This chapter examines the peculiar trait of an empire and the implications of imperial dominion. The chapter presents broad insights from the Roman Empire and the 19th-century European empires (mainly the largest of these, the British Empire) to shed light on the pressures and possibilities that foreign dominion brings. It also analyzes how states produced a distinct mix of strategic requirements, motivating incentives, emerging opportunities and changing social and cultural patterns, which serve to promote the adoption of vicarious approaches. However, imperial factors are only conditioning rather than determinative in this respect. Deep normative factors such as military and strategic culture may largely preclude a drift toward vicariousness. Ultimately, the chapter argues that these explorations are suggestive, if not determinative, in pointing to issues associated with the contemporary US experience. It provides whispers of warnings about the dangers that might threaten states that follow too closely in similar footsteps.
{"title":"Perversions of Power","authors":"T. Waldman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1bn9jfq.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bn9jfq.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the peculiar trait of an empire and the implications of imperial dominion. The chapter presents broad insights from the Roman Empire and the 19th-century European empires (mainly the largest of these, the British Empire) to shed light on the pressures and possibilities that foreign dominion brings. It also analyzes how states produced a distinct mix of strategic requirements, motivating incentives, emerging opportunities and changing social and cultural patterns, which serve to promote the adoption of vicarious approaches. However, imperial factors are only conditioning rather than determinative in this respect. Deep normative factors such as military and strategic culture may largely preclude a drift toward vicariousness. Ultimately, the chapter argues that these explorations are suggestive, if not determinative, in pointing to issues associated with the contemporary US experience. It provides whispers of warnings about the dangers that might threaten states that follow too closely in similar footsteps.","PeriodicalId":143085,"journal":{"name":"Vicarious Warfare","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125111597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses America's ascent to great power status following the Second World War. It argues that the nation emerged out of the war with great wealth, unparalleled military capabilities and a series of bases spread around the world. The chapter then elaborates the key factors that compelled policymakers to aggressively defend US primacy in the new geopolitical context. It also discusses the profound militarization of US foreign policy and a new level of worldwide vicarious warfare following the onset of the so-called Second Cold War in the 1980s. Ultimately, the chapter presents fierce controversy that surrounds the question of responsibility for the onset of the Cold War. It then details the most potent and pervasive weapons system of contemporary vicarious warfare: the sophisticated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, guided by advanced communications technologies and armed with precision-guided cruise missiles.
{"title":"Cold Warfare","authors":"T. Waldman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1bn9jfq.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1bn9jfq.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses America's ascent to great power status following the Second World War. It argues that the nation emerged out of the war with great wealth, unparalleled military capabilities and a series of bases spread around the world. The chapter then elaborates the key factors that compelled policymakers to aggressively defend US primacy in the new geopolitical context. It also discusses the profound militarization of US foreign policy and a new level of worldwide vicarious warfare following the onset of the so-called Second Cold War in the 1980s. Ultimately, the chapter presents fierce controversy that surrounds the question of responsibility for the onset of the Cold War. It then details the most potent and pervasive weapons system of contemporary vicarious warfare: the sophisticated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, guided by advanced communications technologies and armed with precision-guided cruise missiles.","PeriodicalId":143085,"journal":{"name":"Vicarious Warfare","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129842599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-23DOI: 10.1017/9781139248877.011
Andrew F. Lang
The first of two chapters in Part III, Chapter 7 investigates the period between 1865 and 1871. Reintegrating former Confederates equally into the postwar republic proved to be a great challenge. As they reconstructed their shattered society, former slaveholders also rebuilt a rigid racial and social hierarchy that resembled the antebellum South and other hemispheric post-emancipation societies. Suffocating restrictions on Black freedom enforced by devastating racial violence convinced myriad loyal citizens and Republicans that the Union remained unstable and retained an unscrupulous Old World aristocratic ruling class. To dismantle the lingering presence of slaveholding and racial privilege, Republicans and freedpeople engaged in a revolutionary alteration of American life through the 14th and 15th Amendments joined by the unprecedented transformations wrought by Black citizenship, voting rights, and office holding. By 1870-71, the Union appeared finally to have aligned with the founding ideals of liberty and equality for all.
{"title":"Consequences","authors":"Andrew F. Lang","doi":"10.1017/9781139248877.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139248877.011","url":null,"abstract":"The first of two chapters in Part III, Chapter 7 investigates the period between 1865 and 1871. Reintegrating former Confederates equally into the postwar republic proved to be a great challenge. As they reconstructed their shattered society, former slaveholders also rebuilt a rigid racial and social hierarchy that resembled the antebellum South and other hemispheric post-emancipation societies. Suffocating restrictions on Black freedom enforced by devastating racial violence convinced myriad loyal citizens and Republicans that the Union remained unstable and retained an unscrupulous Old World aristocratic ruling class. To dismantle the lingering presence of slaveholding and racial privilege, Republicans and freedpeople engaged in a revolutionary alteration of American life through the 14th and 15th Amendments joined by the unprecedented transformations wrought by Black citizenship, voting rights, and office holding. By 1870-71, the Union appeared finally to have aligned with the founding ideals of liberty and equality for all.","PeriodicalId":143085,"journal":{"name":"Vicarious Warfare","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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