Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903155
M. Marin, B. Wygrala, E. Mavridou
Summary Hydrocarbon exploration in structurally complex areas such as Western Greece requires good understanding of the main uncertainties controlling the petroleum systems and its associated risks. In the case of the external zones of the Hellenides Fold Belt such complexities are dominated by the presence of Upper Triassic evaporitic units that represent the regional detachment of the thrust sequences. The presence of salt in this fold belt exerts an important control on the structural style and, therefore, the structural play type. In basin and petroleum systems analysis, the reconstruction of the burial history is decisive to assess the quality of source, reservoir and seal rocks. With this purpose, and in order to better understand the main uncertainties present in the area of study, sensitivity analysis of the eroded thicknesses occurred in the Ionian zone during compression and uplift in the Miocene has been performed using maturity data at different locations. These erosion estimates allow constraining the restoration of structural sections and a better 2D analysis of the burial history of the area. In the Ionian zone, and due to tectono-stratigraphic variations from north to south, the assessment allows discerning between areas with different timing of hydrocarbon generation and potential trap charge.
{"title":"Hydrocarbon Exploration Risk Assessment in Structurally Complex Areas. Examples from Western Greece","authors":"M. Marin, B. Wygrala, E. Mavridou","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903155","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Hydrocarbon exploration in structurally complex areas such as Western Greece requires good understanding of the main uncertainties controlling the petroleum systems and its associated risks. In the case of the external zones of the Hellenides Fold Belt such complexities are dominated by the presence of Upper Triassic evaporitic units that represent the regional detachment of the thrust sequences. The presence of salt in this fold belt exerts an important control on the structural style and, therefore, the structural play type. In basin and petroleum systems analysis, the reconstruction of the burial history is decisive to assess the quality of source, reservoir and seal rocks. With this purpose, and in order to better understand the main uncertainties present in the area of study, sensitivity analysis of the eroded thicknesses occurred in the Ionian zone during compression and uplift in the Miocene has been performed using maturity data at different locations. These erosion estimates allow constraining the restoration of structural sections and a better 2D analysis of the burial history of the area. In the Ionian zone, and due to tectono-stratigraphic variations from north to south, the assessment allows discerning between areas with different timing of hydrocarbon generation and potential trap charge.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133029835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903149
D. Oikonomou, G. Stefos, T. Papadopoulos, C. Jaruwattanasakul, S. Purves, E. Larsen
Summary Several areas of Earth with large accumulations of oil and gas also have huge deposits of salt below the surface and identifying where large salt deposits are precisely is very difficult. Currently seismic imaging still requires expert human interpretation of salt bodies. This leads to very subjective, highly variable renderings therefore to potentially dangerous situations for oil and gas company drillers. Deep learning algorithms have been used to solve several subsurface imaging tasks such as classification and segmentation. These algorithms are part of the concept of automatic seismic interpretation (ASI), which is now enabling seismic interpreters to complete routine interpretation tasks much more efficiently than what could be done using legacy software. So, how do these ASI networks work when the salt identification task is considered? How efficient are they? What is the computational cost? How good are their outputs? How can we measure their performance and the value they add?
{"title":"DNNs in Automatic Salt Identification: How Effective Are They, and How Do We Rank their Performance?","authors":"D. Oikonomou, G. Stefos, T. Papadopoulos, C. Jaruwattanasakul, S. Purves, E. Larsen","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903149","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Several areas of Earth with large accumulations of oil and gas also have huge deposits of salt below the surface and identifying where large salt deposits are precisely is very difficult. Currently seismic imaging still requires expert human interpretation of salt bodies. This leads to very subjective, highly variable renderings therefore to potentially dangerous situations for oil and gas company drillers. Deep learning algorithms have been used to solve several subsurface imaging tasks such as classification and segmentation. These algorithms are part of the concept of automatic seismic interpretation (ASI), which is now enabling seismic interpreters to complete routine interpretation tasks much more efficiently than what could be done using legacy software. So, how do these ASI networks work when the salt identification task is considered? How efficient are they? What is the computational cost? How good are their outputs? How can we measure their performance and the value they add?","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115407841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903141
J. Makris, J. Papoulia
Summary Triassic evaporites on- offshore western Greece are of great significance for the tectonic evolution of the sedimentary basins and the accumulation of hydrocarbons. They build the basis of the Alpine nappes and are the lubricants for the westwards motion of these units. They separate the upper (Alpine) from the lower (Preapulia) part of the sedimentary sequence and are the seals and traps of hydrocarbons generated during the Triassic. These basins have significant thickness (8 to 12 km) and are difficult to penetrate and map with conventional seismic methods. We have explored them with wide aperture techniques. The backstop areas to the west are composed of stretch continental crust. Sedimentary basins are much thinner than those of western Greece and the Triassic evaporites are absent. This is also the case for the basins southwest of Crete. Sediments range from 3 to 6 km and Triassic evaporites are absent. Structures of interest for oil exploration southwest of Crete occur at a distance of approx. 150 km from the coast, at the Mediterranean Ridge. Sediments are very thick (10 to 14 km) and are strongly tectonized. The existence of mud volcanoes is a direct indicator for hydrocarbon systems.
{"title":"Triassic Evaporites On- and Offshore Western Greece and their Significance in Hydrocarbon Exploration","authors":"J. Makris, J. Papoulia","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903141","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Triassic evaporites on- offshore western Greece are of great significance for the tectonic evolution of the sedimentary basins and the accumulation of hydrocarbons. They build the basis of the Alpine nappes and are the lubricants for the westwards motion of these units. They separate the upper (Alpine) from the lower (Preapulia) part of the sedimentary sequence and are the seals and traps of hydrocarbons generated during the Triassic. These basins have significant thickness (8 to 12 km) and are difficult to penetrate and map with conventional seismic methods. We have explored them with wide aperture techniques. The backstop areas to the west are composed of stretch continental crust. Sedimentary basins are much thinner than those of western Greece and the Triassic evaporites are absent. This is also the case for the basins southwest of Crete. Sediments range from 3 to 6 km and Triassic evaporites are absent. Structures of interest for oil exploration southwest of Crete occur at a distance of approx. 150 km from the coast, at the Mediterranean Ridge. Sediments are very thick (10 to 14 km) and are strongly tectonized. The existence of mud volcanoes is a direct indicator for hydrocarbon systems.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129627471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903151
M. Neumaier, A. Bartha, B. Wygrala
Summary The deepwater biogenic gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean have unique characteristics, especially due to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) between 5.96 and 5.33 Ma during which most of the Mediterranean and connected basins lost all or most of their water coverage. This resulted in geologically rapid changes in depositional environments and in the surface and subsurface conditions. The role of the MSC in the formation and preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations in the area is an ongoing discussion. What are the relationships, if any, to the MSC? Are there features that are unique and limited to areas affected by the MSC? How does the event control the risks associated with the generation, migration, accumulation, preservation and loss of the hydrocarbons? What do we know about the charging conditions and mechanisms? Are there controlling processes that occur on very short geological time scales? We use analogues and petroleum systems modeling to investigate hypotheses related to the generation, migration and entrapment of biogenic gas fields in connection with the MSC. A conceptual 2D petroleum systems model of the Zohr discovery is constructed based on publicly available data, and used to constrain our understanding of the properties and processes in the petroleum systems.
{"title":"The Zohr Biogenic Gas Discovery: an Initial Assessment of Controlling Factors in the Petroleum System","authors":"M. Neumaier, A. Bartha, B. Wygrala","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903151","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The deepwater biogenic gas discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean have unique characteristics, especially due to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) between 5.96 and 5.33 Ma during which most of the Mediterranean and connected basins lost all or most of their water coverage. This resulted in geologically rapid changes in depositional environments and in the surface and subsurface conditions. The role of the MSC in the formation and preservation of hydrocarbon accumulations in the area is an ongoing discussion. What are the relationships, if any, to the MSC? Are there features that are unique and limited to areas affected by the MSC? How does the event control the risks associated with the generation, migration, accumulation, preservation and loss of the hydrocarbons? What do we know about the charging conditions and mechanisms? Are there controlling processes that occur on very short geological time scales? We use analogues and petroleum systems modeling to investigate hypotheses related to the generation, migration and entrapment of biogenic gas fields in connection with the MSC. A conceptual 2D petroleum systems model of the Zohr discovery is constructed based on publicly available data, and used to constrain our understanding of the properties and processes in the petroleum systems.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129552620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903140
P. Bellingham, L. Fullarton, E. Gillbard, V. Agar, N. Hurst, B. Horn, K. McDermott
Summary Using a regional, integrated 2D seismic dataset, we have evaluated the overall geological history and play types across the Eastern Mediterranean region. Results are presented focused on three specific areas due to their particular interest from a hydrocarbon exploration. The Libyan offshore and North African transform margin: here we show how the relationship between the outer high of the transform margin and the extensional basins landward have created ideal conditions for a restricted, shelfal basin to develop which we demonstrate has great exploration potential. The Levant Margin, Herodotus Basin and Nile Delta: this complex area has been the focus of hydrocarbon exploration success for over three decades with discovery and exploitation of multiple play types. Here we place those plays into the tectonic framework and discuss future opportunities The Ionian and related Accretionary Systems: here we investigate the relationship between the Calabrian and Hellenic accretionary systems of the dual subduction zones of the Ionian oceanic plate and place them in the context of the petroleum plays
{"title":"The Architecture of the Eastern Mediterranean and Implications for Play Potential, Tying the Marginal Basins Together","authors":"P. Bellingham, L. Fullarton, E. Gillbard, V. Agar, N. Hurst, B. Horn, K. McDermott","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903140","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Using a regional, integrated 2D seismic dataset, we have evaluated the overall geological history and play types across the Eastern Mediterranean region. Results are presented focused on three specific areas due to their particular interest from a hydrocarbon exploration. The Libyan offshore and North African transform margin: here we show how the relationship between the outer high of the transform margin and the extensional basins landward have created ideal conditions for a restricted, shelfal basin to develop which we demonstrate has great exploration potential. The Levant Margin, Herodotus Basin and Nile Delta: this complex area has been the focus of hydrocarbon exploration success for over three decades with discovery and exploitation of multiple play types. Here we place those plays into the tectonic framework and discuss future opportunities The Ionian and related Accretionary Systems: here we investigate the relationship between the Calabrian and Hellenic accretionary systems of the dual subduction zones of the Ionian oceanic plate and place them in the context of the petroleum plays","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116330011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903157
V. Kosmidou, N. Papadimitriou
Summary Apulian Platform has been developed on the passive margin of Africa, the Adria or Apulia margin. It is characterised by platforms and deep-sea basins controlled by the Norian-Liassic rifting phase of the Tethyan rifting (Bertottti, 1993). The Eratosthenes carbonate platform sits on top of a thicker continental block (Moho depths of 32–35 km, Feld et al. 2017) compared to adjacent basins and would thus have been subject to lower rates of subsidence than the Levant Basin ( Gardosh et al., 2010 ). This differential subsidence between crustal segments of different nature is well described for other Mediterranean passive margins. The Eratosthenes and Apulian platforms remain wholly carbonate (“clean”). Seismic interpretation suggests that the infilling adjacent to both the Eratosthenes and the Apulia carbonate platform consists of gravity and mass transport complexes (MTCs) as well as deep pelagic sediments that onlap the paleo-slopes of the Mesozoic platforms. The mechanisms that triggered these large slope failures (maximum width 15–30 km) could be a combination of several parameters including (a) rapid sedimentary loading that can generate excess pore pressure, (b) earthquakes associated with the major geodynamic events, and (c) erosion of older successions due to fluctuations in sea level.
阿普利亚地台是在非洲被动边缘、亚德里亚或阿普利亚边缘发育的。它的特点是台地和深海盆地受特提斯裂谷的Norian-Liassic裂谷期控制(Bertottti, 1993)。与邻近盆地相比，Eratosthenes碳酸盐岩台地位于较厚的大陆块体(Moho深度为32-35 km, Feld et al. 2017)的顶部，因此沉降率低于Levant盆地(Gardosh et al.， 2010)。不同性质的地壳段之间的这种差异沉降在地中海其他被动边缘也有很好的描述。埃拉托色尼台地和阿普利亚台地仍然完全是碳酸盐(“干净的”)。地震解释表明，埃拉托色尼台地和阿普利亚碳酸盐岩台地附近的充填物由重力和物质搬运复合体(mtc)以及覆盖在中生代台地古斜坡上的深海沉积物组成。触发这些大型边坡破坏(最大宽度15-30公里)的机制可能是几个参数的组合，包括(a)可能产生超孔隙压力的快速沉积载荷，(b)与主要地球动力学事件相关的地震，以及(c)由于海平面波动而导致的较旧序列的侵蚀。
{"title":"The Carbonate Platforms of Neotethys: a Comparison Study between Apulia and Eratosthenes Platforms","authors":"V. Kosmidou, N. Papadimitriou","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903157","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Apulian Platform has been developed on the passive margin of Africa, the Adria or Apulia margin. It is characterised by platforms and deep-sea basins controlled by the Norian-Liassic rifting phase of the Tethyan rifting (Bertottti, 1993). The Eratosthenes carbonate platform sits on top of a thicker continental block (Moho depths of 32–35 km, Feld et al. 2017) compared to adjacent basins and would thus have been subject to lower rates of subsidence than the Levant Basin ( Gardosh et al., 2010 ). This differential subsidence between crustal segments of different nature is well described for other Mediterranean passive margins. The Eratosthenes and Apulian platforms remain wholly carbonate (“clean”). Seismic interpretation suggests that the infilling adjacent to both the Eratosthenes and the Apulia carbonate platform consists of gravity and mass transport complexes (MTCs) as well as deep pelagic sediments that onlap the paleo-slopes of the Mesozoic platforms. The mechanisms that triggered these large slope failures (maximum width 15–30 km) could be a combination of several parameters including (a) rapid sedimentary loading that can generate excess pore pressure, (b) earthquakes associated with the major geodynamic events, and (c) erosion of older successions due to fluctuations in sea level.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903152
K. Karcz, Y. Gellman, O. Shitrit, J. Steinberg
Summary Leviathan is a giant natural gas field located ∼130km west of the Israeli port city of Haifa, in water depths of ∼1,700m, and discovered in late 2010 by a venture consisting of Noble Energy (Operator), Delek Drilling and Ratio Oil Exploration. With over 33 trillion cubic feet of natural gas resources in place (over 21 Tcf recoverable), it is the largest natural gas field discovered in the Eastern Mediterranean and one of the largest deep-water natural gas discoveries in the world. Here we provide a brief geological overview of the basin and play, and then focus on the properties and architecture of the Leviathan gas field, based on a comprehensive database, comprising of seismic, well logs, lab data, and flow tests. The Leviathan gas field is expected to come on line by the end of 2019, with a 1.2 billion cubic feet per day capacity, supported by four high rate sub-sea wells, tied back to a fixed leg processing platform. Leviathan’s future lies in expanding the throughput of the gas field, and potentially in deeper units where several prospective targets, assumed to be of Mesozoic age, were identified in association with a large deep-rooted paleo-high.
{"title":"The Leviathan Field - Nine Years Since Discovery and Nearing First Gas","authors":"K. Karcz, Y. Gellman, O. Shitrit, J. Steinberg","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903152","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Leviathan is a giant natural gas field located ∼130km west of the Israeli port city of Haifa, in water depths of ∼1,700m, and discovered in late 2010 by a venture consisting of Noble Energy (Operator), Delek Drilling and Ratio Oil Exploration. With over 33 trillion cubic feet of natural gas resources in place (over 21 Tcf recoverable), it is the largest natural gas field discovered in the Eastern Mediterranean and one of the largest deep-water natural gas discoveries in the world. Here we provide a brief geological overview of the basin and play, and then focus on the properties and architecture of the Leviathan gas field, based on a comprehensive database, comprising of seismic, well logs, lab data, and flow tests. The Leviathan gas field is expected to come on line by the end of 2019, with a 1.2 billion cubic feet per day capacity, supported by four high rate sub-sea wells, tied back to a fixed leg processing platform. Leviathan’s future lies in expanding the throughput of the gas field, and potentially in deeper units where several prospective targets, assumed to be of Mesozoic age, were identified in association with a large deep-rooted paleo-high.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130462068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903153
L. Gagala, N. Likakis, A. Abdelsamad, I. Fahrner, S. Sotiropoulos, A. Pagoulatos, C. Turrini
Summary Sub-salt plays present an attractive exploration concept in the External Hellenides (Western Greece) but have never been substantiated. We present recent advances in “seeing through the salt” using examples from the Patraikos offshore block. We employed gravimetric-magnetic data analysis to elucidate subsurface structures of those areas where Triassic evaporites create an obstacle for seismic imaging and where depth-to-targets remains poorly defined. We evaluated three structural hypotheses via 2.5D gravimetric-magnetic forward modelling: 1) tectonically thickened evaporites, 2) involvement of a pre-salt-stratigraphy and underlying basement, 3) sub-salt imbricates of carbonate units. The outcome is not favorable towards overthickening of the Triassic evaporites in the subsurface of the Patraikos block. Instead, a pre-salt stratigraphy or sub-salt carbonate units at drillable depths better satisfy the gravimetric-magnetic data and allow for attaining a close match between the measured and theoretical gravimetric/magnetic responses. In terms of prospectivity, this result supports a sub-salt play: sub-thrust carbonates (more optimistic) or pre-salt stratigraphy and basement (less optimistic). Given the possible existence of similar situations along the whole external front of the Hellenides, this may result into a new play regionally widespread, thus contributing to a strong upgrade of the exploration potential of Western Greece.
{"title":"Structural and Gravimetric-Magnetic Modeling to Support Sub-Salt Plays in Western Greece: the Patraikos Gulf Case Study","authors":"L. Gagala, N. Likakis, A. Abdelsamad, I. Fahrner, S. Sotiropoulos, A. Pagoulatos, C. Turrini","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903153","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Sub-salt plays present an attractive exploration concept in the External Hellenides (Western Greece) but have never been substantiated. We present recent advances in “seeing through the salt” using examples from the Patraikos offshore block. We employed gravimetric-magnetic data analysis to elucidate subsurface structures of those areas where Triassic evaporites create an obstacle for seismic imaging and where depth-to-targets remains poorly defined. We evaluated three structural hypotheses via 2.5D gravimetric-magnetic forward modelling: 1) tectonically thickened evaporites, 2) involvement of a pre-salt-stratigraphy and underlying basement, 3) sub-salt imbricates of carbonate units. The outcome is not favorable towards overthickening of the Triassic evaporites in the subsurface of the Patraikos block. Instead, a pre-salt stratigraphy or sub-salt carbonate units at drillable depths better satisfy the gravimetric-magnetic data and allow for attaining a close match between the measured and theoretical gravimetric/magnetic responses. In terms of prospectivity, this result supports a sub-salt play: sub-thrust carbonates (more optimistic) or pre-salt stratigraphy and basement (less optimistic). Given the possible existence of similar situations along the whole external front of the Hellenides, this may result into a new play regionally widespread, thus contributing to a strong upgrade of the exploration potential of Western Greece.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.201903142
C. Pellan, P. Jiménez, R. Martín, B. Rubio de las Alas Pumariño, A. Chambers
Summary Building a coherent model, consistent with different events and processes over a long geological time frame is not an easy task. In this case study, The challenge was to model a 400 km long restored section in the Ionian zone (NW Greece), reproducing the main observations at wells and the key features seen on seismic and wells, in a single and reliable model of evolution of a Thethysian margin over more than two hundreds and fifty millions years. Furthermore, once the global conditions and the sedimentary dynamics of the evolution of this Passive Margin were defined by Forward Stratigraphic and Structural Modeling, a set of computation of Marine Organic Parameters was launched to address the main characteristics of the Source Rocks, improving the constrains on the Petroleum System. This large-scale integrated study brings notable and valuable information on the architecture of all the elements of the Petroleum System, from depositional conditions of Organic Rich layers to Reservoir size, continuity, connectivity, quality and EOD, and Seals thickness and efficiency. Finally, the Marine Organic Matter simulation helped to identify and characterize possible relevant Source Rocks layers.
{"title":"Forward Stratigraphic Modeling of a Restored Cross Section from Apulia to Gavrovo","authors":"C. Pellan, P. Jiménez, R. Martín, B. Rubio de las Alas Pumariño, A. Chambers","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.201903142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201903142","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Building a coherent model, consistent with different events and processes over a long geological time frame is not an easy task. In this case study, The challenge was to model a 400 km long restored section in the Ionian zone (NW Greece), reproducing the main observations at wells and the key features seen on seismic and wells, in a single and reliable model of evolution of a Thethysian margin over more than two hundreds and fifty millions years. Furthermore, once the global conditions and the sedimentary dynamics of the evolution of this Passive Margin were defined by Forward Stratigraphic and Structural Modeling, a set of computation of Marine Organic Parameters was launched to address the main characteristics of the Source Rocks, improving the constrains on the Petroleum System. This large-scale integrated study brings notable and valuable information on the architecture of all the elements of the Petroleum System, from depositional conditions of Organic Rich layers to Reservoir size, continuity, connectivity, quality and EOD, and Seals thickness and efficiency. Finally, the Marine Organic Matter simulation helped to identify and characterize possible relevant Source Rocks layers.","PeriodicalId":143013,"journal":{"name":"Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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