This new corona virus causes various health problems like pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), kidney injury, myocardial dysfunction, and gastrointestinal diseases (1). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects the immune system and causes an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other cytokines. In addition to COVID-19 itself, impaired immune system may cause alteration on hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal axis (2). Some studies showed a change in menstrual cycle, worsening of premenstrual symptoms and menorrhagia in women with COVID-19 compared to before the pandemic (3, 4). On the other hand, World Health Organization (WHO) suggests safe and effective vaccines to end COVID-19, besides wearing masks, cleaning hands, ensuring good ventilation indoors, physically distancing and avoiding crowds (5). After vaccination, some women complained of menstrual irregularities such as heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), frequent bleeding (metrorrhagia/ polymenorrhea), or postmenopausal bleeding. One of the underlying causes may be a vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia (6). The female human menstrual cycles could be affected by many situations such as stress, weight gain, hormones etc. During pandemic, studies show that women have significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression compared to men (7, 8). Hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal axis is sensitive to inadequate sleep, physical and psychological stress. Pulsatile mechanism of hormones is essential for regular menstrual cycle. Therefore, disruption of regularity in hormone release may cause to menstrual disorders (9). In addition, the vaccines activate the immune system and activated immune system might attack immune cells and inflammatory molecules in the uterus. This event may be associated with changes in menstrual cycles. To clarify these hypotheses, controlled studies are needed. Until now; pain, redness, swelling, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Cause Menstrual Irregularities?
{"title":"Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Cause Menstrual Irregularities?","authors":"Z. Kurdoğlu","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.29","url":null,"abstract":"This new corona virus causes various health problems like pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), kidney injury, myocardial dysfunction, and gastrointestinal diseases (1). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects the immune system and causes an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and other cytokines. In addition to COVID-19 itself, impaired immune system may cause alteration on hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal axis (2). Some studies showed a change in menstrual cycle, worsening of premenstrual symptoms and menorrhagia in women with COVID-19 compared to before the pandemic (3, 4). On the other hand, World Health Organization (WHO) suggests safe and effective vaccines to end COVID-19, besides wearing masks, cleaning hands, ensuring good ventilation indoors, physically distancing and avoiding crowds (5). After vaccination, some women complained of menstrual irregularities such as heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), frequent bleeding (metrorrhagia/ polymenorrhea), or postmenopausal bleeding. One of the underlying causes may be a vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia (6). The female human menstrual cycles could be affected by many situations such as stress, weight gain, hormones etc. During pandemic, studies show that women have significantly higher stress, anxiety, and depression compared to men (7, 8). Hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal axis is sensitive to inadequate sleep, physical and psychological stress. Pulsatile mechanism of hormones is essential for regular menstrual cycle. Therefore, disruption of regularity in hormone release may cause to menstrual disorders (9). In addition, the vaccines activate the immune system and activated immune system might attack immune cells and inflammatory molecules in the uterus. This event may be associated with changes in menstrual cycles. To clarify these hypotheses, controlled studies are needed. Until now; pain, redness, swelling, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Cause Menstrual Irregularities?","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79666064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahrzad Sanjari, R. Chaman, S. Salehin, Shahrbanoo Goli, A. Keramat
Objectives: Severe fear of childbirth (FOC) has adverse consequences for mother and child. This study aimed to update the global prevalence of severe FOC in low-risk pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Observational studies published in English were obtained through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar databases up to April 2020. After reviewing the title and introduction, the quality of the articles that had full text and met the inclusion criteria of the study was checked with the JBI checklist. Then, the final extracted data were entered into the STATA software. The overall prevalence of severe FOC and fear in subgroups were obtained using meta-analysis. Tests of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: Overall, 27 observational studies were included (26014 participants). The global prevalence of severe FOC was 16% (95% CI: 14%–19%). The subgroup analysis showed that after 2015, the prevalence of fear was higher than before (%18 versus %14). The results also showed a higher prevalence of fear in women with a diploma and lower compared to women with a university education (%19 versus %13), in single/divorced women compared to married/cohabitation women (%21 versus %15), in nulliparous women compared to multiparous women (%17 versus %14) and in women experiencing the second trimester of pregnancy compared to women in the third trimester of pregnancy (%23 versus %14). Conclusions: The global prevalence of severe FOC was 16%. Diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic and follow-up strategies are needed to reduce fear in all countries.
{"title":"Update on the Global Prevalence of Severe Fear of Childbirth in Low-Risk Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shahrzad Sanjari, R. Chaman, S. Salehin, Shahrbanoo Goli, A. Keramat","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Severe fear of childbirth (FOC) has adverse consequences for mother and child. This study aimed to update the global prevalence of severe FOC in low-risk pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Observational studies published in English were obtained through PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Wiley Online, and Google Scholar databases up to April 2020. After reviewing the title and introduction, the quality of the articles that had full text and met the inclusion criteria of the study was checked with the JBI checklist. Then, the final extracted data were entered into the STATA software. The overall prevalence of severe FOC and fear in subgroups were obtained using meta-analysis. Tests of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: Overall, 27 observational studies were included (26014 participants). The global prevalence of severe FOC was 16% (95% CI: 14%–19%). The subgroup analysis showed that after 2015, the prevalence of fear was higher than before (%18 versus %14). The results also showed a higher prevalence of fear in women with a diploma and lower compared to women with a university education (%19 versus %13), in single/divorced women compared to married/cohabitation women (%21 versus %15), in nulliparous women compared to multiparous women (%17 versus %14) and in women experiencing the second trimester of pregnancy compared to women in the third trimester of pregnancy (%23 versus %14). Conclusions: The global prevalence of severe FOC was 16%. Diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic and follow-up strategies are needed to reduce fear in all countries.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72870962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fariborz Rousta, M. Dadashzadeh, F. Mahdavi, A. Nasseri
Objectives: Tumor size and axillary lymph node (LN) involvement are used as prognostic markers and a guide for choosing adjuvant therapy. This study aimed to evaluate LN involvement and related risk factors in patients with breast cancer (BC) referred for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Using the census sampling method, 15,000 women with BC referring for radiotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective descriptive study performed at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2000-2020. LN involvement and related risk factors were recorded and analyzed using the t test and ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The prevalence of LN involvement in this study was 25%. The estrogen receptor status and LN involvement were associated with metastasis. The odds ratio of metastasis in patients with a negative estrogen receptor was about twice that of women with estrogen receptor positivity. Finally, the risk of metastasis in patients presenting with LN involvement was eight times higher than that of patients without LN involvement. Conclusion: In general, estrogen receptor status and LN involvement were associated with metastasis in patients with BC. Thus, these factors can be regarded as a guide to start necessary interventions earlier in at-risk patients.
{"title":"Lymph Node Involvement and Related Risk Factors in Patients With Breast Cancer Referred for Radiotherapy: A 20-Year Study on 15000 Women","authors":"Fariborz Rousta, M. Dadashzadeh, F. Mahdavi, A. Nasseri","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Tumor size and axillary lymph node (LN) involvement are used as prognostic markers and a guide for choosing adjuvant therapy. This study aimed to evaluate LN involvement and related risk factors in patients with breast cancer (BC) referred for radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Using the census sampling method, 15,000 women with BC referring for radiotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective descriptive study performed at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2000-2020. LN involvement and related risk factors were recorded and analyzed using the t test and ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05. Results: The prevalence of LN involvement in this study was 25%. The estrogen receptor status and LN involvement were associated with metastasis. The odds ratio of metastasis in patients with a negative estrogen receptor was about twice that of women with estrogen receptor positivity. Finally, the risk of metastasis in patients presenting with LN involvement was eight times higher than that of patients without LN involvement. Conclusion: In general, estrogen receptor status and LN involvement were associated with metastasis in patients with BC. Thus, these factors can be regarded as a guide to start necessary interventions earlier in at-risk patients.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80395263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyedeh-Roza Tafrishi Nejad, A. Khaki, Shamci Abbasalizadeh, M. Shokoohi, Nava Ainehchi
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) gene expression in histological injuries and acid stress caused by ovarian torsion in adult rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1 (Sham), the abdominal wall was cut without applying torsion and in group 2, ovarian torsion was performed for 2 hours, followed by detorsion for 2 weeks. The hydro-alcoholic extract of orange peel was added to their diet for two weeks in group 3, followed by ovarian torsion for 2 hours and detorsion for 2 hours. Group 4 received the orange peel extract for two weeks and after then ovarian resection for the evaluation of histological damage and blood sampling to examine the serum level of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the expression of PCNA and FSH-R genes in the ovarian tissue. Results: Histological changes in the ovary tissue of rats showed that torsion and detorsion have destructive effects on the ovarian tissue, and torsion/detorsion led to a reduction in the expression of PCNA and FSH-R (P < 0.05). Based on biochemical and hormonal results, the ovarian torsion resulted in an imbalance in the oxidative stress markers and hormone profile of rats. Finally, the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel due to its high antioxidant properties improves these effects. Conclusions: In general, administering an appropriate dose of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel for two consecutive weeks in the diet had a protective effect on the ovarian tissue at the risk of torsion/detorsion.
{"title":"Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Orange Peel on PCNA and FSH-R Gene Expression in Histological Damage and Oxidative Stress Due to Ovarian Torsion in Adult Rats","authors":"Seyedeh-Roza Tafrishi Nejad, A. Khaki, Shamci Abbasalizadeh, M. Shokoohi, Nava Ainehchi","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.38","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) gene expression in histological injuries and acid stress caused by ovarian torsion in adult rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1 (Sham), the abdominal wall was cut without applying torsion and in group 2, ovarian torsion was performed for 2 hours, followed by detorsion for 2 weeks. The hydro-alcoholic extract of orange peel was added to their diet for two weeks in group 3, followed by ovarian torsion for 2 hours and detorsion for 2 hours. Group 4 received the orange peel extract for two weeks and after then ovarian resection for the evaluation of histological damage and blood sampling to examine the serum level of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the expression of PCNA and FSH-R genes in the ovarian tissue. Results: Histological changes in the ovary tissue of rats showed that torsion and detorsion have destructive effects on the ovarian tissue, and torsion/detorsion led to a reduction in the expression of PCNA and FSH-R (P < 0.05). Based on biochemical and hormonal results, the ovarian torsion resulted in an imbalance in the oxidative stress markers and hormone profile of rats. Finally, the administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel due to its high antioxidant properties improves these effects. Conclusions: In general, administering an appropriate dose of the hydroalcoholic extract of orange peel for two consecutive weeks in the diet had a protective effect on the ovarian tissue at the risk of torsion/detorsion.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80783448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sedighe Alipanahpour, M. Zarshenas, M. Taheri, M. Akbarzadeh
Objectives: Abortion can be stressful for the family and may lead to psychological problems. The question arises whether religious attitudes can be restructured into women who experience induced and spontaneous abortions. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after therapeutic abortion (Induced and spontaneous) with the mother’s spiritual experiences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study with a sample size of 104 people was conducted in 2018-2019 in the selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The convenience sampling method was used in 2018. Research tools including the Mississippi PTSD Scale questionnaire were implemented for measuring stress and religious attitudes and completed immediately and a month after abortion. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, least significant difference post hoc test, and paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Results: Based on the results, 68.7%, 71.8%, and 72.7% of the abortion group with forensic medical letter, other causes, and spontaneous abortion had a high level of religious attitudes, respectively. In addition, 78.1%, 69.2%, and 72.7% of those who had an abortion with a forensic medical letter, underwent abortion for other causes, and experienced a spontaneous abortion had moderate PTSD immediately after abortion, respectively. Further, 62.5%, 64.1%, and 66.7% of women having an abortion with forensic medical letter, undergoing abortion for other causes, and experiencing spontaneous abortion had moderate PTSD one month after abortion, respectively. The findings revealed no significant relationship between PTSD differences immediately and a month after the abortion in the subjects (P=0.175). Conclusions: The research community had a high religious attitude while having no association with PTSD reductions. More than half of the pregnancies were unwanted, which may be due to stress levels.
{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study of Psychosocial Problems Following Therapeutic Abortion With the Mother’s Spiritual Experiences","authors":"Sedighe Alipanahpour, M. Zarshenas, M. Taheri, M. Akbarzadeh","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Abortion can be stressful for the family and may lead to psychological problems. The question arises whether religious attitudes can be restructured into women who experience induced and spontaneous abortions. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after therapeutic abortion (Induced and spontaneous) with the mother’s spiritual experiences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study with a sample size of 104 people was conducted in 2018-2019 in the selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The convenience sampling method was used in 2018. Research tools including the Mississippi PTSD Scale questionnaire were implemented for measuring stress and religious attitudes and completed immediately and a month after abortion. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, least significant difference post hoc test, and paired t-test or Wilcoxon test. Results: Based on the results, 68.7%, 71.8%, and 72.7% of the abortion group with forensic medical letter, other causes, and spontaneous abortion had a high level of religious attitudes, respectively. In addition, 78.1%, 69.2%, and 72.7% of those who had an abortion with a forensic medical letter, underwent abortion for other causes, and experienced a spontaneous abortion had moderate PTSD immediately after abortion, respectively. Further, 62.5%, 64.1%, and 66.7% of women having an abortion with forensic medical letter, undergoing abortion for other causes, and experiencing spontaneous abortion had moderate PTSD one month after abortion, respectively. The findings revealed no significant relationship between PTSD differences immediately and a month after the abortion in the subjects (P=0.175). Conclusions: The research community had a high religious attitude while having no association with PTSD reductions. More than half of the pregnancies were unwanted, which may be due to stress levels.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87495779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firoozeh Akbari Asbagh, Fatemeh Davari tanha, Z. Rezaei, M. Ebrahimi, T. Hemmati, Mojgan Talebbidokhti, Amir Ahmadi, Elham Feizabad
Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro fertilization success rate by transferring top- versus low-quality embryos. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 199 infertile women. Ninety-nine patients underwent an agonist cycle (70 fresh embryo transfer [ET] and 29 frozen ET), and 100 patients received an antagonist cycle (28 fresh ET and 72 frozen ET) in the infertility department of a tertiary university-based hospital between May 2019 and March 2020. The blastocysts classified as AA, AB, and BB, as well as AC, BC, and CC were considered as top- and poor-quality embryos (TQE and PQE). The study outcomes were biochemical and clinical and determined the rate of pregnancy. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.44±5.25 years old. Women with TQE were significantly younger than those with PQE (31.35±4.97 vs. 34.09±5.27, P<0.001). In addition, the duration of women’s infertility was significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the embryo’s top quality. A positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in 12.6% (n=25) of women while clinical pregnancy was investigated in 8% (n=16) of them. The fetal heart rate was detected in 7.5% (n=15). Eventually, the clinical (P=0.020) and determined (P=0.030) pregnancy rates significantly differed between two study groups with a higher level in the TQE group. Conclusions: It seems that TQP transfer should be the first recommendation for infertile women, but when the double-embryo transfer (DET) is needed according to the patient’s condition, she should be informed that the quality of the second embryo may have an adverse impact on pregnancy consequences.
{"title":"Evaluation of the In Vitro Fertilization Success Rate in Transfer of Top-Quality Embryo Versus Poor-Quality Embryos: A Cohort Study","authors":"Firoozeh Akbari Asbagh, Fatemeh Davari tanha, Z. Rezaei, M. Ebrahimi, T. Hemmati, Mojgan Talebbidokhti, Amir Ahmadi, Elham Feizabad","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the in vitro fertilization success rate by transferring top- versus low-quality embryos. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 199 infertile women. Ninety-nine patients underwent an agonist cycle (70 fresh embryo transfer [ET] and 29 frozen ET), and 100 patients received an antagonist cycle (28 fresh ET and 72 frozen ET) in the infertility department of a tertiary university-based hospital between May 2019 and March 2020. The blastocysts classified as AA, AB, and BB, as well as AC, BC, and CC were considered as top- and poor-quality embryos (TQE and PQE). The study outcomes were biochemical and clinical and determined the rate of pregnancy. Results: The average age of the participants was 32.44±5.25 years old. Women with TQE were significantly younger than those with PQE (31.35±4.97 vs. 34.09±5.27, P<0.001). In addition, the duration of women’s infertility was significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the embryo’s top quality. A positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in 12.6% (n=25) of women while clinical pregnancy was investigated in 8% (n=16) of them. The fetal heart rate was detected in 7.5% (n=15). Eventually, the clinical (P=0.020) and determined (P=0.030) pregnancy rates significantly differed between two study groups with a higher level in the TQE group. Conclusions: It seems that TQP transfer should be the first recommendation for infertile women, but when the double-embryo transfer (DET) is needed according to the patient’s condition, she should be informed that the quality of the second embryo may have an adverse impact on pregnancy consequences.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81471129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agatha Ogunkorode, Lorraine Holtslander, L. Ferguson, J. Maree, J. Anonson, V. Ramsden, D. Esan, I. Owoeye
Objectives: Globally, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women. Empirical literature indicate that it is the second cause of cancer-related mortality in high-resource regions, while it is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in poor-resource regions. This study presents the suitability of the health belief model (HBM) as a framework for carrying out a comprehensive assessment of women with late-stage breast cancer in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study employed interpretive description as its methodological approach, while the HBM was the conceptual framework. Two institutional review boards granted approval to conduct the study. Thirty women with advanced breast cancer were recruited for the study using purposeful sampling techniques. Components of the original HBM were identified to carry out the investigation. Data analysis was inductive. Results: Findings indicated that the participants viewed breast cancer as a definite threat- both as a spiritual attack – an arrow shot by the enemy, and as a killer disease. Many of their perceptions appeared to be culturally based, while others were based on their individual experiences. They perceived some benefits to both traditional and medical treatment options. Conclusions: Interventions that address people’s cultural and individual perceptions enables a comprehensive assessment of the patients with breast cancer, which can improve the treatment outcomes and survival rates of disease.
{"title":"The Suitability of the Health Belief Model as an Assessment Framework for Women With Breast Ill-Health","authors":"Agatha Ogunkorode, Lorraine Holtslander, L. Ferguson, J. Maree, J. Anonson, V. Ramsden, D. Esan, I. Owoeye","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.46","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Globally, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women. Empirical literature indicate that it is the second cause of cancer-related mortality in high-resource regions, while it is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in poor-resource regions. This study presents the suitability of the health belief model (HBM) as a framework for carrying out a comprehensive assessment of women with late-stage breast cancer in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study employed interpretive description as its methodological approach, while the HBM was the conceptual framework. Two institutional review boards granted approval to conduct the study. Thirty women with advanced breast cancer were recruited for the study using purposeful sampling techniques. Components of the original HBM were identified to carry out the investigation. Data analysis was inductive. Results: Findings indicated that the participants viewed breast cancer as a definite threat- both as a spiritual attack – an arrow shot by the enemy, and as a killer disease. Many of their perceptions appeared to be culturally based, while others were based on their individual experiences. They perceived some benefits to both traditional and medical treatment options. Conclusions: Interventions that address people’s cultural and individual perceptions enables a comprehensive assessment of the patients with breast cancer, which can improve the treatment outcomes and survival rates of disease.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dargahi, Behrooz Nazari, A. Dorosti, S. Charsouei
Objectives: Many factors such as stress and psychological tension affect the mental and physical health of pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus pandemic. These factors can cause severe complications such as sleep disorders and low back pain. Therefore, this study focused on investigating sleep disorders in women by diagnosing low back pain in pregnant women with coronavirus and the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed during the four months ending July 5, 2020 with the participation of 40 pregnant women (with coronavirus disease detected in the last trimester of pregnancy) with a diagnosis of low back pain in Tabriz (Iran) using a random sampling technique. Demographic data, anxiety and depression, Petersburg’s sleep quality, factors affecting sleep quality, and the severity of back pain (visual analog scale) were electronically collected and analyzed using SPSS 20 by ANOVA and multivariate regression. Results: All participants were at a weak level. The majority of participants had a score of "serious sleep problem", and nausea and vomiting (P=0.041), low back pain (P=0.003), frequent urination (P=0.011), leg cramps (P=0.031), and constipation (P=0.018) caused severe sleep disturbance in pregnant women during coronavirus pandemic. Conclusions: In general, having coronavirus disease causes severe pain in pregnant women, leading to severe back pain in pregnancy, eventually worsening sleep disorders.
{"title":"Does Coronavirus Disease Affect Sleep Disorders in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Women With Low Back Pain?","authors":"R. Dargahi, Behrooz Nazari, A. Dorosti, S. Charsouei","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.49","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Many factors such as stress and psychological tension affect the mental and physical health of pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus pandemic. These factors can cause severe complications such as sleep disorders and low back pain. Therefore, this study focused on investigating sleep disorders in women by diagnosing low back pain in pregnant women with coronavirus and the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed during the four months ending July 5, 2020 with the participation of 40 pregnant women (with coronavirus disease detected in the last trimester of pregnancy) with a diagnosis of low back pain in Tabriz (Iran) using a random sampling technique. Demographic data, anxiety and depression, Petersburg’s sleep quality, factors affecting sleep quality, and the severity of back pain (visual analog scale) were electronically collected and analyzed using SPSS 20 by ANOVA and multivariate regression. Results: All participants were at a weak level. The majority of participants had a score of \"serious sleep problem\", and nausea and vomiting (P=0.041), low back pain (P=0.003), frequent urination (P=0.011), leg cramps (P=0.031), and constipation (P=0.018) caused severe sleep disturbance in pregnant women during coronavirus pandemic. Conclusions: In general, having coronavirus disease causes severe pain in pregnant women, leading to severe back pain in pregnancy, eventually worsening sleep disorders.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80305572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mokhtari, Shekoofehsadat Mousavi, Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh, S. Hakimi, E. Mehrabi, Neda Shamsalizadeh
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine factors related to childbirth satisfaction in women who experienced psychological traumatic childbirth. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine 375 postpartum women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth according to criterion A of the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 [A]). Data-gathering tools were the demographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire and Mackey childbirth satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24.0), and independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as multivariate linear regression test were used to perform data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the delivery satisfaction score was 120.09 (27.11) out of 170. The predictors of satisfaction with delivery in women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth included type of delivery (P < 0.001), accordance of the delivery with the desired delivery (P = 0.013), and analgesia (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It seems that with continuous training and counseling about the type of delivery, the mother’s participation in delivery decisions, and also providing a variety of analgesia methods during delivery can increase childbirth satisfaction and reduce psychological traumatic childbirth.
{"title":"Childbirth Satisfaction in Women With Psychological Traumatic Childbirth","authors":"F. Mokhtari, Shekoofehsadat Mousavi, Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh, S. Hakimi, E. Mehrabi, Neda Shamsalizadeh","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was conducted to determine factors related to childbirth satisfaction in women who experienced psychological traumatic childbirth. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to examine 375 postpartum women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth according to criterion A of the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 [A]). Data-gathering tools were the demographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire and Mackey childbirth satisfaction questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 24.0), and independent t test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as multivariate linear regression test were used to perform data analysis. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the delivery satisfaction score was 120.09 (27.11) out of 170. The predictors of satisfaction with delivery in women who had experienced psychological traumatic childbirth included type of delivery (P < 0.001), accordance of the delivery with the desired delivery (P = 0.013), and analgesia (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It seems that with continuous training and counseling about the type of delivery, the mother’s participation in delivery decisions, and also providing a variety of analgesia methods during delivery can increase childbirth satisfaction and reduce psychological traumatic childbirth.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80518658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of mefenamic acid for the reduction of bleeding and spotting in post-partum women initiating the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study included postpartum breastfeeding women in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Mefenamic acid or placebo was administered over the first 12 weeks of DMPA use. Then, participants completed a self-report bleeding diary. Results: Forty women, initiating the use of DMPA for postpartum contraception, were randomized to mefenamic acid (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group. The study was discontinued after 27 months because of suboptimal enrollment. The mefenamic acid group was less likely to have prolonged bleeding compared to placebo although this was not statistically significant (37.5% vs. 50%, respectively, P = 0.491). DMPA discontinuation rates were high at 50% in both groups although no participants in the mefenamic acid group stopped using DMPA due to bleeding side effects. Conclusions: The high discontinuation rates in the postpartum use of DMPA are attributed to the occurrence of bleeding/spotting side effects. Although mefenamic acid prophylaxis appeared to be beneficial to some women, a larger randomized controlled trial is required to confirm the effectiveness of this approach.
{"title":"Mefenamic Acid for the Prevention of Bleeding and Spotting From Depot-medroxyprogesterone Acetate: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"J. Sothornwit, Y. Werawatakul, Orathai Saenbon","doi":"10.15296/ijwhr.2021.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2021.53","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of mefenamic acid for the reduction of bleeding and spotting in post-partum women initiating the use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) for contraception. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study included postpartum breastfeeding women in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Mefenamic acid or placebo was administered over the first 12 weeks of DMPA use. Then, participants completed a self-report bleeding diary. Results: Forty women, initiating the use of DMPA for postpartum contraception, were randomized to mefenamic acid (n=20) or placebo (n=20) group. The study was discontinued after 27 months because of suboptimal enrollment. The mefenamic acid group was less likely to have prolonged bleeding compared to placebo although this was not statistically significant (37.5% vs. 50%, respectively, P = 0.491). DMPA discontinuation rates were high at 50% in both groups although no participants in the mefenamic acid group stopped using DMPA due to bleeding side effects. Conclusions: The high discontinuation rates in the postpartum use of DMPA are attributed to the occurrence of bleeding/spotting side effects. Although mefenamic acid prophylaxis appeared to be beneficial to some women, a larger randomized controlled trial is required to confirm the effectiveness of this approach.","PeriodicalId":14346,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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