Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3425f
Sonal S. Mundhada
The present work is an attempt to examine the soap industrial effluents of Amravati region. Physicochemical Parameters of the effluents from soap industry of Amravati region had been analyzed. In this investigation Physico-Chemical Parameters such as colour, odour temperature, pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids, hardness of calcium and magnesium, chloride, COD, BOD, SAR, fluoride, Iron and alkalinity & sulphate had been analyzed of the effluent collected from the soap industry of Amravati region. Sodium and potassium elements were analyzed flame photo -metrically. It can be stated that the different studied physic-chemical parameter In which COD, pH, TDS, Sulphate ion Concentration fluoride & chloride Concentration exceeds than the WHO permissible limit the water needs to be treated before using it for domestic application.
{"title":"Determination of Physico-Chemical Properties of Effluents from Soap Industry in Amravati","authors":"Sonal S. Mundhada","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3425f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3425f","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is an attempt to examine the soap industrial effluents of Amravati region. \u0000Physicochemical Parameters of the effluents from soap industry of Amravati region had been analyzed. In this investigation Physico-Chemical Parameters such as colour, odour temperature, pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids, hardness of calcium and magnesium, chloride, COD, BOD, SAR, fluoride, Iron and alkalinity & sulphate had been analyzed of the effluent collected from the soap industry of Amravati region. Sodium and potassium elements were analyzed flame photo -metrically. It can be stated that the different studied physic-chemical parameter In which COD, pH, TDS, Sulphate ion Concentration fluoride & chloride Concentration exceeds than the WHO permissible limit the water needs to be treated before using it for domestic application.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128341859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/1794c
M. Krishna, N. Janardhan, N. Rao
{"title":"Influence of Injector Opening Pressure on Exhaust Emissions in Insulated Diesel Engine","authors":"M. Krishna, N. Janardhan, N. Rao","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/1794c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/1794c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123535849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3062f
V. Agrawal
Rare gynaecological malignancies are discussed in this book chapter. 1) Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a rare, benign soft-tissue tumour that mostly affects middle-aged women's vulvovaginal region. It's critical to distinguish an AMF from other stromal cell lesions in the clinic. We present the case of a 35-year-old lady who was diagnosed with a rare, large pelvic AMF that had a benign clinical history. 2)Pediatric ovarian adenocarcinoma; The Surface epithelial stromal tumours (adenocarcinomas), representing 80% to 90% of adult ovarian neoplasms, account for only 7% of malignancies in children. A case of ovarian adenocarcinoma in a 14-year-old female is presented here. 3) PECOMA (Perivascular epitheloid cell tumor) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumour in which we present a case of uterine PECOMA in a 45-year-old woman.
{"title":"A Clinical Series of Rare Gynaecological Malignancies- An Overview","authors":"V. Agrawal","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3062f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3062f","url":null,"abstract":"Rare gynaecological malignancies are discussed in this book chapter. 1) Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF) is a rare, benign soft-tissue tumour that mostly affects middle-aged women's vulvovaginal region. It's critical to distinguish an AMF from other stromal cell lesions in the clinic. We present the case of a 35-year-old lady who was diagnosed with a rare, large pelvic AMF that had a benign clinical history. 2)Pediatric ovarian adenocarcinoma; The Surface epithelial stromal tumours (adenocarcinomas), representing 80% to 90% of adult ovarian neoplasms, account for only 7% of malignancies in children. A case of ovarian adenocarcinoma in a 14-year-old female is presented here. 3) PECOMA (Perivascular epitheloid cell tumor) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumour in which we present a case of uterine PECOMA in a 45-year-old woman.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123991064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/11181d
Priyanka P. Shinde, Varsha P. Desai, K. S. Oza
In today’s world everyone uses vehicle for the transportation this leads lots of air pollution, lots of traffic and wastage of time as well as wastage of fuel. It also leads driver dissatisfaction and costs billions of dollars every year in fuel utilization all over the world. Tracking down an appropriate answer for vehicle clog is an extensive test because of the dynamic and capricious nature of the organization geography of vehicular conditions, particularly in metropolitan regions. The objective of study is to find the shortest path to minimize the drawback of travelling. In the ant colony optimization, there are various techniques used to resolve the travelling salesman problem. The literature study of ant colony optimization algorithm is studied to find out how the ant colony algorithms used for solving the travelling salesman problem and improve the performance according to the requirements. The behavior of ant is observed to do improvements in the ant colony optimization algorithm. Ant leaves pheromone while traveling the other ants follows that pheromone trail and by trail of pheromone, ants can determine the shortest path of travelling. Similarly, the ACO is used in TSP in which the algorithm helps to visit each city only once with minimal distance and time.
{"title":"Application of Ant Colony Optimization: An Approach towards Travelling Salesman Problem Resolution","authors":"Priyanka P. Shinde, Varsha P. Desai, K. S. Oza","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/11181d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/11181d","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world everyone uses vehicle for the transportation this leads lots of air pollution, lots of traffic and wastage of time as well as wastage of fuel. It also leads driver dissatisfaction and costs billions of dollars every year in fuel utilization all over the world. Tracking down an appropriate answer for vehicle clog is an extensive test because of the dynamic and capricious nature of the organization geography of vehicular conditions, particularly in metropolitan regions. The objective of study is to find the shortest path to minimize the drawback of travelling. In the ant colony optimization, there are various techniques used to resolve the travelling salesman problem. The literature study of ant colony optimization algorithm is studied to find out how the ant colony algorithms used for solving the travelling salesman problem and improve the performance according to the requirements. The behavior of ant is observed to do improvements in the ant colony optimization algorithm. Ant leaves pheromone while traveling the other ants follows that pheromone trail and by trail of pheromone, ants can determine the shortest path of travelling. Similarly, the ACO is used in TSP in which the algorithm helps to visit each city only once with minimal distance and time.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128936687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3081d
K. K. Sha’a, S. Oguche, I. M. Watila, T. Ikpa
Malaria is a major infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. P. falciparum resistance to almost all antimalarial drugs has necessitated the search for antimalarial compounds. The antimalarial activities of aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant used by traditional healers to treat malaria and other diseases, were tested in vitro against 14 fresh isolates of P. falciparum from Damboa, Borno State, Nigeria. The extracts were also tested for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. There was a significant inhibition in schizont maturation relative to control (P = 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited higher antimalarial activity of 78.10%, IC50 of 11.2 µg/ml and aqueous extract had an activity of 74.02%, IC50 of 13.6 µg/ml. Both extracts showed moderate antimalarial activity. The extracts exhibited negligible toxicity in rats and showed a good measure of anti-inflammatory activity. This finding supports the plant's traditional use in malaria treatment. More research is needed to isolate, identify, and characterise the active principles in the plant.
{"title":"Antimalarial Activity of the Extracts of Vernonia Amygdalina Commonly Used in Traditional Medicine in Nigeria: An in vitro Study","authors":"K. K. Sha’a, S. Oguche, I. M. Watila, T. Ikpa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3081d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3081d","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a major infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. P. falciparum resistance to almost all antimalarial drugs has necessitated the search for antimalarial compounds. The antimalarial activities of aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, a plant used by traditional healers to treat malaria and other diseases, were tested in vitro against 14 fresh isolates of P. falciparum from Damboa, Borno State, Nigeria. The extracts were also tested for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory efficacy. There was a significant inhibition in schizont maturation relative to control (P = 0.05). Ethanolic extract exhibited higher antimalarial activity of 78.10%, IC50 of 11.2 µg/ml and aqueous extract had an activity of 74.02%, IC50 of 13.6 µg/ml. Both extracts showed moderate antimalarial activity. The extracts exhibited negligible toxicity in rats and showed a good measure of anti-inflammatory activity. This finding supports the plant's traditional use in malaria treatment. More research is needed to isolate, identify, and characterise the active principles in the plant.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/10764d
Nirmalendu Das
Light is very sensitive matter. In terms of mass of a photon is important in every field of matter thus for the universe. The scientists of many countries are trying to find the mass of photon by experiment since 1936 and continuing this work in various countries. But the obtained results are differing to each other. So, we cannot consider these mass of a photon. On the other hand matter is made by the photons. We get this idea from the Einstein equation E = mc2. Again, energy is nothing but the bunch of photons. I calculate the mass of a photon (1.6596x10-54 gm) [1] and this mass is applicable to all fields. Here, in this article, we can calculate the mass of “Curie particle” (Unknown to us) by using this mass of photon & is related to Higgs and other sub-atomic particles. The energy of Higgs particle is very low as per BICEP2`s experimental report [2] and I reported about this matter in the year 2011 to “The Authority of CERN, Editor of Press release of CERN and many other places” by emailing, but did not get answer in this regards. But this is very interesting that as per “Universe Today” report (20th November, 2014) of BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization), my calculated observation supports their views. Dr. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM, SRIJAN PAL SINGH reported (17 June, 2015) the mass neutrino as 1x10-37 kg [3] (in terms of energy is 0.056095861 eV) obtained from calculated results from the difference of two particles. Again, as per report, 19th June, & 27th July 2015, my calculated values tallied “The LHCb collaboration” [4], “ATLAS” [5] experiments. From this view, we have to think on photon`s mass and its activities. From the calculated results, we can say, the mass of a photon is correct and it is applicable to all fields from the particle to the universe.
光是非常敏感的物质。光子的质量在物质的每一个领域都很重要，因此对宇宙来说。自1936年以来，许多国家的科学家都在试图通过实验找到光子的质量，并在各国继续这项工作。但是得到的结果却各不相同。所以我们不能考虑光子的质量。另一方面，物质是由光子构成的。我们从爱因斯坦方程E = mc2中得到这个概念。再说一遍，能量不过是一束光子。我计算了光子的质量(1.6596 × 10-54 gm)[1]，这个质量适用于所有领域。在这里，在这篇文章中，我们可以通过光子的质量来计算“居里粒子”(我们未知)的质量&它与希格斯粒子和其他亚原子粒子有关。根据BICEP2的实验报告[2]，希格斯粒子的能量非常低，我在2011年通过邮件向“CERN权威机构、CERN新闻稿编辑等多处”报告了此事，但没有得到答复。但是非常有趣的是，根据BICEP2(宇宙河外偏振背景成像)的“今日宇宙”报告(2014年11月20日)，我的计算观测支持了他们的观点。A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM, SRIJAN PAL SINGH博士报告(2015年6月17日)从两个粒子差的计算结果中获得了质量为1 × 10-37 kg[3](能量为0.056095861 eV)的中微子。同样，根据2015年6月19日和7月27日的报告，我的计算值符合“LHCb协作”[4]，“ATLAS”[5]实验。从这个观点出发，我们必须考虑光子的质量及其活动。从计算结果可以看出，光子的质量是正确的，它适用于从粒子到宇宙的所有领域。
{"title":"Curie Particle and the Relation between the Masses of Sub-atomic Particles, Supporting (BICEP2`s) Experiments, Mass of Neutrino, Present “The LHCb Collaboration” & “Atlas” Experiments: Scientific Explanation","authors":"Nirmalendu Das","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/10764d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/10764d","url":null,"abstract":"Light is very sensitive matter. In terms of mass of a photon is important in every field of matter thus for the universe. The scientists of many countries are trying to find the mass of photon by experiment since 1936 and continuing this work in various countries. But the obtained results are differing to each other. So, we cannot consider these mass of a photon. On the other hand matter is made by the photons. We get this idea from the Einstein equation E = mc2. Again, energy is nothing but the bunch of photons. I calculate the mass of a photon (1.6596x10-54 gm) [1] and this mass is applicable to all fields. Here, in this article, we can calculate the mass of “Curie particle” (Unknown to us) by using this mass of photon & is related to Higgs and other sub-atomic particles. The energy of Higgs particle is very low as per BICEP2`s experimental report [2] and I reported about this matter in the year 2011 to “The Authority of CERN, Editor of Press release of CERN and many other places” by emailing, but did not get answer in this regards. But this is very interesting that as per “Universe Today” report (20th November, 2014) of BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization), my calculated observation supports their views. Dr. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM, SRIJAN PAL SINGH reported (17 June, 2015) the mass neutrino as 1x10-37 kg [3] (in terms of energy is 0.056095861 eV) obtained from calculated results from the difference of two particles. \u0000Again, as per report, 19th June, & 27th July 2015, my calculated values tallied “The LHCb collaboration” [4], “ATLAS” [5] experiments. From this view, we have to think on photon`s mass and its activities. From the calculated results, we can say, the mass of a photon is correct and it is applicable to all fields from the particle to the universe.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3542f
H. Albert, C. A. Gonsago
L-histidinium maleate 1.5-hydrate (LHM), a new amino acid organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material was synthesized from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The solubility of the compound was studied in aqueous solution at different temperatures. The structural arrangement the grown crystal was identified using single crystal XRD and powder XRD studies. The chemical composition of the grown crystal was confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The percentage of optical transmittance by the grown crystal was identified by UV–visible spectral study. The nonlinear optical property of the grown material was observed by the powder technique of Kurtz and Perry. The surface morphology of the grown crystal was investigated by HR-SEM analysis. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was ascertained by differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.
{"title":"Investigation on L-Histidinium Maleate 1.5-Hydrate Crystals for Nonlinear Frequency Conversion","authors":"H. Albert, C. A. Gonsago","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3542f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3542f","url":null,"abstract":"L-histidinium maleate 1.5-hydrate (LHM), a new amino acid organic nonlinear optical (NLO) material was synthesized from aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation method at room temperature. The solubility of the compound was studied in aqueous solution at different temperatures. The structural arrangement the grown crystal was identified using single crystal XRD and powder XRD studies. The chemical composition of the grown crystal was confirmed by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The percentage of optical transmittance by the grown crystal was identified by UV–visible spectral study. The nonlinear optical property of the grown material was observed by the powder technique of Kurtz and Perry. The surface morphology of the grown crystal was investigated by HR-SEM analysis. The thermal stability of the grown crystal was ascertained by differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134426997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/2642f
M. A. Mustapha
Administration of Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs) especially artemether and lumefantrine fixed dose combination as a first line treatment in uncomplicated falciparum malarial illness received global acclamation and recommendation: This study was undertaken to devise the best way to incorporate artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as model drugs during processing without compromising quality. Utilization of analytical tools revealed how compatibility of formulation components and suitability of process methods were monitored and controlled to achieve quality outcome. Excipients of proven performance in wet granulation method as well as AL as model drugs were designed into six formulations coded F-1 to F-6 to reflect modes of incorporation. Physical mixtures and wet granulated samples at different levels of processing were screened as in-process materials for compatibility and method suitability using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Assessment of potential risks inherent in formulation and process unit operations was adequately addressed by these instruments. Matching and comparison of spectra, thermograms and chromatograms at different levels of processing indicated that there were no disappearance of old or appearance of new spectral bands; showed reduction of melting endotherm and similar characteristic elution times of AL as they transformed from pure material to physical mixture (PM) and to granules. Results from this work alluded to compatibility of formulation components and suitability of processing techniques to the extent that the resultant granulates were good enough for further processing.
{"title":"Analytical Tools- Driven Compatibility and Processing Methods Study: A Case of Artemether-Lumefantrine Fixed Dose Combination Formulation","authors":"M. A. Mustapha","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/2642f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/2642f","url":null,"abstract":"Administration of Artemisinin based Combination Therapies (ACTs) especially artemether and lumefantrine fixed dose combination as a first line treatment in uncomplicated falciparum malarial illness received global acclamation and recommendation: This study was undertaken to devise the best way to incorporate artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as model drugs during processing without compromising quality. Utilization of analytical tools revealed how compatibility of formulation components and suitability of process methods were monitored and controlled to achieve quality outcome. Excipients of proven performance in wet granulation method as well as AL as model drugs were designed into six formulations coded F-1 to F-6 to reflect modes of incorporation. Physical mixtures and wet granulated samples at different levels of processing were screened as in-process materials for compatibility and method suitability using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Assessment of potential risks inherent in formulation and process unit operations was adequately addressed by these instruments. \u0000Matching and comparison of spectra, thermograms and chromatograms at different levels of processing indicated that there were no disappearance of old or appearance of new spectral bands; showed reduction of melting endotherm and similar characteristic elution times of AL as they transformed from pure material to physical mixture (PM) and to granules. Results from this work alluded to compatibility of formulation components and suitability of processing techniques to the extent that the resultant granulates were good enough for further processing.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133533762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3307d
A. E. Aiwonegbe, J. U. Iyasele, N. O. Izevbuwa
To determine its biological potentials, the phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of methanolic and acetone extracts of Vitex doniana (Sweet) fruit were investigated. The fruit contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, and cardiac glycoside, according to the study. The percentage proximate composition of the fruit of the plant were as follows: moisture 10.00%, ash 18.00%, crude fibre 4.50%, crude protein 0.60%, carbohydrate 43.20% and crude lipids 23.70%. The existence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium was confirmed by elemental analysis. The agar (Mullen-Hinton) diffusion method was used to test the methanolic and acetone extracts of the plant's fruit against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas areuginosa, and Klebsiella pnuemoniae. The zone of inhibition for the methanol extract ranged between 10.50 to 21.00 (mm) for all concentrations (1000, 500 and 250 mg/ml) . While the acetone extract only inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli to 7.50mm at a concentration of 1000mg/ml. The findings suggest that the fruit extracts have antibacterial properties and could be used to treat a variety of diseases and malnutrition.
{"title":"Studies on Proximate Composition, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Screening of the Methanol and Acetone Extracts of Vitex doniana Fruit Pulp","authors":"A. E. Aiwonegbe, J. U. Iyasele, N. O. Izevbuwa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3307d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3307d","url":null,"abstract":"To determine its biological potentials, the phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of methanolic and acetone extracts of Vitex doniana (Sweet) fruit were investigated. The fruit contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, steroids, and cardiac glycoside, according to the study. The percentage proximate composition of the fruit of the plant were as follows: moisture 10.00%, ash 18.00%, crude fibre 4.50%, crude protein 0.60%, carbohydrate 43.20% and crude lipids 23.70%. The existence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium was confirmed by elemental analysis. The agar (Mullen-Hinton) diffusion method was used to test the methanolic and acetone extracts of the plant's fruit against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas areuginosa, and Klebsiella pnuemoniae. The zone of inhibition for the methanol extract ranged between 10.50 to 21.00 (mm) for all concentrations (1000, 500 and 250 mg/ml) . While the acetone extract only inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli to 7.50mm at a concentration of 1000mg/ml. The findings suggest that the fruit extracts have antibacterial properties and could be used to treat a variety of diseases and malnutrition.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122101795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3282f
A. Tarrad
The borehole thermal performance prediction is critical in the performance assessment and economical utilization of the ground source heat pump (GSHP). Hence, it is inevitable to evaluate these correlations and reveal their accuracy limits before adapting to the thermal design of the ground heat exchangers. The present article launches an evaluation for the available correlations of the borehole thermal resistance predictions in the direct ground exchange (DX) condenser when it circulates R-410A refrigerant. Eleven elected correlations in the open literature were examined to predict the thermal resistance of vertical single and double U-tube heat exchangers for various geometry configurations. A hypothetical (3.5) kW cooling unit of (3.6) COP was employed to investigate the borehole thermal resistance and depth of the ground copper tubing DX condenser in a single and two-loops design. A large scatter was evident for the borehole thermal resistance and depth as predicted by these correlations. It was as much as double for the examined single and double U-tube geometries. The principal outcome of the present study proved that the utilization of these correlations is only in the preliminary thermal design of the ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). They cannot be adopted for a finalized thermal structure of the borehole without being supported by experimental data due to their predictions' wide range of variations. Many correlations showed good interaction with the borehole configuration, tube diameter (do), tube center-center spacing (Sp), and borehole size (DB). All of the examined models showed that increasing the grout thermal conductivity enhances the thermal performance of the borehole and minimizes the depth for given operating conditions.
{"title":"A Brief Review and Evaluation of Available 1-Dimensional Models for the Borehole Thermal Performance Prediction in a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System","authors":"A. Tarrad","doi":"10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3282f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/castr/v13/3282f","url":null,"abstract":"The borehole thermal performance prediction is critical in the performance assessment and economical utilization of the ground source heat pump (GSHP). Hence, it is inevitable to evaluate these correlations and reveal their accuracy limits before adapting to the thermal design of the ground heat exchangers. The present article launches an evaluation for the available correlations of the borehole thermal resistance predictions in the direct ground exchange (DX) condenser when it circulates R-410A refrigerant. Eleven elected correlations in the open literature were examined to predict the thermal resistance of vertical single and double U-tube heat exchangers for various geometry configurations. A hypothetical (3.5) kW cooling unit of (3.6) COP was employed to investigate the borehole thermal resistance and depth of the ground copper tubing DX condenser in a single and two-loops design. A large scatter was evident for the borehole thermal resistance and depth as predicted by these correlations. It was as much as double for the examined single and double U-tube geometries. The principal outcome of the present study proved that the utilization of these correlations is only in the preliminary thermal design of the ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). They cannot be adopted for a finalized thermal structure of the borehole without being supported by experimental data due to their predictions' wide range of variations. Many correlations showed good interaction with the borehole configuration, tube diameter (do), tube center-center spacing (Sp), and borehole size (DB). All of the examined models showed that increasing the grout thermal conductivity enhances the thermal performance of the borehole and minimizes the depth for given operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":142881,"journal":{"name":"Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123470502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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