H. Shirai, Junsuke Takahashi, Y. Kageyama, M. Nishida
{"title":"Comparison ALOS PALSAR and AVNIR-2 Data for Feature Analysis of Groundwater Discharge Points in Coastal Regions around Mt. Chokaisan, Japan","authors":"H. Shirai, Junsuke Takahashi, Y. Kageyama, M. Nishida","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.22.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.22.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"86 1","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73164107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuya Matsumoto, Sumito Yamakawa, Tatsuya Aoyagi, Kazutoshi Haga, M. Jikei, A. Shibayama
Platinum group metals (PGMs), especially Pd and Pt, are important industrial elements owing to their extensive use in electrical devices, dental materials, catalysts, and jewelry [1,2]. Given the scarcity of the PGMs primary resources, the recycling of these metals from secondary sources or post-consumer scrap is essential [3]. Solvent extraction is regarded as a typical and practical method to recover PGM ions [4-8]. For example, Pd(II) and Pt(IV) can be extracted from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions with di-n-octyl sulfide [9] and tri-n-butyl phosphate [10] extractant agents, respectively. However, the use of volatile organic solvents as extractant diluents negatively affects the recovery process owing to their toxicity and environmental load. Mutual separation of PGMs, which is required in the recovery process, is complicated because of the similar physical and chemical properties of the metal components. PGM ions are known to be recovered via coordination or ion-pair mechanisms [11]. Pd and Pt are typically recovered following a coordination mechanism with the trend Pd(II) >> Pt(IV) [12]. On the other hand, Pd and Pt chloro-complex anions (i.e., [PdCl4] 2and [PtCl6] ) were extracted to a similar extent via an ion-pair mechanism [11,13]. Therefore, mutual separation of Pd and Pt is generally performed by combining coordination and ion-pair recovery strategies, respectively. However, the utilization of different mechanisms within the recovery process requires several recovery agents specially designed for the corresponding recovery mechanism. In addition, the recovery of PGMs via a coordination mechanism is typically accompanied with base metals such as Cu, Fe, Al, and Zn [12]. In this study, we report on the selective precipitation and mutual separation of Pd and Pt using new precipitating agents (i.e., m-phenylene diamine-containing compounds). These precipitating agents were prepared by condensation of aniline or 4-phenoxyaniline with 3,5-bis(trifluoroacetamido)benzoyl chloride followed by deprotection with hydrazine. The precipitation behaviors of Pd and Pt with the as-prepared precipitating agents were examined by using Pdand Pt-containing HCl solutions with or without base metals. The precipitating agents prepared in this study enabled mutual separation of Pd and Pt from a HCl solution containing base metals via an ion-pair mechanism.
{"title":"Mutual Separation of Palladium (II) and Platinum (IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions Using m-Phenylene Diamine-Containing Agents","authors":"Kazuya Matsumoto, Sumito Yamakawa, Tatsuya Aoyagi, Kazutoshi Haga, M. Jikei, A. Shibayama","doi":"10.5188/ijsmer.22.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.22.15","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum group metals (PGMs), especially Pd and Pt, are important industrial elements owing to their extensive use in electrical devices, dental materials, catalysts, and jewelry [1,2]. Given the scarcity of the PGMs primary resources, the recycling of these metals from secondary sources or post-consumer scrap is essential [3]. Solvent extraction is regarded as a typical and practical method to recover PGM ions [4-8]. For example, Pd(II) and Pt(IV) can be extracted from hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions with di-n-octyl sulfide [9] and tri-n-butyl phosphate [10] extractant agents, respectively. However, the use of volatile organic solvents as extractant diluents negatively affects the recovery process owing to their toxicity and environmental load. Mutual separation of PGMs, which is required in the recovery process, is complicated because of the similar physical and chemical properties of the metal components. PGM ions are known to be recovered via coordination or ion-pair mechanisms [11]. Pd and Pt are typically recovered following a coordination mechanism with the trend Pd(II) >> Pt(IV) [12]. On the other hand, Pd and Pt chloro-complex anions (i.e., [PdCl4] 2and [PtCl6] ) were extracted to a similar extent via an ion-pair mechanism [11,13]. Therefore, mutual separation of Pd and Pt is generally performed by combining coordination and ion-pair recovery strategies, respectively. However, the utilization of different mechanisms within the recovery process requires several recovery agents specially designed for the corresponding recovery mechanism. In addition, the recovery of PGMs via a coordination mechanism is typically accompanied with base metals such as Cu, Fe, Al, and Zn [12]. In this study, we report on the selective precipitation and mutual separation of Pd and Pt using new precipitating agents (i.e., m-phenylene diamine-containing compounds). These precipitating agents were prepared by condensation of aniline or 4-phenoxyaniline with 3,5-bis(trifluoroacetamido)benzoyl chloride followed by deprotection with hydrazine. The precipitation behaviors of Pd and Pt with the as-prepared precipitating agents were examined by using Pdand Pt-containing HCl solutions with or without base metals. The precipitating agents prepared in this study enabled mutual separation of Pd and Pt from a HCl solution containing base metals via an ion-pair mechanism.","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"76 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72695411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuya Matsumoto, Takuro Takahashi, Yuka Jinguji, M. Jikei
In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been intensively studied because of their excellent electrical, thermal, physical, and chemical properties [1,2]. However, CNTs generally form bundles due to strong van der Waals forces, which results in low solubility and processability [3]. Therefore, a number of methods have been developed to disperse CNTs in water and organic solvents, including chemical modification through sidewall functionalization [4,5] and physical modification using dispersants such as surfactants [6-8], aromatic molecules [9], and polymers [10,11]. While the use of dispersants can disperse CNTs without introduction of defects, absolute removal of dispersants from CNTs is quite difficult. Consequently, residual dispersants lower the electrical properties of CNTs because most dispersants are electrically insulating organic molecules [12]. Several organic solvents can disperse CNTs in the absence of dispersants. For example, o-dichlorobenzene [13,14] and polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidinone [15], N,Ndimethylformamide [16], and N,N-dimethylacetamide [17], are known to disperse CNTs without any additives. However, such solvents are quite limited and most of them have high boiling points (over 100°C), relatively high viscosity, and toxicity. Hence, it is demanded to disperse CNTs in common and widely used organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and ethers. In this study, we have found that ketone solvents, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), can disperse single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) without any additives. SWCNT dispersions were prepared by sonication of SWCNTs in ketone solvents. The dependence of the sonication time on the SWCNT concentration was examined. Furthermore, the effects of sonication in ketone solvents on SWCNTs were evaluated with respect to the defect generation and the electrical properties.
{"title":"Dispersion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Ketone Solvents and Effects of Sonication","authors":"Kazuya Matsumoto, Takuro Takahashi, Yuka Jinguji, M. Jikei","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.22.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.22.20","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been intensively studied because of their excellent electrical, thermal, physical, and chemical properties [1,2]. However, CNTs generally form bundles due to strong van der Waals forces, which results in low solubility and processability [3]. Therefore, a number of methods have been developed to disperse CNTs in water and organic solvents, including chemical modification through sidewall functionalization [4,5] and physical modification using dispersants such as surfactants [6-8], aromatic molecules [9], and polymers [10,11]. While the use of dispersants can disperse CNTs without introduction of defects, absolute removal of dispersants from CNTs is quite difficult. Consequently, residual dispersants lower the electrical properties of CNTs because most dispersants are electrically insulating organic molecules [12]. Several organic solvents can disperse CNTs in the absence of dispersants. For example, o-dichlorobenzene [13,14] and polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidinone [15], N,Ndimethylformamide [16], and N,N-dimethylacetamide [17], are known to disperse CNTs without any additives. However, such solvents are quite limited and most of them have high boiling points (over 100°C), relatively high viscosity, and toxicity. Hence, it is demanded to disperse CNTs in common and widely used organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, and ethers. In this study, we have found that ketone solvents, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), can disperse single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) without any additives. SWCNT dispersions were prepared by sonication of SWCNTs in ketone solvents. The dependence of the sonication time on the SWCNT concentration was examined. Furthermore, the effects of sonication in ketone solvents on SWCNTs were evaluated with respect to the defect generation and the electrical properties.","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"98 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77204837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the depletion of fossil fuels and global environmental issues have become serious problems. Fuel cells have attracted significant attention as the energy source for the next generation. Fuel cells can obtain electrical energy from chemical energy by the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. Thus, there is no pollutant in the exhaust gas and the energy conversion efficiency is very high in the fuel cell system. Among them, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is the most advanced type due to its low operating temperature and high output power. Although the household fuel cell and fuel cell vehicle have been put into practical use, widespread use of these systems is suppressed for the reasons of high cost and scarcity of Pt, which is used as the electrocatalyst [1,2]. In the PEFC, the hydrogen oxidation reaction occurs at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs at the cathode. At the cathode, a large amount of Pt is required because the ORR overvoltage is very high. Therefore, decreasing the Pt use is strongly desired [3]. For the purpose of decreasing the Pt use, various efforts have been conducted. The first one was the development of a cathode catalyst without Pt. For example, Ota’s group reported the preparation and ORR activity of the oxynitride and the partially oxidized carbonitride of Zr or Ta [4-8]. These materials showed comparable setup potentials for the ORR to Pt and are electrochemically stable. Thus the oxynitride and partially oxidized carbonitride of Zr or Ta are promising materials as the cathode catalyst. However, the oxygen reduction current of these materials are dramatically lower than that of Pt. Cao et al. reported that cobalt molybdenum oxynitride showed a good ORR activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. However, it still does not surpass Pt [9]. Nabae et al. applied the carbon alloy catalyst, which was prepared by pyrolysis of a polymer containing Fe, Co, and N, to the PEFC cathode [10-12]. Although these carbon alloys showed a comparable performance to Pt, their low stabilities under PEFC operating conditions were pointed out. Thus, realization of a non-platinum PEFC cathode is still difficult. On the other hand, the core-shell catalyst with low Pt content was investigated. The core-shell catalyst, on which a Pt monolayer shell was formed on the core particle of the nonplatinum metal, can possibly decrease the Pt use and increase the Pt utilization. For example, the Pt-Pd core-shell catalyst showed a higher ORR activity than the bulk Pt catalyst [13-15]. The simplest method to improve the catalytic activity and decrease the Pt use of the Pt catalyst is alloying. There are many reports about the ORR activity of the Pt series alloys. Toda et al. reported that Pt-M (M=Fe, Co, and Ni) showed a higher ORR activity than Pt [16]. For these catalysts, Pt rearranges and a Pt surface is formed after dissolution of M at the alloy surface. It has been clarified that the improvemen
{"title":"Preparation of Pt-Ni Alloy Thin Films with Various Compositions by Sputtering and their Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reaction","authors":"Hiroki Takahashi, Tomoya Hiromoto, M. Taguchi","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.22.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.22.1","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the depletion of fossil fuels and global environmental issues have become serious problems. Fuel cells have attracted significant attention as the energy source for the next generation. Fuel cells can obtain electrical energy from chemical energy by the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. Thus, there is no pollutant in the exhaust gas and the energy conversion efficiency is very high in the fuel cell system. Among them, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is the most advanced type due to its low operating temperature and high output power. Although the household fuel cell and fuel cell vehicle have been put into practical use, widespread use of these systems is suppressed for the reasons of high cost and scarcity of Pt, which is used as the electrocatalyst [1,2]. In the PEFC, the hydrogen oxidation reaction occurs at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs at the cathode. At the cathode, a large amount of Pt is required because the ORR overvoltage is very high. Therefore, decreasing the Pt use is strongly desired [3]. For the purpose of decreasing the Pt use, various efforts have been conducted. The first one was the development of a cathode catalyst without Pt. For example, Ota’s group reported the preparation and ORR activity of the oxynitride and the partially oxidized carbonitride of Zr or Ta [4-8]. These materials showed comparable setup potentials for the ORR to Pt and are electrochemically stable. Thus the oxynitride and partially oxidized carbonitride of Zr or Ta are promising materials as the cathode catalyst. However, the oxygen reduction current of these materials are dramatically lower than that of Pt. Cao et al. reported that cobalt molybdenum oxynitride showed a good ORR activity under both acidic and alkaline conditions. However, it still does not surpass Pt [9]. Nabae et al. applied the carbon alloy catalyst, which was prepared by pyrolysis of a polymer containing Fe, Co, and N, to the PEFC cathode [10-12]. Although these carbon alloys showed a comparable performance to Pt, their low stabilities under PEFC operating conditions were pointed out. Thus, realization of a non-platinum PEFC cathode is still difficult. On the other hand, the core-shell catalyst with low Pt content was investigated. The core-shell catalyst, on which a Pt monolayer shell was formed on the core particle of the nonplatinum metal, can possibly decrease the Pt use and increase the Pt utilization. For example, the Pt-Pd core-shell catalyst showed a higher ORR activity than the bulk Pt catalyst [13-15]. The simplest method to improve the catalytic activity and decrease the Pt use of the Pt catalyst is alloying. There are many reports about the ORR activity of the Pt series alloys. Toda et al. reported that Pt-M (M=Fe, Co, and Ni) showed a higher ORR activity than Pt [16]. For these catalysts, Pt rearranges and a Pt surface is formed after dissolution of M at the alloy surface. It has been clarified that the improvemen","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80305472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
jigsaw. Gel density means mass% of xanthan gum. The mixture (0.004 g) was placed on the center of the plate (diameter 3 mm) and dried at 313 K for 1 h. Solder diameter was measured by taking pictures above same height and the pictures were analyzed the maximum diameter of brazing metal with image analysis system. In the test about maximum temperature, it was examined that the wettability of the diamond and plate at the maximum temperature with 80-20 Cu-Ag solder and gel density of 0.2%. The holding In the development of a bonded abrasive diamond tool, it was studied that the wettability of Cu-Ag solder on carbon steel plate, gel conditions for producing the new diamond tool are as follows: Cu-Ag solder, 80-20(mass%); gel density, 0.2(mass%); maximum temperature, 1163 K; and holding time at maximum temperature, 300 s. A diamond jigsaw was constructed by using these processes and demonstrated that the new diamond tool could cut a brick. In addition, the degree of vacuum is important during fabrication; therefore, vacuum equipment with (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:17)
{"title":"Development of a New Bonded Abrasive Diamond Tool","authors":"Hikari Tanaka, Yuta Shiina, M. Nakatsu, O. Kamiya","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.21.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.21.11","url":null,"abstract":"jigsaw. Gel density means mass% of xanthan gum. The mixture (0.004 g) was placed on the center of the plate (diameter 3 mm) and dried at 313 K for 1 h. Solder diameter was measured by taking pictures above same height and the pictures were analyzed the maximum diameter of brazing metal with image analysis system. In the test about maximum temperature, it was examined that the wettability of the diamond and plate at the maximum temperature with 80-20 Cu-Ag solder and gel density of 0.2%. The holding In the development of a bonded abrasive diamond tool, it was studied that the wettability of Cu-Ag solder on carbon steel plate, gel conditions for producing the new diamond tool are as follows: Cu-Ag solder, 80-20(mass%); gel density, 0.2(mass%); maximum temperature, 1163 K; and holding time at maximum temperature, 300 s. A diamond jigsaw was constructed by using these processes and demonstrated that the new diamond tool could cut a brick. In addition, the degree of vacuum is important during fabrication; therefore, vacuum equipment with (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:191)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:17)","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"65 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79595988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The IC card is widely used in various public systems such as in credit cards, electronic wallet systems, and card locking systems. Therefore, an integrated card (multifunction card) adapted to various utilization scenarios has been developed. The numerically functionalized device requires a large data capacity and large-volume data communication. Enhancement of the numerical functionalization may lead to an increase in the data transmission time, inconveniencing users in the near future. In this paper, we propose a data transmission method using both analog and digital signals. This method utilizes a synthesis signal called a Hybrid-signal generated electrically from an analog and digital signal, using a signal addition circuit. We have developed a prototype system using the Hybrid-signal and performed data communication experiments. The experimental results of the prototype system suggest that the Hybrid-signal can simultaneously transmit both analog and digital information.
{"title":"Development of a Data Transmission Method using a Hybrid Signal Generated by Analog and Digital Signals","authors":"Tsuyoshi Takahashi, M. Nishida, Y. Kageyama","doi":"10.5188/ijsmer.21.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/ijsmer.21.16","url":null,"abstract":"The IC card is widely used in various public systems such as in credit cards, electronic wallet systems, and card locking systems. Therefore, an integrated card (multifunction card) adapted to various utilization scenarios has been developed. The numerically functionalized device requires a large data capacity and large-volume data communication. Enhancement of the numerical functionalization may lead to an increase in the data transmission time, inconveniencing users in the near future. In this paper, we propose a data transmission method using both analog and digital signals. This method utilizes a synthesis signal called a Hybrid-signal generated electrically from an analog and digital signal, using a signal addition circuit. We have developed a prototype system using the Hybrid-signal and performed data communication experiments. The experimental results of the prototype system suggest that the Hybrid-signal can simultaneously transmit both analog and digital information.","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"8 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79237886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we investigated the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) as scaffolds for constructing anion receptors. 1-3 ), in which the hydroxyls on C-2 and C-3 are protected by benzyl, acetyl, or propionyl groups; moreover, we investigated their anion binding properties in CD 3 CN or CD 3 CN/D 2 O (99/1, v/v) using 1 H-NMR titration experiments. The results demonstrate that CD-based receptors ( 1-3 ) effectively bind with AcO (cid:237) and H 2 PO 4 (cid:237) by cooperative intermolecular hydrogen bondings with alcoholic hydroxyl groups on C-6. The selectivity trends thought to be a function of the basicity of the anions and the size of the binding pocket in the receptors.
{"title":"Anion Recognition of 2,3-Disubstituted Cyclodextrin Derivatives in a Mixed Solvent of Acetnitrile and Water","authors":"N. Ito, Kazuaki Ito","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.21.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.21.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigated the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) as scaffolds for constructing anion receptors. 1-3 ), in which the hydroxyls on C-2 and C-3 are protected by benzyl, acetyl, or propionyl groups; moreover, we investigated their anion binding properties in CD 3 CN or CD 3 CN/D 2 O (99/1, v/v) using 1 H-NMR titration experiments. The results demonstrate that CD-based receptors ( 1-3 ) effectively bind with AcO (cid:237) and H 2 PO 4 (cid:237) by cooperative intermolecular hydrogen bondings with alcoholic hydroxyl groups on C-6. The selectivity trends thought to be a function of the basicity of the anions and the size of the binding pocket in the receptors.","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80881863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The detection of cracks in a solid is an important issue of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Cracks can be broadly categorized as an opened crack or a closed crack. Although an opened crack is detectable using the conventional pulse-echo method, a closed crack with a width of several nanometers may not be detected because the ultrasound transmits through the crack [1-2]. Higher harmonic detection techniques such as Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity (CAN) [3-5] have been developed to locate closed cracks or local plastic deformations in the material [6], but these methods cannot fully identify the behavior of the ultrasonic wave around the defects. Photoelastic method is the representative method to visualize the stress or ultrasonic wave propagation in the transparent material. Many previous studies [7-11], however, have not detailed with the wave propagation around the closed crack, especially tip of crack in the sample. In this paper, the visualization of ultrasonic wave around a crack which changes from opening condition to the closed one in a glass sample is carried out by the strobo-photoelastic method to explore the propagation properties of ultrasonic wave. The effect of the residual stress in the sample around the closed crack and their tip is also described. Possibility of pilot tool as the quantitative measurement system is also explored.
{"title":"Visualization of Ultrasound Propagation in the Glass with a Crack Possessing Residual Inner Stress","authors":"K. Imano, Yoshito Hosaka","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.21.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.21.7","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of cracks in a solid is an important issue of ultrasonic nondestructive testing. Cracks can be broadly categorized as an opened crack or a closed crack. Although an opened crack is detectable using the conventional pulse-echo method, a closed crack with a width of several nanometers may not be detected because the ultrasound transmits through the crack [1-2]. Higher harmonic detection techniques such as Contact Acoustic Nonlinearity (CAN) [3-5] have been developed to locate closed cracks or local plastic deformations in the material [6], but these methods cannot fully identify the behavior of the ultrasonic wave around the defects. Photoelastic method is the representative method to visualize the stress or ultrasonic wave propagation in the transparent material. Many previous studies [7-11], however, have not detailed with the wave propagation around the closed crack, especially tip of crack in the sample. In this paper, the visualization of ultrasonic wave around a crack which changes from opening condition to the closed one in a glass sample is carried out by the strobo-photoelastic method to explore the propagation properties of ultrasonic wave. The effect of the residual stress in the sample around the closed crack and their tip is also described. Possibility of pilot tool as the quantitative measurement system is also explored.","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"134 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77380589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterisation and Beneficiation of Complex Ores for Sustainable Use of Mineral Resources: Refractory Gold Ore Beneficiation as an Example","authors":"A. Otsuki, Yue Chen, Yihong Zhao","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.20.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.20.126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"32 1","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79400906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanghun LEE*, Takao ENDO*, Toshiro KAMADA** and Sangjin KIM*** *Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Miyagi 985-8537, Japan E-mail : leesh@mail.tohoku-gakuin.ac.jp **Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ***Department of Civil Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
{"title":"Application of Impact-Echo Method to Heterogeneous Materials","authors":"Sanghun Lee, T. Endo, T. Kamada, Sangjin Kim","doi":"10.5188/IJSMER.20.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5188/IJSMER.20.170","url":null,"abstract":"Sanghun LEE*, Takao ENDO*, Toshiro KAMADA** and Sangjin KIM*** *Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Miyagi 985-8537, Japan E-mail : leesh@mail.tohoku-gakuin.ac.jp **Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan ***Department of Civil Engineering, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea","PeriodicalId":14339,"journal":{"name":"International journal of the Society of Materials Engineering for Resources","volume":"536 1","pages":"170-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77157610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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