M. COLLARES-PEREIRA, M. J. Alves, Filipe Ribeiro, I. Domingos, Pedro Raposo de Almeida, Luís Moreira da Costa, H. Gante, A. Filipe, M. Aboim, Patrícia Marta, M. F. Magalhães
: Fresh waters are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world. Not surprisingly, freshwater and diadromous fishes, which show remarkably high levels of endemism, are declining dramatically worldwide. In Portugal, more than 60% of the native fishes are already threatened and risk further population declines due to the intensification of multiple threats such as habitat loss and degradation, non-native species, and climate change. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive information about this vertebrate group in Portugal, and also in Spain. A Guide to Freshwater and Migratory Fishes in Portugal is the first book with dedicated information about the 62 fishes listed for freshwater ecosystems in the region, including data on their morphological characteristics, distribu-tion, ecology, conservation, and economic value, and original scientific drawings by Claudia Baeta and Pedro Salgado. The guide is directed to the general public, scholars and fishermen, constitutes a groundbreaking mark for the Portuguese and Iberian ichthyology, and hopes to attract more research and public engagement to the conservation of the freshwater ecosystems.
{"title":"A First Guide to Freshwater and Diadromous Fish in Portugal","authors":"M. COLLARES-PEREIRA, M. J. Alves, Filipe Ribeiro, I. Domingos, Pedro Raposo de Almeida, Luís Moreira da Costa, H. Gante, A. Filipe, M. Aboim, Patrícia Marta, M. F. Magalhães","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013142","url":null,"abstract":": Fresh waters are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the world. Not surprisingly, freshwater and diadromous fishes, which show remarkably high levels of endemism, are declining dramatically worldwide. In Portugal, more than 60% of the native fishes are already threatened and risk further population declines due to the intensification of multiple threats such as habitat loss and degradation, non-native species, and climate change. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive information about this vertebrate group in Portugal, and also in Spain. A Guide to Freshwater and Migratory Fishes in Portugal is the first book with dedicated information about the 62 fishes listed for freshwater ecosystems in the region, including data on their morphological characteristics, distribu-tion, ecology, conservation, and economic value, and original scientific drawings by Claudia Baeta and Pedro Salgado. The guide is directed to the general public, scholars and fishermen, constitutes a groundbreaking mark for the Portuguese and Iberian ichthyology, and hopes to attract more research and public engagement to the conservation of the freshwater ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114529347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Faliex, C. Antunes, A. Bardonnet, Anna Costarrosa, E. Diaz, R. De Miguel, I. Domingos, C. Fernández-Delgado, M. Herrera, M. Korta, R. Lagarde, M. Mercader, Rui Monteiro, Alban Moura, Teresa Portela, François Prellwitz, Noémie Régli, J. Rives, Gaël Simon, Lluís Zamora Hernández, E. Amilhat
{"title":"Anguillicola crassus Infection in Different Ecosystems of the Southwestern European Area","authors":"E. Faliex, C. Antunes, A. Bardonnet, Anna Costarrosa, E. Diaz, R. De Miguel, I. Domingos, C. Fernández-Delgado, M. Herrera, M. Korta, R. Lagarde, M. Mercader, Rui Monteiro, Alban Moura, Teresa Portela, François Prellwitz, Noémie Régli, J. Rives, Gaël Simon, Lluís Zamora Hernández, E. Amilhat","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131534504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Updated Assessment on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Oceans","authors":"Elena Ojea","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130294190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Hernández, C. Sousa‐Santos, Fátima Gil, P. Guerreiro, E. Cabrita, V. Gallego
: Populations of egg yolk. This study is the first of its kind to successfully achieve gamete cryopreservation of Iberian endemic and endangered freshwater fish species, developing new and useful tools to complement the management and conservation programs.
{"title":"Sperm Characterization of Endangered Leuciscids Endemic from the Iberian Peninsula: Gamete Storage as a Tool for Helping Ex-Situ Breeding Programs","authors":"Ana Hernández, C. Sousa‐Santos, Fátima Gil, P. Guerreiro, E. Cabrita, V. Gallego","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013140","url":null,"abstract":": Populations of egg yolk. This study is the first of its kind to successfully achieve gamete cryopreservation of Iberian endemic and endangered freshwater fish species, developing new and useful tools to complement the management and conservation programs.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125752062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations living in Mediterranean peninsulas and the sur-rounding islands belong to old evolutionary lineages that persisted during Quaternary glaciations. Many of these populations inhabit marginal areas along the south limit of the distribution of the species, where they face hard environmental conditions (drought, high temperatures and sudden shifts in water flow) that can get worse by anthropogenic activities and climate change. In islands, this vulnerable situation is exacerbated by geographical isolation. Sicilian trout remain only in the south-eastern part of the island and, based on their morphological characteristics, they have been recognized as a distinct species named Salmo cetti . Despite their genetic singularity among other Italian trout (a unique Italian native trout of Atlantic origin), the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes that were found in Sicily are clearly related with the brown trout Atlantic lineages from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. In the present study, brown trout in four rivers from north-eastern Sicily were genetically analysed. Based on the genotyping of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (LDHC, GP1, GP14, GP31, GP34, GP37, GP38, GP42, SS2 and SL) genes, this study aimed to: evaluate the impact of past stocking practices in natural populations; estimate mitochondrial and nuclear gene diversity; and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Sicilian trout. The initial results showed that only trout from the Tellessimo River remain free from hatchery introgression. Gene diversity was low in most populations, and both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction related Sicilian trout with old Atlantic lineages.
{"title":"Endemic Sicilian Brown Trout Endangered by Hatchery Introgression and Low Gene Diversity","authors":"N. Sanz, A. Duchi, Monica Giampiccolo","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013133","url":null,"abstract":": Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) populations living in Mediterranean peninsulas and the sur-rounding islands belong to old evolutionary lineages that persisted during Quaternary glaciations. Many of these populations inhabit marginal areas along the south limit of the distribution of the species, where they face hard environmental conditions (drought, high temperatures and sudden shifts in water flow) that can get worse by anthropogenic activities and climate change. In islands, this vulnerable situation is exacerbated by geographical isolation. Sicilian trout remain only in the south-eastern part of the island and, based on their morphological characteristics, they have been recognized as a distinct species named Salmo cetti . Despite their genetic singularity among other Italian trout (a unique Italian native trout of Atlantic origin), the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes that were found in Sicily are clearly related with the brown trout Atlantic lineages from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula. In the present study, brown trout in four rivers from north-eastern Sicily were genetically analysed. Based on the genotyping of mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear (LDHC, GP1, GP14, GP31, GP34, GP37, GP38, GP42, SS2 and SL) genes, this study aimed to: evaluate the impact of past stocking practices in natural populations; estimate mitochondrial and nuclear gene diversity; and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Sicilian trout. The initial results showed that only trout from the Tellessimo River remain free from hatchery introgression. Gene diversity was low in most populations, and both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic reconstruction related Sicilian trout with old Atlantic lineages.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127989912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Filipe, J. Santos, Paulo Branco, M. T. C. de Melo, Rodrigo Proença de Oliveira, Susana Fernandes, M. H. Alves, Alice Fialho, M. J. Moura, L. Pinto, Noémia P. Santiago, M. T. Ferreira
: Recent climate scenarios predict dramatic changes for the inland region of Portugal, where the increase in air temperature might reach +5 ◦ C by 2100, accompanied by a strong decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme events. Such forecasts imply changes in thermal and hydrological patterns in the coming decades, leading to an increase in the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts and floods. Consequently, the sustainable development of Portugal’s inland region will inevitably depend on the ability to adapt to such climate-related changes. The project AQUADAPT, funded by ‘La Caixa’ Foundation, aims to promote the resilience of river ecosystems to climate change, through risk assessment and the construction of adaptation tools. We will develop a high-resolution monitoring and warning system through modelling, forecasting and planning techniques using freshwater fishes as indicators, and test nature-based solutions in degraded areas of protected and agricultural areas. The innovative character of this project lies in the multidisciplinary approach gathering investigation, planning tools and dissemination, and its relevance lies in the construction of replicable products at the national and international context. By bringing together academic partners (ISA-CEF and IST-CERIS), public administration (APA) and companies (EDIA), the project AQUADAPT uses a multidisciplinary-approach gathering investigation, planning tools and dissemination. The gained knowledge of climate and hydrological changes, their impacts and possible natural responses to promote resistance and resilience of ecosystems will allow the construction of scenarios and alternatives for informed decision making by politicians, managers and other stakeholders for the coming decades. This way, the project AQUADAPT will nurture the transformation towards a more sustainable region for people and nature.
{"title":"Climate-Change-Proof Riverine Ecosystems for Sustainable Management: The AQUADAPT Project","authors":"A. Filipe, J. Santos, Paulo Branco, M. T. C. de Melo, Rodrigo Proença de Oliveira, Susana Fernandes, M. H. Alves, Alice Fialho, M. J. Moura, L. Pinto, Noémia P. Santiago, M. T. Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013136","url":null,"abstract":": Recent climate scenarios predict dramatic changes for the inland region of Portugal, where the increase in air temperature might reach +5 ◦ C by 2100, accompanied by a strong decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme events. Such forecasts imply changes in thermal and hydrological patterns in the coming decades, leading to an increase in the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts and floods. Consequently, the sustainable development of Portugal’s inland region will inevitably depend on the ability to adapt to such climate-related changes. The project AQUADAPT, funded by ‘La Caixa’ Foundation, aims to promote the resilience of river ecosystems to climate change, through risk assessment and the construction of adaptation tools. We will develop a high-resolution monitoring and warning system through modelling, forecasting and planning techniques using freshwater fishes as indicators, and test nature-based solutions in degraded areas of protected and agricultural areas. The innovative character of this project lies in the multidisciplinary approach gathering investigation, planning tools and dissemination, and its relevance lies in the construction of replicable products at the national and international context. By bringing together academic partners (ISA-CEF and IST-CERIS), public administration (APA) and companies (EDIA), the project AQUADAPT uses a multidisciplinary-approach gathering investigation, planning tools and dissemination. The gained knowledge of climate and hydrological changes, their impacts and possible natural responses to promote resistance and resilience of ecosystems will allow the construction of scenarios and alternatives for informed decision making by politicians, managers and other stakeholders for the coming decades. This way, the project AQUADAPT will nurture the transformation towards a more sustainable region for people and nature.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123407501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Nogueira, M. Curto, P. Félix, J. Heumüller, F. Afonso, Diogo Dias, P. Chainho, A. Brito, R. Lima, Filipe Ribeiro
{"title":"Using DNA Metabarcoding to Uncover the Diet of the Invasive Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in Mangroves from the Island of São Tomé","authors":"Sofia Nogueira, M. Curto, P. Félix, J. Heumüller, F. Afonso, Diogo Dias, P. Chainho, A. Brito, R. Lima, Filipe Ribeiro","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115047708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Costarrosa, D. Jorda-Capdevila, Andreu Porcar, J. López-Dovál, Q. Pou-Rovira, A. Herrero, G. Negro, Roberta Colucci, Beatrice Pinna, P. Vezza
: In Mediterranean streams and rivers in general, aquatic organisms use a specific habitat for rearing, growing, breeding, and wintering. Multiple studies have focused on this subject, but few for the specific purpose of developing suitability models that feed hydrobiological models for the analysis of flow regimes and the design of environmental flows. Therefore, this study analyzes the habitat preferences of five freshwater species of fish and mussels in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula for that purpose. We use simple decision trees and random forest (RF), a machine learning technique based on the aggregation of multiple decision trees, to develop suitability models that relate the habitat preferences of the five species—separately adults and juveniles—to different attributes of a physical habitat at the meso-scale. Selected attributes are the surface percentage of different levels of depth (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, . . . , >120 cm), velocity (0–15 cm/s, 15–30 cm/s, . . . , >120 cm/s) and abiotic/biotic substrate (e.g., gigalithal, megalithal, detritus, phytal), and absence/presence of refuges (boulder, canopy shading, emerging vegetation, undercut banks, woody debris, roots). The models were developed in order to predict three ranks of habitat suitability: absence, presence and abundance, depending on the mentioned attributes of the mesohabitat analysed. Our study provides quantitative results concerning the correspondence between the presence and abundance of different species and habitat characteristics, confirming qualitative observations stated in previous studies. We proved now that the adult mussels of Unio genus require a minimum of 5% of sand or silt, low velocities, and undercut banks and roots; that Barbus meridionalis habitat changes considerably among seasons; that Salaria fluviatilis needs coarse substrates (megalithal, macrolithal and mesolithal) and velocities above 15 cm/s; and that the adult Squalius laietanus prefers glides and pools with depths above 60 cm and velocities below 45 cm/s, depending on the season; and that Anguilla anguilla prefers intermediate size substrates (macrolithal, mesolithal and microlithal). These results are essential for the modeling of environmental flows in rivers where these species are present. Thus, by analyzing how their physical habitat changes according to the flow regime, one can see whether the available habitat of fish and mussels increases or decreases and predict periods of danger for the species.
{"title":"Suitability Models at Mesohabitat Scale of Native Freshwater Fish and Mussels for Their Application in Environmental Flows Assessment in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Anna Costarrosa, D. Jorda-Capdevila, Andreu Porcar, J. López-Dovál, Q. Pou-Rovira, A. Herrero, G. Negro, Roberta Colucci, Beatrice Pinna, P. Vezza","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013138","url":null,"abstract":": In Mediterranean streams and rivers in general, aquatic organisms use a specific habitat for rearing, growing, breeding, and wintering. Multiple studies have focused on this subject, but few for the specific purpose of developing suitability models that feed hydrobiological models for the analysis of flow regimes and the design of environmental flows. Therefore, this study analyzes the habitat preferences of five freshwater species of fish and mussels in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula for that purpose. We use simple decision trees and random forest (RF), a machine learning technique based on the aggregation of multiple decision trees, to develop suitability models that relate the habitat preferences of the five species—separately adults and juveniles—to different attributes of a physical habitat at the meso-scale. Selected attributes are the surface percentage of different levels of depth (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, . . . , >120 cm), velocity (0–15 cm/s, 15–30 cm/s, . . . , >120 cm/s) and abiotic/biotic substrate (e.g., gigalithal, megalithal, detritus, phytal), and absence/presence of refuges (boulder, canopy shading, emerging vegetation, undercut banks, woody debris, roots). The models were developed in order to predict three ranks of habitat suitability: absence, presence and abundance, depending on the mentioned attributes of the mesohabitat analysed. Our study provides quantitative results concerning the correspondence between the presence and abundance of different species and habitat characteristics, confirming qualitative observations stated in previous studies. We proved now that the adult mussels of Unio genus require a minimum of 5% of sand or silt, low velocities, and undercut banks and roots; that Barbus meridionalis habitat changes considerably among seasons; that Salaria fluviatilis needs coarse substrates (megalithal, macrolithal and mesolithal) and velocities above 15 cm/s; and that the adult Squalius laietanus prefers glides and pools with depths above 60 cm and velocities below 45 cm/s, depending on the season; and that Anguilla anguilla prefers intermediate size substrates (macrolithal, mesolithal and microlithal). These results are essential for the modeling of environmental flows in rivers where these species are present. Thus, by analyzing how their physical habitat changes according to the flow regime, one can see whether the available habitat of fish and mussels increases or decreases and predict periods of danger for the species.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125981315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Teixeira, João M. Oliveira, F. Sá, Nuno Pereira, António Faro, P. Segurado, F. Miranda, Fernando Teixeira, A. Martinho, M. F. Magalhães
{"title":"Resident Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations in Portugal: Status, Threats, and Fishery Management Requirements","authors":"A. Teixeira, João M. Oliveira, F. Sá, Nuno Pereira, António Faro, P. Segurado, F. Miranda, Fernando Teixeira, A. Martinho, M. F. Magalhães","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126574434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. G. D. Santos, Nathalia da Silva Lucarevschi, Eshefison Rodrigues Batista, Simone Gomes Ferreira
: This study aimed to analyse the integrated system of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris . Experiments were performed in a 45 L aquarium under the following controlled conditions: temperature 22 ◦ C, dissolved oxygen 5 mg/L, salinity 30, and photoperiod 12 h light. There were 10 fish per aquarium, fed with commercial food. Four treatments were tested (three replicates per treatment): (1) only fish (control); (2) fish with 250 g seaweed; (3) fish with 500 g seaweed; and (4) fish with 750 g seaweed. Weekly seaweed and fish were weighed and measured, and ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrite (NO 2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), phosphate (PO 43 − ), and phosphorus (P) were analyzed. The total weight (g) (TW) of fish differed over time (F = 0.00) and between treatments (F = 2.84; p = 0.03). Higher TW ( ± 0.75 g) occurred in treatment 3 and after 14 days did not significantly differ from the end of the experiment ( p < 0.01). The total length of fish (cm) did not differ significantly over time (F = 0.64; p = 0.66) or between treatments (F = 0.34; p = 0.79). The relative growth rate of seaweed (RGR) did not differ over time ( p > 0.12). There was a significant interaction between the nutrients present in the water by treatment and time (F = 3.59; p = 0.00). The nutrient removal efficiency (NRE) of NH 3 and NO 2 was higher in treatments 3 and 1, respectively, reaching ± 30% at 14 days ( p < 0.001), and from the 21st day of the experiment, the values were close to zero, with no significant difference between treatments up to 35 days ( p > 0.90 for both). The NRE of NO 3 − increased by 2% at 28 days of the experiment, with no significant difference between treatments ( p > 0.07). The NRE of P was ± 25% at 14 days and was not different between treatments 1 and 2. The NRE of PO 43 − reached 14% at 21 days for treatments 1, 2 and 3 ( p < 0.001). The control showed lower values for the NRE of NH3, NO 3 − , P, and PO 43 − compared to the treatments, but the NRE of NO 2 increased in 14 days. It is concluded that a greater abundance of K. alvarezii helps in water quality and contributes to the total weight of clownfish between 14 and 21 days.
{"title":"Integrated System of Red Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) and Clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris (Perciformes, Pomacentridae): An Experimental Study","authors":"A. F. G. D. Santos, Nathalia da Silva Lucarevschi, Eshefison Rodrigues Batista, Simone Gomes Ferreira","doi":"10.3390/blsf2022013130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2022013130","url":null,"abstract":": This study aimed to analyse the integrated system of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris . Experiments were performed in a 45 L aquarium under the following controlled conditions: temperature 22 ◦ C, dissolved oxygen 5 mg/L, salinity 30, and photoperiod 12 h light. There were 10 fish per aquarium, fed with commercial food. Four treatments were tested (three replicates per treatment): (1) only fish (control); (2) fish with 250 g seaweed; (3) fish with 500 g seaweed; and (4) fish with 750 g seaweed. Weekly seaweed and fish were weighed and measured, and ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrite (NO 2 ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), phosphate (PO 43 − ), and phosphorus (P) were analyzed. The total weight (g) (TW) of fish differed over time (F = 0.00) and between treatments (F = 2.84; p = 0.03). Higher TW ( ± 0.75 g) occurred in treatment 3 and after 14 days did not significantly differ from the end of the experiment ( p < 0.01). The total length of fish (cm) did not differ significantly over time (F = 0.64; p = 0.66) or between treatments (F = 0.34; p = 0.79). The relative growth rate of seaweed (RGR) did not differ over time ( p > 0.12). There was a significant interaction between the nutrients present in the water by treatment and time (F = 3.59; p = 0.00). The nutrient removal efficiency (NRE) of NH 3 and NO 2 was higher in treatments 3 and 1, respectively, reaching ± 30% at 14 days ( p < 0.001), and from the 21st day of the experiment, the values were close to zero, with no significant difference between treatments up to 35 days ( p > 0.90 for both). The NRE of NO 3 − increased by 2% at 28 days of the experiment, with no significant difference between treatments ( p > 0.07). The NRE of P was ± 25% at 14 days and was not different between treatments 1 and 2. The NRE of PO 43 − reached 14% at 21 days for treatments 1, 2 and 3 ( p < 0.001). The control showed lower values for the NRE of NH3, NO 3 − , P, and PO 43 − compared to the treatments, but the NRE of NO 2 increased in 14 days. It is concluded that a greater abundance of K. alvarezii helps in water quality and contributes to the total weight of clownfish between 14 and 21 days.","PeriodicalId":142804,"journal":{"name":"The IX Iberian Congress of Ichthyology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123221836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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