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2019 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)最新文献

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SPMB 2019 Table of Contents SPMB 2019目录
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/spmb47826.2019.9037857
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引用次数: 0
A novel way to manage and control chronic respiratory diseases 一种管理和控制慢性呼吸道疾病的新方法
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037846
N. Delmonico, V. Fauveau
An estimated 450 million people worldwide suffer from chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The clinical standard of care in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders is stethoscope-based lung auscultation. Clinical signs are an integral part of the diagnosis and management of these diseases. Such use of a stethoscope, however, is limited by the episodic nature of data acquisition, as well as by the limits of human subjectivity in the recognition of symptoms. Some indications of a respiratory complication may include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and labored breathing. Unfortunately, there is currently no way to objectively monitor these signs. At Strados Labs we have developed the world’s first AI-powered acoustic bio-sensor designed to bring wireless, hands-free, respiratory monitoring to clinical teams over the entire episode of care. This non-invasive clinical-grade medical device also uses proprietary machine learning algorithms to identify key changes in pulmonary sounds and breathing patterns, and to notify care teams about the respiratory health status of patients. In this way, we seek to improve care triage, reduce length of hospital stay, and avoid costly pulmonary complications. The non-invasive device captures lung sounds and chest wall motion from which it extracts key features in the time and frequency domains to identify vital respiratory symptoms. Proprietary machine learning techniques, derived from state-of-the-art speech recognition algorithms, then use the characterized data to train models that automatically label areas of interest. This process creates a closed loop system that allows the Strados device to operate autonomously and ultimately improve the management and control of chronic respiratory diseases.
据估计,全世界有4.5亿人患有哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺病等慢性呼吸道疾病。在诊断和治疗呼吸系统疾病的临床护理标准是基于听诊器的肺听诊。临床症状是诊断和管理这些疾病的一个组成部分。然而,听诊器的这种使用受到数据采集的偶然性以及人在识别症状时主观性的限制。呼吸系统并发症的一些症状包括呼吸短促、咳嗽、喘息和呼吸困难。不幸的是,目前还没有办法客观地监测这些迹象。在Strados实验室,我们开发了世界上第一个人工智能声学生物传感器,旨在为临床团队在整个护理过程中提供无线、免提、呼吸监测。这种非侵入性临床级医疗设备还使用专有的机器学习算法来识别肺部声音和呼吸模式的关键变化,并通知护理团队患者的呼吸健康状况。通过这种方式,我们寻求改善护理分类,减少住院时间,并避免昂贵的肺部并发症。这种非侵入性设备捕捉肺部声音和胸壁运动,从中提取时域和频域的关键特征,以识别重要的呼吸系统症状。专有的机器学习技术源自最先进的语音识别算法,然后使用特征数据来训练自动标记感兴趣区域的模型。这个过程创造了一个闭环系统,允许Strados设备自主运行,并最终改善慢性呼吸系统疾病的管理和控制。
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引用次数: 0
Noninvasive Detection of Elevated Intracranial Pressure Using Tympanic Membrane Pulse 鼓膜脉冲无创检测颅内压升高
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037864
R. Dhar, R. Sandler, K. Manwaring, H. Mansy
Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) can lead to serious health complications. Hence, this pressure needs to be monitored in patients at risk of increased ICP. The gold standard for ICP measurements are invasive manometers and pressure transducers [1] . However, the risks, discomforts, and expenses of invasive diagnostic can be avoided if satisfactory non-invasive approaches are used. In this presentation, a noninvasive method of monitoring ICP utilizing measurements of Tympanic Membrane pulsation (TMp) is discussed. TMp signals were acquired from 5 healthy subjects at different tilt positions where ICP is expected to increase with head-down positioning. Consistent TMp waveform morphological changes were observed in each subject with the head down position, which is known to increase ICP [2] . The changes tended to reverse with hyperventilation, which is a process known to decrease ICP [3] . These results suggest that TMp waveform measurements may provide a reliable non-invasive method for monitoring ICP.
颅内压升高可导致严重的健康并发症。因此,对于有颅内压增高风险的患者,需要监测颅内压。ICP测量的金标准是侵入式压力计和压力传感器[1]。然而,如果采用令人满意的非侵入性方法,则可以避免侵入性诊断的风险、不适和费用。本文讨论了利用鼓膜脉动(TMp)测量监测ICP的一种无创方法。我们采集了5名健康受试者在不同俯卧位置的TMp信号,俯卧时颅内压升高。每个受试者头部向下时均观察到一致的TMp波形形态学变化,已知头部向下会增加ICP[2]。这种变化倾向于随着过度通气而逆转,这是一个已知的降低ICP的过程[3]。这些结果表明TMp波形测量可以提供可靠的非侵入性监测ICP的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Issues in the Reproducibility of Deep Learning Results 深度学习结果再现性中的问题
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037840
S. Jean-Paul, T. Elseify, I. Obeid, Joseph Picone
The Neuronix high-performance computing cluster allows us to conduct extensive machine learning experiments on big data [1] . This heterogeneous cluster uses innovative scheduling technology, Slurm [2] , that manages a network of CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs). The GPU farm consists of a variety of processors ranging from low-end consumer grade devices such as the Nvidia GTX 970 to higher-end devices such as the GeForce RTX 2080. These GPUs are essential to our research since they allow extremely compute-intensive deep learning tasks to be executed on massive data resources such as the TUH EEG Corpus [2] . We use TensorFlow [3] as the core machine learning library for our deep learning systems, and routinely employ multiple GPUs to accelerate the training process.
Neuronix高性能计算集群允许我们在大数据上进行广泛的机器学习实验[1]。这种异构集群使用创新的调度技术Slurm[2]来管理cpu和图形处理单元(gpu)的网络。GPU农场由各种处理器组成,从低端消费级设备(如Nvidia GTX 970)到高端设备(如GeForce RTX 2080)。这些gpu对我们的研究至关重要,因为它们允许在大量数据资源(如TUH EEG语料库)上执行极其计算密集型的深度学习任务[2]。我们使用TensorFlow[3]作为我们深度学习系统的核心机器学习库,并常规使用多个gpu来加速训练过程。
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引用次数: 8
Nonlinear Smoothing of Data with Random Gaps and Outliers (DRAGO) Improves Estimation of Circadian Rhythm 随机间隙和异常值数据的非线性平滑(DRAGO)改进了昼夜节律的估计
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037837
A. Parekh, I. Ayappa, R. Osorio, I. Selesnick, A. Baroni, M. Miller, B. Cavedoni, H. Sanders, A. Varga, E. Blessing, D. Rapoport
Core body temperature measurement using an ingestible pill has been proven effective for field-based ambulatory applications. The ingestible pill overcomes many impracticalities related with traditional methods of assessing core body temperature, however, it suffers from two key issues: random gaps due to missing data and outliers due to electromagnetic intereference. In this paper, we propose a principled convex optimization based framework for preprocessing the raw core body temperature signal. The proposed framework assumes that the raw core body temperature signal consists of two components: a smooth low-frequency component and a transient component with sparse outliers. We derive a computationally efficient algorithm using the majorization-minimization procedure and show its performance on simulated data. Finally, we demonstrate utility of the proposed method for estimating the circadian rhythm of core body temperature in cognitively normal elderly.
核心体温测量使用可摄取的药丸已被证明是有效的基于现场动态应用。这种可摄取的药丸克服了传统测量核心体温方法的许多不实用之处,但它存在两个关键问题:数据缺失导致的随机间隙和电磁干扰导致的异常值。在本文中,我们提出了一个有原则的基于凸优化的框架来预处理原始核心体温信号。提出的框架假设原始核心体温信号由两个分量组成:平滑的低频分量和具有稀疏异常值的瞬态分量。我们推导了一种计算效率高的算法,并在模拟数据上展示了它的性能。最后,我们证明了所提出的方法用于估计认知正常老年人核心体温昼夜节律的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Shape Modeling and Atlas-Based Segmentation for Identification of Lower Leg Tissues in pQCT 形状建模和基于图谱的pQCT下肢组织识别分割
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037862
S. Makrogiannis, A. Okorie, T. Biswas, L. Ferrucci
In this work, we introduce an atlas-based segmentation method for lower leg tissues at 4%, 38%, and 66% tibial length. Our goal is to model the shape of the lower leg tissue types and to identify hard and soft tissues in an automated way. In our methodology, we implemented B-spline based free form deformation (FFD), and symmetric diffeomorphic demons (SDD) deformable models for nonlinear registration, and compared their performances for atlas-based segmentation accuracy on our pQCT data. Overall, we concluded that atlas-based segmentation is a promising technique, especially in the presence of noise and other types of image degradation. We also observed that the diffeomorphic demons algorithm may produce more accurate deformation fields than FFD. On the other hand, FFD produced smoother deformations than SDD. Quantitative analysis using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), showed that FFD was slightly better than SDD in identification of the trabecular bone tissue in 4% tibia. At 38% tibial length, SDD produced consistently higher DSC values than FFD, while at 66% tibia, FFD produced slightly higher segmentation accuracy.
在这项工作中,我们介绍了一种基于地图集的小腿组织分割方法,分别为胫骨长度的4%、38%和66%。我们的目标是模拟小腿组织类型的形状,并以自动化的方式识别硬组织和软组织。在我们的方法中,我们实现了基于b样条的自由形式变形(FFD)和对称差分形(SDD)变形模型用于非线性配准,并比较了它们在基于图集的pQCT数据分割精度方面的性能。总的来说,我们得出结论,基于图谱的分割是一种很有前途的技术,特别是在存在噪声和其他类型的图像退化的情况下。我们还观察到,与FFD相比,微分同构算法可以产生更精确的变形场。另一方面,FFD比SDD产生更平滑的变形。采用Dice相似系数(DSC)进行定量分析,结果显示FFD对4%胫骨骨小梁组织的识别略优于SDD。在胫骨长度为38%时,SDD产生的DSC值始终高于FFD,而在胫骨长度为66%时,FFD产生的分割精度略高。
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引用次数: 0
SPMB 2019 Organizing Committee SPMB 2019组委会
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/spmb47826.2019.9037830
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引用次数: 0
The Instrumented Multitask Assessment System (IMAS) 仪器多任务评估系统(IMAS)
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037841
Z. Kane, E. Stecco, A. Napoli, C. Tucker, I. Obeid
This work introduces a closed loop virtual reality platform for rehabilitating members of the armed forces after concussion or lower extremity musculoskeletal injury. Subjects perform a virtual variable-speed foot patrol designed to bring the subject’s heartrate up to an operator-designated value. Relevant biometric measurements are timestamped and recorded for post-hoc analysis, including heart (ECG), brain (EEG), and movement kinematics of the hands, feet, hips, and head. The long-term goal is to use these data to guide return-to-duty decision making and to support efficient rehabilitation protocols. The platform is physically compact for ease of deployment and has been designed in a modular fashion to allow easy integration of new sensors in future designs.
本工作介绍了一个闭环虚拟现实平台,用于军队脑震荡或下肢肌肉骨骼损伤后的康复。受试者进行虚拟的变速步行巡逻,目的是将受试者的心率提高到操作员指定的值。相关的生物特征测量被标记时间并记录下来用于事后分析,包括心脏(ECG)、大脑(EEG)以及手、脚、臀部和头部的运动运动学。长期目标是利用这些数据指导重返工作岗位的决策,并支持有效的康复方案。该平台结构紧凑,易于部署,并采用模块化设计,以便在未来的设计中轻松集成新的传感器。
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引用次数: 0
Fully Automated, MRI-based Left-Ventricular Contractility Analysis in Breast Cancer Patients Following Chemotherapy 全自动、基于mri的乳腺癌患者化疗后左室收缩力分析
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/SPMB47826.2019.9037829
Bryant M. Baldwin, G. Angus-Barker, S. Joseph, M. Figarola, M. Cohen, C. Malozzi, J. Kar
This study investigated if measurements of mechanical contractile parameters, such as strains, torsion and left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), are indicative of left-ventricular (LV) remodeling that may occur in patients who have been exposed to the anthracycline and trastuzumab type of chemotherapeutic agents (CA). An equally important goal was investigating this contractility using a single-scan cardiac strain analysis tool comprising of the Displacement Encoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) sequence for MRI scans and the Radial Point Interpolation Method (RPIM). Data was acquired in 11 patients who had been exposed to CA agents and were under either a regimen of breast cancer antineoplastic drugs and/or were being treated for cardiac complications. A Bland-Altman analysis of interobserver strain measurements showed agreements of 0.01 ± 0.06 for longitudinal strain, 0.10 ± 1.92° for torsion. Enlarging of the LV in the patient population was indicated by a significant difference in their diastolic diameters in healthy subjects. Significant longitudinal strains differences were seen between patients and healthy subjects which were 0.15 ± 0.03 vs 0.21 ± 0.04 (p=0.02) and 0.17 ± 0.02 vs 0.22 ± 0.03 (p=0.01) for the mid-ventricular and apical sections. A similar result for torsion was found between patients and healthy subjects for the mid-ventricular and basal sub-regions. The results from the statistical analysis show the likelihood of LV remodeling and fibrosis in these patients that is otherwise not indicated by LVEF measurements.
本研究调查了机械收缩参数的测量,如应变、扭转和左心室射血分数(LVEF),是否表明暴露于蒽环类和曲妥珠单抗类化疗药物(CA)的患者可能发生左心室(LV)重构。一个同样重要的目标是使用单扫描心脏应变分析工具来研究这种收缩性,该工具包括MRI扫描的受激回声位移编码(DENSE)序列和径向点插值方法(RPIM)。研究人员收集了11例暴露于CA制剂、正在接受乳腺癌抗肿瘤药物治疗和/或正在接受心脏并发症治疗的患者的数据。观察者间应变测量结果的Bland-Altman分析表明,纵向应变为0.01±0.06°,扭转为0.10±1.92°。在患者群体中,左室增大表明他们的舒张直径在健康受试者中有显著差异。患者与健康者的纵向应变分别为0.15±0.03 vs 0.21±0.04 (p=0.02)和0.17±0.02 vs 0.22±0.03 (p=0.01)。在患者和健康受试者的中脑室和基底亚区,扭转的结果相似。统计分析的结果显示,这些患者发生左室重构和纤维化的可能性,否则LVEF测量无法显示。
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引用次数: 0
[SPMB 2019 Title Page] [SPMB 2019扉页]
Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/spmb47826.2019.9037839
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)
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