behavior. Therefore, these systems require to represent information about the complex environment and changing sets of collaboration partners internally. This requirement is in contrast to the usually assumed static structures for embedded systems. In this paper, we present a model-driven approach which overcomes this situation by supporting dynamic data structures while still guaranteeing that valid worst-case execution times can be derived. It supports a flexible resource management which avoids to operate with the prohibitive coarse worst-case boundaries but instead supports to run applications in different profiles which guarantee different resource requirements and put unused resources in a profile at other applications' disposal. By supporting the proper estimation of worst case execution time (WCET) and worst case number of iteration (WCNI) at runtime, we can further support to create new profiles, add or remove them at runtime in order to minimize the over-approximation of the resource consumption resulting from the dynamic data structures required for the outlined class of advanced systems.
下一代先进的机电一体化系统有望通过上下文依赖行为增强其功能并改善其性能。因此,这些系统需要表示有关复杂环境和内部不断变化的协作伙伴集的信息。这一需求与嵌入式系统通常假定的静态结构形成对比。在本文中,我们提出了一种模型驱动的方法,该方法通过支持动态数据结构来克服这种情况,同时仍然保证可以推导出有效的最坏情况执行时间。它支持灵活的资源管理,避免使用令人生畏的粗糙最坏情况边界,而是支持在不同的配置文件中运行应用程序,从而保证不同的资源需求,并将配置文件中未使用的资源放在其他应用程序的处置中。通过支持在运行时对最坏情况执行时间(WCET)和最坏情况迭代次数(WCNI)的适当估计,我们可以进一步支持在运行时创建新的概要文件,添加或删除它们,以便最小化由概述的高级系统所需的动态数据结构导致的资源消耗的过度近似。
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引用次数: 2
Dynamic Policy-Driven Quality of Service in Service-Oriented Systems 面向服务系统中动态策略驱动的服务质量
J. Loyall, M. Gillen, Aaron M. Paulos, James R. Edmondson, Pooja Varshneya, D. Schmidt, L. Bunch, M. Carvalho, Andrew J. Martignoni
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) middleware has emerged as a powerful and popular distributed computing paradigm due to its high-level abstractions for composing systems and hiding platform-level details. Control of some details hidden by SOA middleware is necessary, however, to provide managed quality of service (QoS) for SOA systems that need predictable performance and behavior. This paper presents a policy-driven approach for managing QoS in SOA systems. We discuss the design of several key QoS services and empirically evaluate their ability to provide QoS under CPU overload and bandwidth-constrained situations.
面向服务的体系结构(SOA)中间件由于其对组合系统和隐藏平台级细节的高级抽象而成为一种强大而流行的分布式计算范例。但是,为了为需要可预测性能和行为的SOA系统提供可管理的服务质量(QoS),必须控制SOA中间件隐藏的一些细节。本文提出了一种在SOA系统中管理QoS的策略驱动方法。我们讨论了几个关键QoS服务的设计,并根据经验评估了它们在CPU过载和带宽受限情况下提供QoS的能力。
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引用次数: 18
A MDE-Based Optimisation Process for Real-Time Systems 基于模型的实时系统优化过程
Olivier Gilles, J. Hugues
The design and implementation of Real-Time Embedded Systems is now heavily relying on Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) as a central place to define and then analyze or implement a system. MDE toolchains are taking a key role as to gather most of functional and not functional properties in a central framework, and then exploit this information. Such toolchain is based on both 1) a modeling notation, and 2) companion tools to transform or analyse models. In this paper, we present a MDE-based process for system optimisation based on an architectural description. We first define a generic evaluation pipeline, define a library of elementary transformations and then shows how to use it through Domain-Specific Language to evaluate and then transform models. We illustrate this process on an AADL case study modeling a Generic Avionics Platform.
实时嵌入式系统的设计和实现现在严重依赖于模型驱动工程(MDE)作为定义、分析或实现系统的中心。MDE工具链扮演着一个关键角色,它将大多数功能性和非功能性属性收集到一个中心框架中,然后利用这些信息。这样的工具链基于1)建模符号,以及2)转换或分析模型的配套工具。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于架构描述的基于mde的系统优化过程。我们首先定义了一个通用的求值管道,定义了一个基本转换库,然后展示了如何通过Domain-Specific Language使用它来求值和转换模型。我们通过一个通用航空电子平台的AADL案例研究来说明这一过程。
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引用次数: 7
Model-Based Programming of Modular Robots 基于模型的模块化机器人编程
D. Arney, S. Fischmeister, Insup Lee, Yoshihito Takashima, Mark H. Yim
Modular robots are a powerful concept for robotics. A modular robot consists of many individual modules so it can adjust its configuration to the problem. However, the fact that a modular robot consists of many individual modules makes it a highly distributed, highly concurrent real-time system, which are notoriously hard to program. In this work, we present our programming framework for writing control applications for modular robots. The framework includes a toolset that allows a model-based programing approach for control application of modular robots with code generation and verification. The framework is characterized by the following three features. First, it provides a complex programming model that is based on standard finite state machines extended in syntax and semantics to support communication, variables, and actions. Second, the framework provides compositionality at the hardware and at the software level and allows building the modular robot and its control application from small building blocks. And third, the framework supports formal verification of the control application to aid the gait and task developer in identifying problems and bugs before the deployment and testing on the physical robot.
模块化机器人是机器人技术的一个强大概念。模块化机器人由许多独立的模块组成,因此它可以根据问题调整其配置。然而,模块化机器人由许多独立模块组成的事实使其成为一个高度分布式、高度并发的实时系统,这是出了名的难以编程。在这项工作中,我们提出了编写模块化机器人控制应用程序的编程框架。该框架包括一个工具集,该工具集允许基于模型的编程方法用于模块化机器人的控制应用,并具有代码生成和验证。该框架具有以下三个特点。首先,它提供了一个复杂的编程模型,该模型基于经过语法和语义扩展的标准有限状态机,以支持通信、变量和操作。其次,该框架在硬件和软件层面提供了组合性,并允许从小型构建块构建模块化机器人及其控制应用程序。第三,该框架支持控制应用程序的正式验证,以帮助步态和任务开发人员在部署和测试物理机器人之前识别问题和错误。
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引用次数: 12
Reliable Event Dissemination over Wide-Area Networks without Severe Performance Fluctuations 在广域网上可靠的事件传播,没有严重的性能波动
C. Esposito, Domenico Cotroneo, S. Russo
Publish/subscribe middleware is being increasingly used to devise large-scale critical systems. Although several reliable publish/subscribe solutions have been proposed, none of them properly address the problem of assuring message dissemination even if network omissions happen without breaking any temporal constraints. In order to fill this gap, we have investigated how to guarantee a resilient and timely event dissemination despite of message losses. The contribution of this paper is on proposing a FEC approach, where encoding functionality is placed at the root and on a subset of interior nodes in the multicast tree, combined to a gossiping algorithm. Simulation-based experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach allows all the interested subscribers to receive all the published messages and the adopted resiliency mean does not affect the timeliness of the multicast protocol.
发布/订阅中间件越来越多地用于设计大型关键系统。尽管已经提出了几种可靠的发布/订阅解决方案,但它们都没有正确地解决在不违反任何时间约束的情况下发生网络遗漏时确保消息传播的问题。为了填补这一空白,我们研究了如何在消息丢失的情况下保证有弹性和及时的事件传播。本文的贡献在于提出了一种FEC方法,其中编码功能放置在根节点和组播树内部节点的子集上,并结合了八卦算法。仿真实验表明,该方法允许所有感兴趣的订阅者接收所有发布的消息,采用的弹性均值不影响组播协议的时效性。
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引用次数: 5
A System-on-a-Chip Platform for Mixed-Criticality Applications 混合临界应用的片上系统平台
Armin Wasicek, C. E. Salloum, H. Kopetz
High–integrity systems are deployed in order to realize safety–critical applications. To meet the rigorous requirements in this domain, these systems require a sophisticated approach to design, verfication, and certification. Not only safety consideration shave an impact on a product’s overall dependability, but also security has to be taken into account. In this paper we analyze the Time–Triggered System–on–Chip (TTSoC) architecture, which is a novel architecture for Multi–Processor System–on–Chip (MPSoC) devices, regarding its security properties. We discuss essential compliance criteria to the Multiple Independent Layers of Security (MILS) architecture, which is a industry–ready architecture for embedded high–integrity systems. We found that both architectures share intrinsic properties and we are able to show that the TTSoC architecture implements the core requirements of a MILS Separation Kernel and thus realizes its elementary security policies by design.
部署高完整性系统是为了实现安全关键应用。为了满足这个领域的严格要求,这些系统需要一种复杂的方法来设计、验证和认证。不仅安全考虑对产品的整体可靠性有影响,而且安全性也必须考虑在内。本文分析了时间触发片上系统(TTSoC)架构,这是一种多处理器片上系统(MPSoC)器件的新架构,它的安全性能。我们讨论了多独立安全层(Multiple Independent Layers of Security, MILS)体系结构的基本遵从性标准,这是一种适用于嵌入式高完整性系统的行业就绪体系结构。我们发现这两种体系结构共享内在属性,并且我们能够证明TTSoC体系结构实现了MILS分离内核的核心需求,从而通过设计实现了其基本安全策略。
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引用次数: 29
VIS Analyzer: A Visual Assistant for VIS Verification and Analysis VIS分析仪:VIS验证和分析的可视化助手
S. Jeong, Junbeom Yoo, S. Cha
Formal verification plays an important role in demonstrating the quality of safety-critical systems such as nuclear power plants. We have used the VIS verification system to determine behavioral equivalence between two successive revisions in developing the KNICS RPS (Reactor Protection System) in Korea. The VIS accepts a high-level programming language Verilog as input, and its verification results contain valuable information about one reason of the failure. However the VIS offers no graphical interface, and partially displays relevant information necessary to understand the full verification scenario accurately. Many nuclear engineers and verification experts found the information insufficient, and it makes hard to the wide use of the VIS verification system in industry. This paper proposes the VIS Analyzer, a visual assistant for VIS verification and analysis, which can help nuclear engineers take full benefits of VIS without being overwhelmed by incomplete and low-level details. The VIS Analyzer automates the VIS verification processes such as equivalence checking and model checking, and displays the verification results in visual formats. We used a recent case study introduced in to demonstrate its effectiveness and usefulness.
形式验证在证明核电厂等安全关键系统的质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们使用VIS验证系统来确定在韩国开发KNICS RPS(反应堆保护系统)的两个连续修订之间的行为等效性。VIS接受高级编程语言Verilog作为输入,其验证结果包含有关故障原因的有价值信息。但是,VIS没有提供图形界面,只能部分显示准确理解完整验证场景所需的相关信息。许多核工程师和核查专家发现信息不足,这使得VIS核查系统难以在工业上得到广泛应用。本文提出了VIS分析仪,一种用于VIS验证和分析的可视化助手,它可以帮助核工程师充分利用VIS,而不会被不完整和低级的细节所淹没。VIS Analyzer可自动执行VIS验证过程,如等效性检查、模型检查等,并以可视化的形式显示验证结果。我们使用了最近介绍的一个案例研究来证明其有效性和有用性。
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引用次数: 8
Implementing and Evaluating the AHS Organic Middleware - A First Approach 实现和评估AHS有机中间件——第一种方法
Alexander von Renteln, U. Brinkschulte
Organic Computing is a new and promising research area. Inspired by nature, organic computing research wants to learn and adopt from techniques and properties of nature. The goal is to acquire the so called Self-X properties like self-organization and self-healing. Taking the hormone system of mammals as a role model, the artificial hormone system(AHS) was designed to map tasks on processing elements using artificial hormones. In previous publications we presented the idea of an organic middleware and first theoretical results. As we want to run this middleware in an embedded scenario we will now present an implementation of the AHS written in pure ANSI C and show first real-world scenarios and results of test series.
有机计算是一个新兴的、有前景的研究领域。受自然的启发,有机计算研究希望学习和采用自然的技术和性质。目标是获得所谓的Self-X属性,如自组织和自修复。以哺乳动物的激素系统为模型,设计了人工激素系统(artificial hormone system, AHS),对使用人工激素的加工要素进行任务映射。在以前的出版物中,我们提出了有机中间件的思想和第一个理论结果。由于我们希望在嵌入式场景中运行这个中间件,现在我们将展示一个用纯ANSI C编写的AHS实现,并展示第一个真实场景和测试系列的结果。
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引用次数: 9
Test Case Generation for Non-functional and Functional Testing of Services 为服务的非功能和功能测试生成测试用例
Simone Meixler, U. Brinkschulte
Testing services offered at runtime is gaining more and more importance. This arises because the number of applications in which services don't know each other a priori grows and occurring faults can cause high costs. The approach proposed here uses testing to assure QoS properties like e.g. real-time features and functionality of services. A challenge of testing is not to overload the service providing systems. Furthermore tests also have to adapt automatically to the currently offered services as well as to the usage of these services. We present an approach for testing services, which fulfills these challenges and is based on a genetic algorithm. To rate a functional result, the majority vote is used.
在运行时提供的测试服务变得越来越重要。之所以会出现这种情况,是因为其中的服务先验地不知道彼此的应用程序的数量在增加,而发生的错误可能会导致高昂的成本。这里提出的方法使用测试来确保QoS属性,例如服务的实时特性和功能。测试的一个挑战是不要使提供服务的系统过载。此外,测试还必须自动适应当前提供的服务以及这些服务的使用情况。我们提出了一种基于遗传算法的服务测试方法,该方法满足了这些挑战。为了对功能结果进行评级,使用多数投票。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2010 13th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing
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