Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2160763
Giulia Menculini, Luca Jr Steardo, Norma Verdolini, Martina D'Angelo, Elena Chipi, Federica Cirimbilli, Laura Orsolini, Umberto Volpe, Pasquale De Fazio, Alfonso Tortorella
Objective: The present study was aimed at investigating the clinical correlates of evening chronotype in a population of subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD).
Methods: We assessed chronotype using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We administered the brief Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Alda Scale to evaluate affective temperaments, impulsiveness, and response to mood stabilisers. We performed bivariate analyses and ran a logistic regression model to analyse clinical variables associated with evening chronotype.
Results: In our sample (n = 178), subjects with an evening chronotype (n = 56, 31.5%) more often suffered from BD type I and reported higher prevalence of seasonality, antidepressant-induced mood switches, psychotic, aggressive, mixed, and anxiety features, and substance use disorders. The number of lifetime suicide attempts and mood episodes was higher in this subgroup. Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores were higher among evening-chronotype subjects, who also displayed greater levels of impulsiveness and worse treatment response. At the logistic regression, evening chronotype was associated with depressive and irritable temperaments.
Conclusions: Subjects with evening chronotype display higher clinical severity and worse BD course. Clinicians should evaluate the presence of evening chronotype in BD subjects, especially in those with irritable or depressive temperament.Key pointsEvening chronotype is a frequent clinical feature in subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD);Affective temperaments, particularly depressive and irritable, are associated with evening chronotype in BD;Evening chronotype underpins higher severity of the clinical picture in BD, as well as a worse response to mood stabiliser treatment;Circadian preferences should be systematically assessed in subjects suffering from BD, with particular attention to evening preference.
{"title":"Chronotype is associated with affective temperaments, clinical severity and worse treatment outcomes in bipolar disorders: results from a two-center, cross-sectional study.","authors":"Giulia Menculini, Luca Jr Steardo, Norma Verdolini, Martina D'Angelo, Elena Chipi, Federica Cirimbilli, Laura Orsolini, Umberto Volpe, Pasquale De Fazio, Alfonso Tortorella","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2160763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2160763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was aimed at investigating the clinical correlates of evening chronotype in a population of subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed chronotype using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. We administered the brief Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Alda Scale to evaluate affective temperaments, impulsiveness, and response to mood stabilisers. We performed bivariate analyses and ran a logistic regression model to analyse clinical variables associated with evening chronotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our sample (<i>n</i> = 178), subjects with an evening chronotype (<i>n</i> = 56, 31.5%) more often suffered from BD type I and reported higher prevalence of seasonality, antidepressant-induced mood switches, psychotic, aggressive, mixed, and anxiety features, and substance use disorders. The number of lifetime suicide attempts and mood episodes was higher in this subgroup. Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores were higher among evening-chronotype subjects, who also displayed greater levels of impulsiveness and worse treatment response. At the logistic regression, evening chronotype was associated with depressive and irritable temperaments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subjects with evening chronotype display higher clinical severity and worse BD course. Clinicians should evaluate the presence of evening chronotype in BD subjects, especially in those with irritable or depressive temperament.Key pointsEvening chronotype is a frequent clinical feature in subjects suffering from bipolar disorders (BD);Affective temperaments, particularly depressive and irritable, are associated with evening chronotype in BD;Evening chronotype underpins higher severity of the clinical picture in BD, as well as a worse response to mood stabiliser treatment;Circadian preferences should be systematically assessed in subjects suffering from BD, with particular attention to evening preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-04-17DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965
Natalie Seiler, Keivan Davoodi, Michael Keem, Subhash Das
Appropriate screening tools are required to accurately detect complex post traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). This systematic review aimed to assess and compare measurement tools. A literature search using key words 'complex post traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD', and 'assessment' was undertaken on Embase and PsychINFO during February 2022 by two reviewers. Inclusion criteria included full text papers between 2002-2022 which evaluated CPTSD using assessment tools. Exclusion criteria included reviews, editorials, meta-analyses, or conference abstracts. Twenty-two papers met selection criteria. Thirteen studies used the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Two studies each evaluated CPTSD with the International Trauma Interview (ITI) or Symptoms of Trauma Scale (SOTS). The Developmental Trauma Inventory (DTI), Cameron Complex Trauma Interview (CCTI), Complex PTSD Item Set additional to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (COPISAC), Complex Trauma Questionnaire (ComplexTQ), and Scale 8 of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scale (MMPI) were used by a single study each. The ITQ was the most thoroughly investigated, validated across different populations, and is a convenient questionnaire for screening within the clinical setting. Where self-report measures are inappropriate, the ITI, SOTS, and COPISAC are interview tools which detect CPTSD. However, they require further validation and should be used alongside clinical history and examination.
{"title":"Assessment tools for complex post traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review.","authors":"Natalie Seiler, Keivan Davoodi, Michael Keem, Subhash Das","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2197965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate screening tools are required to accurately detect complex post traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). This systematic review aimed to assess and compare measurement tools. A literature search using key words 'complex post traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD', and 'assessment' was undertaken on Embase and PsychINFO during February 2022 by two reviewers. Inclusion criteria included full text papers between 2002-2022 which evaluated CPTSD using assessment tools. Exclusion criteria included reviews, editorials, meta-analyses, or conference abstracts. Twenty-two papers met selection criteria. Thirteen studies used the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Two studies each evaluated CPTSD with the International Trauma Interview (ITI) or Symptoms of Trauma Scale (SOTS). The Developmental Trauma Inventory (DTI), Cameron Complex Trauma Interview (CCTI), Complex PTSD Item Set additional to the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (COPISAC), Complex Trauma Questionnaire (ComplexTQ), and Scale 8 of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scale (MMPI) were used by a single study each. The ITQ was the most thoroughly investigated, validated across different populations, and is a convenient questionnaire for screening within the clinical setting. Where self-report measures are inappropriate, the ITI, SOTS, and COPISAC are interview tools which detect CPTSD. However, they require further validation and should be used alongside clinical history and examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"292-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10141653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2187308
Siegfried Kasper, Anne Eckert, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Hans-Peter Volz, Erich Seifritz
Objective: Psychiatric symptoms are common and bothersome in individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Because they are often mixed and subthreshold, established treatment regimens cannot be applied. There is an urgent need to identify therapeutics for affected patients. Silexan, a proprietary essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia, has demonstrated efficacy against anxiety, comorbid symptoms, and subthreshold and mixed syndromes. The aim of the current narrative review is to examine the therapeutic potential of Silexan for psychiatric manifestations in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Methods: We reviewed clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of Silexan and first clinical experience in patients with psychiatric symptoms attributable to the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, we discussed potential modes of action based on nonclinical data.Results: Silexan has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder; subsyndromal anxiety disorders; comorbid depressive, somatic, and sleep disturbance symptoms; and mixed anxiety and depression. Emerging clinical experience also suggests the effectiveness and tolerability of Silexan for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This can be explained by the fact that the therapeutic profile of Silexan overlaps with the spectrum of psychiatric symptoms in such patients.Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate a promising potential of Silexan for the treatment of psychiatric manifestations in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Key pointsAnxiety and mixed neuropsychiatric manifestations are commonly observed in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Silexan has anxiolytic properties and can alleviate comorbid depressive, somatic, and sleep impairment symptoms.Silexan exhibits several biological mechanisms, such as neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties, which have the potential to positively impact post-COVID-19 disease.Silexan has a favourable safety profile and high acceptance among patients.Emerging data suggest that Silexan can alleviate neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Silexan should be considered as a therapeutic in patients with psychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
{"title":"Psychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: the potential benefit of Silexan.","authors":"Siegfried Kasper, Anne Eckert, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Hans-Peter Volz, Erich Seifritz","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2187308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2023.2187308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Psychiatric symptoms are common and bothersome in individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome. Because they are often mixed and subthreshold, established treatment regimens cannot be applied. There is an urgent need to identify therapeutics for affected patients. Silexan, a proprietary essential oil from <i>Lavandula angustifolia</i>, has demonstrated efficacy against anxiety, comorbid symptoms, and subthreshold and mixed syndromes. The aim of the current narrative review is to examine the therapeutic potential of Silexan for psychiatric manifestations in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.<b>Methods:</b> We reviewed clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of Silexan and first clinical experience in patients with psychiatric symptoms attributable to the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, we discussed potential modes of action based on nonclinical data.<b>Results:</b> Silexan has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder; subsyndromal anxiety disorders; comorbid depressive, somatic, and sleep disturbance symptoms; and mixed anxiety and depression. Emerging clinical experience also suggests the effectiveness and tolerability of Silexan for patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This can be explained by the fact that the therapeutic profile of Silexan overlaps with the spectrum of psychiatric symptoms in such patients.<b>Conclusion:</b> Preliminary findings indicate a promising potential of Silexan for the treatment of psychiatric manifestations in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Key pointsAnxiety and mixed neuropsychiatric manifestations are commonly observed in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Silexan has anxiolytic properties and can alleviate comorbid depressive, somatic, and sleep impairment symptoms.Silexan exhibits several biological mechanisms, such as neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties, which have the potential to positively impact post-COVID-19 disease.Silexan has a favourable safety profile and high acceptance among patients.Emerging data suggest that Silexan can alleviate neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.Silexan should be considered as a therapeutic in patients with psychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10514696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2187843
Jay Watts
Objective and Method: Female autism can be misdiagnosed as borderline personality disorder, leading to mistreatment and unnecessary harm. By educating clinicians on how female autism can mimic borderline personality disorder, we can increase the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnosis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.Result: There is a common myth that clinicians can easily recognise borderline personality disorder, leading to a shortcut in the diagnostic process and the potential for missing signs of autism in early childhood.Conclusion: Clinicians must be encouraged to pursue thorough differential diagnoses, especially for women and transgender individuals who experience emotional lability with self-harm.KEY POINTSAutism is underdiagnosed in girls, women, and transgender individuals due both to diagnostic bias, and the quieter, less visible signs and symptoms of female autism.As females are so adept at camouflaging difference, distress generally only becomes manifest during mid childhood and adolescence, when mental illness gets misidentified as primary cause.Early mood difficulties often transform into more serious distress with emotional lability and self-harm. This can get misrecognised as borderline personality disorder, causing preventable harm.Borderline personality disorder is something that clinicians often feel they can recognise immediately, increasing the need to consciously think about differential diagnoses especially when presented with females who self-injure.
{"title":"Engendering misunderstanding: autism and borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Jay Watts","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2187843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2023.2187843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective and Method:</b> Female autism can be misdiagnosed as borderline personality disorder, leading to mistreatment and unnecessary harm. By educating clinicians on how female autism can mimic borderline personality disorder, we can increase the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnosis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.<b>Result:</b> There is a common myth that clinicians can easily recognise borderline personality disorder, leading to a shortcut in the diagnostic process and the potential for missing signs of autism in early childhood.<b>Conclusion:</b> Clinicians must be encouraged to pursue thorough differential diagnoses, especially for women and transgender individuals who experience emotional lability with self-harm.KEY POINTSAutism is underdiagnosed in girls, women, and transgender individuals due both to diagnostic bias, and the quieter, less visible signs and symptoms of female autism.As females are so adept at camouflaging difference, distress generally only becomes manifest during mid childhood and adolescence, when mental illness gets misidentified as primary cause.Early mood difficulties often transform into more serious distress with emotional lability and self-harm. This can get misrecognised as borderline personality disorder, causing preventable harm.Borderline personality disorder is something that clinicians often feel they can recognise immediately, increasing the need to consciously think about differential diagnoses especially when presented with females who self-injure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"316-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10197809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2151473
David Taylor, Ramalingam Chithiramohan, Jasdev Grewal, Avirup Gupta, Lars Hansen, Gavin P Reynolds, Sofia Pappa
Worldwide, there are now three marketed dopamine D2 partial agonists: aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine. These three drugs share a number of properties other than their action at D2 receptors. Pharmacologically, they are 5HT2 antagonists and D3 and 5HT1A partial agonists but with little or no alpha-adrenergic, anticholinergic or antihistaminic activity. They also share a long duration of action. Clinically, D2 partial agonists are effective antipsychotics and generally have useful antimanic and antidepressant activity. They are usually well tolerated, causing akathisia and insomnia only at the start of treatment, and are non-sedating. These drugs also share a very low risk of increased prolactin and of weight gain and accompanying metabolic effects. They may also have a relatively low risk of tardive dyskinesia. There is some evidence that they are preferred by patients to dopamine antagonists. Individual dopamineD2 partial agonists have much in common and as a group they differ importantly from dopamine D2 antagonists. Dopamine D2 partial agonists should be considered a distinct class of antipsychotics.Key pointsD2 partial agonists share many pharmacological and clinical propertiesD2 partial agonists differ in several important respects from D2 antagonistsD2 partial agonists should be considered a discrete class of antipsychotics.
{"title":"Dopamine partial agonists: a discrete class of antipsychotics.","authors":"David Taylor, Ramalingam Chithiramohan, Jasdev Grewal, Avirup Gupta, Lars Hansen, Gavin P Reynolds, Sofia Pappa","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2151473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2151473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Worldwide, there are now three marketed dopamine D2 partial agonists: aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine. These three drugs share a number of properties other than their action at D2 receptors. Pharmacologically, they are 5HT2 antagonists and D3 and 5HT1A partial agonists but with little or no alpha-adrenergic, anticholinergic or antihistaminic activity. They also share a long duration of action. Clinically, D2 partial agonists are effective antipsychotics and generally have useful antimanic and antidepressant activity. They are usually well tolerated, causing akathisia and insomnia only at the start of treatment, and are non-sedating. These drugs also share a very low risk of increased prolactin and of weight gain and accompanying metabolic effects. They may also have a relatively low risk of tardive dyskinesia. There is some evidence that they are preferred by patients to dopamine antagonists. Individual dopamineD2 partial agonists have much in common and as a group they differ importantly from dopamine D2 antagonists. Dopamine D2 partial agonists should be considered a distinct class of antipsychotics.Key pointsD2 partial agonists share many pharmacological and clinical propertiesD2 partial agonists differ in several important respects from D2 antagonistsD2 partial agonists should be considered a discrete class of antipsychotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"272-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10495601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2160764
Mustafa Tuncturk, Cagatay Ermis, Dicle Buyuktaskin, Serkan Turan, Yesim Saglam, Sezen Alarslan, Duru Guler, Ekin Sut, Guldal Unutmaz, Ayse Beste Guzel, Ozge Atay Canbek, Neslihan Inal, Gul Karacetin, Philip Hazell
Objective: This study sought to compare pre-intervention patient characteristics and post-intervention outcomes in a naturalistic sample of adolescent inpatients with treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms who received either electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or clozapine.
Methods: Data of adolescents with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder receiving ECT or clozapine were retrospectively collected from two tertiary-care psychiatry-teaching university hospitals. Subscale scores of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) factors were calculated according to the five-factor solution. Baseline demographics, illness characteristics, and post-intervention outcomes were compared.
Results: There was no significant difference between patients receiving ECT (n = 13) and clozapine (n = 66) in terms of age, sex, and the duration of hospital stay. The ECT group more commonly had higher overall illness and aggression severity. Smoking was less frequent in the clozapine group. Baseline resistance/excitement symptom severity was significantly higher in the ECT group, while positive, negative, affect, disorganisation, and total symptom scores were not. Both interventions provided a significant reduction in PANSS scores with large effect sizes.
Conclusion: Both ECT and clozapine yielded high effectiveness rates in adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Youth receiving ECT were generally more activated than those who received clozapine.
{"title":"Electroconvulsive therapy or clozapine for adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: an explorative analysis on symptom dimensions.","authors":"Mustafa Tuncturk, Cagatay Ermis, Dicle Buyuktaskin, Serkan Turan, Yesim Saglam, Sezen Alarslan, Duru Guler, Ekin Sut, Guldal Unutmaz, Ayse Beste Guzel, Ozge Atay Canbek, Neslihan Inal, Gul Karacetin, Philip Hazell","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2160764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2160764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to compare pre-intervention patient characteristics and post-intervention outcomes in a naturalistic sample of adolescent inpatients with treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms who received either electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or clozapine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of adolescents with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder receiving ECT or clozapine were retrospectively collected from two tertiary-care psychiatry-teaching university hospitals. Subscale scores of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) factors were calculated according to the five-factor solution. Baseline demographics, illness characteristics, and post-intervention outcomes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference between patients receiving ECT (<i>n</i> = 13) and clozapine (<i>n</i> = 66) in terms of age, sex, and the duration of hospital stay. The ECT group more commonly had higher overall illness and aggression severity. Smoking was less frequent in the clozapine group. Baseline resistance/excitement symptom severity was significantly higher in the ECT group, while positive, negative, affect, disorganisation, and total symptom scores were not. Both interventions provided a significant reduction in PANSS scores with large effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both ECT and clozapine yielded high effectiveness rates in adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. Youth receiving ECT were generally more activated than those who received clozapine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"257-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10131941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2023.2222768
Hans-Jürgen Möller
Hanns Hippius (1925-2021) can be seen as a stimulating pioneer of Psychopharmacology and of Neuroscience. He was very influential in this area not only in Germany, but also on an international level. With reference to clinical psychopharmacology especially his activities for the development of Clozapine are of greatest importance. When he became Chairman of the Psychiatric Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (1971-1994), he established all necessary facilities for research in Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience, which was at that time a great progress in psychiatry. This was the base to establish a Munich school of clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience. A majority of his co-workers did research in psychopharmacology and neuroscience and made their academic careers in this area and several achieved university chair positions in Germany, on which they could procreate the standards and knowledge of the Munich school of psychopharmacology and neuroscience. His engagement for psychopharmacology can be seen in addition in the fact that he was co-founder and one of the first presidents of CINP (1972-1974), the International College of Psychopharmacology. The recollections presented in this article describe the objective data as well as some personal experiences of the author.
{"title":"Recollecting Hanns Hippius: a stimulating pioneer of psychopharmacology and neuroscience.","authors":"Hans-Jürgen Möller","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2023.2222768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2023.2222768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hanns Hippius (1925-2021) can be seen as a stimulating pioneer of Psychopharmacology and of Neuroscience. He was very influential in this area not only in Germany, but also on an international level. With reference to clinical psychopharmacology especially his activities for the development of Clozapine are of greatest importance. When he became Chairman of the Psychiatric Department of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (1971-1994), he established all necessary facilities for research in Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience, which was at that time a great progress in psychiatry. This was the base to establish a Munich school of clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience. A majority of his co-workers did research in psychopharmacology and neuroscience and made their academic careers in this area and several achieved university chair positions in Germany, on which they could procreate the standards and knowledge of the Munich school of psychopharmacology and neuroscience. His engagement for psychopharmacology can be seen in addition in the fact that he was co-founder and one of the first presidents of CINP (1972-1974), the International College of Psychopharmacology. The recollections presented in this article describe the objective data as well as some personal experiences of the author.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"308-315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415
Natasha Subhas, Jin Kiat Ang, Kit-Aun Tan, Siti Nor Aizah Ahmad
Objective: The present study examined the relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from a local outpatient psychiatric clinic in Malaysia.
Methods: The present sample included 110 participants aged 20-60 years old. Participants were invited to provide their information on sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and educational level) and clinical characteristics (age at onset of depression and duration of illness) and to complete a series of cognitive performance measures including the Trail Making Tests A (psychomotor speed) and B (executive function), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (attention), and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate free recall, acquisition phase, and delayed recall). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 6.0 was used to confirm the diagnosis of MDD and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess illness severity.
Results: At the bivariate level, relations of age and educational level to all cognitive deficit domains were significant. At the multivariate level, only educational level and illness severity consistently and significantly predicted all cognitive deficits domains.
Conclusions: Therapeutic modalities should be individualised whilst considering the impacts of cognitive deficits in an attempt to prevent further deterioration in psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.KEY POINTSCognitive deficits are an elemental component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) persisting during a current major depressive episode or during remission, altering individuals' ability to process information and changes the way they perceive and interact with the environment.Cognitive deficits in MDD are evident among the upper-middle income groups in South-Eastern Asian countries warranting more local research as such deficits could lead to functional decline and work performance such as absenteeism and presenteeism.Therapeutic modalities should be individualised by taking the impacts of cognitive deficits into consideration to promote psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.
{"title":"Relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits among adult patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Natasha Subhas, Jin Kiat Ang, Kit-Aun Tan, Siti Nor Aizah Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study examined the relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from a local outpatient psychiatric clinic in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present sample included 110 participants aged 20-60 years old. Participants were invited to provide their information on sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and educational level) and clinical characteristics (age at onset of depression and duration of illness) and to complete a series of cognitive performance measures including the Trail Making Tests A (psychomotor speed) and B (executive function), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (attention), and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate free recall, acquisition phase, and delayed recall). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 6.0 was used to confirm the diagnosis of MDD and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess illness severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the bivariate level, relations of age and educational level to all cognitive deficit domains were significant. At the multivariate level, only educational level and illness severity consistently and significantly predicted all cognitive deficits domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic modalities should be individualised whilst considering the impacts of cognitive deficits in an attempt to prevent further deterioration in psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.KEY POINTSCognitive deficits are an elemental component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) persisting during a current major depressive episode or during remission, altering individuals' ability to process information and changes the way they perceive and interact with the environment.Cognitive deficits in MDD are evident among the upper-middle income groups in South-Eastern Asian countries warranting more local research as such deficits could lead to functional decline and work performance such as absenteeism and presenteeism.Therapeutic modalities should be individualised by taking the impacts of cognitive deficits into consideration to promote psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19-P) on clinical and health organisational variables of patients evaluated by Liaison Psychiatry (LP).
Methods: Revision of all collaboration requests (CR) to LP for patients hospitalised in a Portuguese General Hospital during the second wave of COVID-19-P, from 1 October to 31 December of 2020. Medical charts were analysed and selected variables were compared with those of the homologous non-pandemic period. Data were statistically analysed.
Results: There was a 22.3% decrease in the number of CR in 2020. The most frequently given reasons for CR were depressive symptoms, psychomotor agitation, and difficulties in adapting to the disease in both years. However, 5.9% more patients reported suicidal ideation in 2020. The hospitalisation length before CR was smaller in 2020 than in 2019 (9 vs 11). There was a higher proportion of patients followed in a psychiatric consultation and previously taking psychotropic medication before hospitalisation in 2020 than in 2019. After the assessment, the trend was that both groups did not meet diagnostic criteria for any disorder and no pharmacological adjustment was needed.
Conclusion: This study highlights the need to better characterise the indirect repercussion of COVID-19-P, and focus on the prevention and treatment of mental illness particularly in adverse contexts.Key PointsFewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during the second wave of COVID-19;Collaboration requests were made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and psychotropic medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation;Fewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during COVID-19;Made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation.
{"title":"The impact of the second wave of COVID-19 on liaison psychiatry: a comparative retrospective study with the homologous non-pandemic period.","authors":"Filipa Caldas, Margarida Vasconcelos Araújo, Palmira Coya, Rodrigo Valido, Catarina Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2158108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2158108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19-P) on clinical and health organisational variables of patients evaluated by Liaison Psychiatry (LP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Revision of all collaboration requests (CR) to LP for patients hospitalised in a Portuguese General Hospital during the second wave of COVID-19-P, from 1 October to 31 December of 2020. Medical charts were analysed and selected variables were compared with those of the homologous non-pandemic period. Data were statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a 22.3% decrease in the number of CR in 2020. The most frequently given reasons for CR were depressive symptoms, psychomotor agitation, and difficulties in adapting to the disease in both years. However, 5.9% more patients reported suicidal ideation in 2020. The hospitalisation length before CR was smaller in 2020 than in 2019 (9 vs 11). There was a higher proportion of patients followed in a psychiatric consultation and previously taking psychotropic medication before hospitalisation in 2020 than in 2019. After the assessment, the trend was that both groups did not meet diagnostic criteria for any disorder and no pharmacological adjustment was needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the need to better characterise the indirect repercussion of COVID-19-P, and focus on the prevention and treatment of mental illness particularly in adverse contexts.Key PointsFewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during the second wave of COVID-19;Collaboration requests were made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and psychotropic medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation;Fewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during COVID-19;Made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"243-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068
Kevin-Marc Valery, Louis Violeau, Thomas Fournier, Florence Yvon, Sophie Arfeuillere, Julien Bonilla-Guerrero, Aude Caria, Antonin Carrier, Jean-Marc Destaillats, Alice Follenfant, Sonia Laberon, Nadeja Lalbin-Wander, Eric Martinez, Bérénice Staedel, Roselyne Touroude, Luc Vigneault, Solenne Roux, Antoinette Prouteau
Background: Stigma is highly prejudicial to persons with schizophrenia, their families, the society and the health care system. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of schizophrenia stigma.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with stigma in MHP in its three dimensions (stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, Fiske, 1998).
Methods: An online survey was conducted with specific measures of MHP stigma (stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination). Four categories of potential associated factors were also measured: sociodemographic characteristics, contextual characteristics (e.g., Work setting), individual characteristics (e.g., Profession, Recovery-oriented practices) and theoretical beliefs (e.g., Biological beliefs, Perceived similarities, Continuum versus Categorical beliefs).
Results: Responses of 357 MHP were analysed. Factors that were the most strongly associated with MHP stigma were Perceived similarities, Categorical beliefs, Biological beliefs, Recovery-oriented practice and Work setting (independent practice). Conversely, Gender, Specific trainings in stigma or recovery and Cognitive aetiology beliefs showed no association with any of MHP stigma dimension. Remaining factors show associations with a weak effect size.
Conclusions: The survey results suggest that MHP stigma is more influenced by individual factors such as theoretical beliefs and recovery-oriented practices than contextual factors. These original results provide perspectives for reducing stigma in mental health practices.Key pointsMental health professionals (MHP) considering they share similarities with persons with schizophrenia or believing that schizophrenia is not a discrete social category but rather the extreme on a continuum between 'normal' and 'pathologic' reported less stigmatisation.MHP holding higher professional utility beliefs and using recovery-oriented practice reported fewer stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.Other factors such as age, academic level, contact frequency, familiarity and multidisciplinary practice show associations with a weak effect size.
{"title":"Part of the solution yet part of the problem: factors of schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals.","authors":"Kevin-Marc Valery, Louis Violeau, Thomas Fournier, Florence Yvon, Sophie Arfeuillere, Julien Bonilla-Guerrero, Aude Caria, Antonin Carrier, Jean-Marc Destaillats, Alice Follenfant, Sonia Laberon, Nadeja Lalbin-Wander, Eric Martinez, Bérénice Staedel, Roselyne Touroude, Luc Vigneault, Solenne Roux, Antoinette Prouteau","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stigma is highly prejudicial to persons with schizophrenia, their families, the society and the health care system. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of schizophrenia stigma.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with stigma in MHP in its three dimensions (stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, Fiske, 1998).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted with specific measures of MHP stigma (stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination). Four categories of potential associated factors were also measured: sociodemographic characteristics, contextual characteristics (e.g., Work setting), individual characteristics (e.g., Profession, Recovery-oriented practices) and theoretical beliefs (e.g., Biological beliefs, Perceived similarities, Continuum <i>versus</i> Categorical beliefs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses of 357 MHP were analysed. Factors that were the most strongly associated with MHP stigma were Perceived similarities, Categorical beliefs, Biological beliefs, Recovery-oriented practice and Work setting (independent practice). Conversely, Gender, Specific trainings in stigma or recovery and Cognitive aetiology beliefs showed no association with any of MHP stigma dimension. Remaining factors show associations with a weak effect size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey results suggest that MHP stigma is more influenced by individual factors such as theoretical beliefs and recovery-oriented practices than contextual factors. These original results provide perspectives for reducing stigma in mental health practices.Key pointsMental health professionals (MHP) considering they share similarities with persons with schizophrenia or believing that schizophrenia is not a discrete social category but rather the extreme on a continuum between 'normal' and 'pathologic' reported less stigmatisation.MHP holding higher professional utility beliefs and using recovery-oriented practice reported fewer stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.Other factors such as age, academic level, contact frequency, familiarity and multidisciplinary practice show associations with a weak effect size.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}