Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.41
Fathia A. Mosa, A. Whiting
An (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol which is a solid compound which can be stored at rt, upon dissolving into a suitable solvent undergoes facile autoxidation (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol 1 in air at room temperature. The result is complete decompose leading to a mixture of products, including benzaldehyde (24%) and cinnamaldehyde (29%). Possible mechanistic explanations for the autoxidation are discussed.
{"title":"A Facile Autoxidation of an Allylic Alcohol in Air","authors":"Fathia A. Mosa, A. Whiting","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.41","url":null,"abstract":"An (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol which is a solid compound which can be stored at rt, upon dissolving into a suitable solvent undergoes facile autoxidation (4E,6E)-alkadienyl alcohol 1 in air at room temperature. The result is complete decompose leading to a mixture of products, including benzaldehyde (24%) and cinnamaldehyde (29%). Possible mechanistic explanations for the autoxidation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82849498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.1
J. Singh, Blessing Ashagwu
This study examines the triangular points in the elliptic restricted three-body problem when both primaries are sources of radiation as well as oblate spheroids with oblateness up to zonal harmonic J4. The positions of triangular points and their critical mass ratio are seen to be affected by the eccentricity, semi major axis, radiation and oblateness of both primaries up to zonal harmonic J4. We highlight the effects of the said parameters on the locations of the triangular points of 61 CYGNI and STRUVE 2398. The triangular points of these systems are found to be unstable.
{"title":"Effect on L4,5 in the ER3BP when Both Primaries are Radiating with Oblateness up to Zonal Harmonic J4","authors":"J. Singh, Blessing Ashagwu","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the triangular points in the elliptic restricted three-body problem when both primaries are sources of radiation as well as oblate spheroids with oblateness up to zonal harmonic J4. The positions of triangular points and their critical mass ratio are seen to be affected by the eccentricity, semi major axis, radiation and oblateness of both primaries up to zonal harmonic J4. We highlight the effects of the said parameters on the locations of the triangular points of 61 CYGNI and STRUVE 2398. The triangular points of these systems are found to be unstable.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83845313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.12
Sergey G. Fedosin
Within the framework of the theory of relativistic vector fields, the covariant expressions are presented for the equations of motion of the matter and the field. These expressions can be written either in terms of the field tensors, that is, the fields’ strengths and solenoidal vectors, or in terms the four-potentials, that is, the fields’ scalar and vector potentials. This state of things is due to the fact that the Lagrange function initially implied the complementarity of description in terms of the strengths and the field potentials. It is shown that the equation for the fields, obtained by taking the covariant derivative in the equation for the metric, has a deeper meaning than the ordinary equation of motion of the matter, found with the help of the principle of least action. In particular, the above-mentioned equation for the fields leads to the generalized Poynting theorem, and after integration over the volume it allows us to introduce for consideration the integral vector as a measure of the energy and the fields’ energy fluxes, associated with a system of particles and fields.
{"title":"Equations of Motion in the Theory of Relativistic Vector Fields","authors":"Sergey G. Fedosin","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.83.12","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the theory of relativistic vector fields, the covariant expressions are presented for the equations of motion of the matter and the field. These expressions can be written either in terms of the field tensors, that is, the fields’ strengths and solenoidal vectors, or in terms the four-potentials, that is, the fields’ scalar and vector potentials. This state of things is due to the fact that the Lagrange function initially implied the complementarity of description in terms of the strengths and the field potentials. It is shown that the equation for the fields, obtained by taking the covariant derivative in the equation for the metric, has a deeper meaning than the ordinary equation of motion of the matter, found with the help of the principle of least action. In particular, the above-mentioned equation for the fields leads to the generalized Poynting theorem, and after integration over the volume it allows us to introduce for consideration the integral vector as a measure of the energy and the fields’ energy fluxes, associated with a system of particles and fields.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86189227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.1
U. Maduranga, M. Edirisinghe, L. Gamage
The variation of the lightning activities over Sri Lanka and surrounded costal belt (5.750N-10.000N and 79.50E-89.000E) is studied using lightning flash data of Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) which was launched in November 1997 for NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The LIS data for the period of 1998 to 2014 are considered for this study. The spatial and temporal variation of lightning activities is investigated and respective results are presented. The diurnal variation over the studied area presents that maximum and minimum flash count recorded at 1530-1630 Local Time (10-11UTC) and 0530-0630LT (00-01UTC) respectively. Maximum lightning activities over the observed area have occurred after the 1330LT (08UTC) in every year during the considered time period. The seasonal variation of the lightning activities shows that the maximum lightning activities happened in First inter monsoon season (March to April) with 30.90% total lightning flashes and minimum lightning activities recorded in Northeast monsoon season (December to February) with 8.51% of total lightning flashes. Maximum flash density of 14.37fl km-2year-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.160E in First inter monsoon season. These seasonal lighting activities are agree with seasonal convective activities and temperature variation base on propagation of Intra-Tropical Convection Zone over the studied particular area. Mean monthly flash count presents a maximum in the month of April with 29.12% of lightning flashes. Variation pattern of number of lightning activities in month of April shows a tiny increment during the time period of 1998 to 2014. Maximum annual flash density of 28.09fl km-2yr-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.170E. The latitudinal variation of the lightning flash density is depicted that extreme lightning activities have happened at the southern part of the county and results show that there is a noticeable lack of lightning activities over the surrounded costal belt relatively landmass.
利用美国国家航空航天局(NASA)热带雨量测量任务(TRMM)于1997年11月发射的闪电成像传感器(LIS)的闪电数据，研究了斯里兰卡及其周边沿海地带(5.750N-10.000N和79.50E-89.000E)的闪电活动变化。本研究考虑的是1998年至2014年期间的LIS数据。研究了雷电活动的时空变化规律，并给出了相应的结果。研究区闪数的日变化特征表明，闪数最大值和最小值分别出现在当地时间1530-1630 (10-11UTC)和0530-0630LT (00-01UTC)。在所考虑的时间段内，观测区域的最大闪电活动发生在每年1330LT (08UTC)之后。闪电活动的季节变化表明，第一季候风季(3 ~ 4月)的闪电活动最多，占总闪电的30.90%;东北季候风季(12 ~ 2月)的闪电活动最少，占总闪电的8.51%。第一季季风间期在6.98 n /80.160E观测到最大闪蒸密度为14.37fl km-2 -1。这些季节性光照活动与基于热带内对流带传播的季节性对流活动和温度变化一致。月平均闪电数在4月份最大，为29.12%。1998 - 2014年4月闪电活动次数的变化格局呈现出微弱的增加趋势。在6.98 n /80.170E，年闪蒸密度最大，为28.09fl km-2 year -1。闪电密度的纬向变化表明，县域南部发生了极端闪电活动，而周边沿海带相对陆块的闪电活动明显缺乏。
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variability of Lightning Flash Distribution over Sri Lanka","authors":"U. Maduranga, M. Edirisinghe, L. Gamage","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.1","url":null,"abstract":"The variation of the lightning activities over Sri Lanka and surrounded costal belt (5.750N-10.000N and 79.50E-89.000E) is studied using lightning flash data of Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) which was launched in November 1997 for NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The LIS data for the period of 1998 to 2014 are considered for this study. The spatial and temporal variation of lightning activities is investigated and respective results are presented. The diurnal variation over the studied area presents that maximum and minimum flash count recorded at 1530-1630 Local Time (10-11UTC) and 0530-0630LT (00-01UTC) respectively. Maximum lightning activities over the observed area have occurred after the 1330LT (08UTC) in every year during the considered time period. The seasonal variation of the lightning activities shows that the maximum lightning activities happened in First inter monsoon season (March to April) with 30.90% total lightning flashes and minimum lightning activities recorded in Northeast monsoon season (December to February) with 8.51% of total lightning flashes. Maximum flash density of 14.37fl km-2year-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.160E in First inter monsoon season. These seasonal lighting activities are agree with seasonal convective activities and temperature variation base on propagation of Intra-Tropical Convection Zone over the studied particular area. Mean monthly flash count presents a maximum in the month of April with 29.12% of lightning flashes. Variation pattern of number of lightning activities in month of April shows a tiny increment during the time period of 1998 to 2014. Maximum annual flash density of 28.09fl km-2yr-1 was observed at 6.980N/80.170E. The latitudinal variation of the lightning flash density is depicted that extreme lightning activities have happened at the southern part of the county and results show that there is a noticeable lack of lightning activities over the surrounded costal belt relatively landmass.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89359171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.14
A. Mishra, H. Mohapatra, B. S. Butola
Protection against ultraviolet radiation is one of the areas, in which considerable attention is being paid. Application of a wash durable finish on cotton fabric to protect the wearer from these radiations remains a challenge. The harmful effects of UV radiations result in the form of eye disorders, accelerated ageing of skin, DNA damage and cause of cancer. The current study focuses upon the use of TiO2 on cotton fabric to impart UV protection. TiO2 is deposited on cotton fabric using its pre-cursor. Sol-gel method has been used to convert pre-cursor into titanium oxide directly on fabric surface. The deposition was further stabilized on fabric surface by various heat treatments such as curing, hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. It has been found that the TiO2 remains wash durable with a reasonably high degree of UV protection after hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. EDX and ICP-MS techniques were used to examine the add-on % of TiO2 on cotton fabrics. The morphology of the TiO2 coated cotton fabric was studied using Field emission scanning electron microscopy. The measurement of UV protection property of the fabric has been carried out using UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-2000F, Labsphere, USA).
{"title":"Imparting Protection against UV Radiations Using In Situ Coating of Titanium Dioxide on Textiles","authors":"A. Mishra, H. Mohapatra, B. S. Butola","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.14","url":null,"abstract":"Protection against ultraviolet radiation is one of the areas, in which considerable attention is being paid. Application of a wash durable finish on cotton fabric to protect the wearer from these radiations remains a challenge. The harmful effects of UV radiations result in the form of eye disorders, accelerated ageing of skin, DNA damage and cause of cancer. The current study focuses upon the use of TiO2 on cotton fabric to impart UV protection. TiO2 is deposited on cotton fabric using its pre-cursor. Sol-gel method has been used to convert pre-cursor into titanium oxide directly on fabric surface. The deposition was further stabilized on fabric surface by various heat treatments such as curing, hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. It has been found that the TiO2 remains wash durable with a reasonably high degree of UV protection after hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments. EDX and ICP-MS techniques were used to examine the add-on % of TiO2 on cotton fabrics. The morphology of the TiO2 coated cotton fabric was studied using Field emission scanning electron microscopy. The measurement of UV protection property of the fabric has been carried out using UV-visible spectrophotometer (UV-2000F, Labsphere, USA).","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79783921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.21
Pubudu G. Wijesinghe, K. Gamalath
Motivated by recent experimental progress, we study the quantum transport properties of two-dimensional electron gases under high perpendicular magnetic fields. We use a simple tight-binding model to model the system and open-source software to simulate quantum electronic transport properties such as band structure variations and conductance-flux relationships in such systems. Dependence of quantum transport properties on two-dimensional square, triangular and kagome lattice shapes were studied adding a Gaussian noise to account for the impurities. Numerical simulations are presented to predict the emergence of physical effects related to quantum Hall effect, such as the existence of Landau levels and edge states. The kagome lattice exhibits a different band structure giving rise to a flat band, due to its trihexagonal geometry. The peak conductance value increases with decreasing lattice constant due to higher transmission probability. The transport properties vary significantly with lattice geometries, both with the lattice type and the lattice constant.
{"title":"Quantum Transport Properties of Two-Dimensional Quantum Lattices under Synthetic Magnetic","authors":"Pubudu G. Wijesinghe, K. Gamalath","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.82.21","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by recent experimental progress, we study the quantum transport properties of two-dimensional electron gases under high perpendicular magnetic fields. We use a simple tight-binding model to model the system and open-source software to simulate quantum electronic transport properties such as band structure variations and conductance-flux relationships in such systems. Dependence of quantum transport properties on two-dimensional square, triangular and kagome lattice shapes were studied adding a Gaussian noise to account for the impurities. Numerical simulations are presented to predict the emergence of physical effects related to quantum Hall effect, such as the existence of Landau levels and edge states. The kagome lattice exhibits a different band structure giving rise to a flat band, due to its trihexagonal geometry. The peak conductance value increases with decreasing lattice constant due to higher transmission probability. The transport properties vary significantly with lattice geometries, both with the lattice type and the lattice constant.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87858437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.11
A. Kadhim, M. H. Alzubaidy, A. Abd
This study includes the effect of the etching time on the morphology of the surfaces produced using the electrochemical method of silicon ( p-type), where it was found that the etching leads to increase the porosity layer of silicon. The production of nanocrystalline structures and control of their production conditions is the first step to control the properties of the devices. These are very important applications for the etching of renewable energy.
{"title":"Morphological and Structural Properties of Porous Silicon (PSi)","authors":"A. Kadhim, M. H. Alzubaidy, A. Abd","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study includes the effect of the etching time on the morphology of the surfaces produced using the electrochemical method of silicon ( p-type), where it was found that the etching leads to increase the porosity layer of silicon. The production of nanocrystalline structures and control of their production conditions is the first step to control the properties of the devices. These are very important applications for the etching of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86185115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.27
S. Shapovalov, V. Ponomariov
Interactions of sulforhodamine B or ethyl eosin (as the anionic dye) with cetylpyridinium bromide (as a cationic surfactant) have been investigated by visible spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The object of research is the association between an anion of dye and of cationic surfactant in aqueous solutions and its features. Computer simulation of these interactions was carried out with the use of AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods. A new spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of critical micelle concentration of cationic surfactants.
{"title":"Interaction of Dyes with Cationic Surfactants in Solutions: Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration","authors":"S. Shapovalov, V. Ponomariov","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.27","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions of sulforhodamine B or ethyl eosin (as the anionic dye) with cetylpyridinium bromide (as a cationic surfactant) have been investigated by visible spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The object of research is the association between an anion of dye and of cationic surfactant in aqueous solutions and its features. Computer simulation of these interactions was carried out with the use of AM1 and PM3 semi-empirical methods. A new spectrophotometric method was developed for determination of critical micelle concentration of cationic surfactants.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74838230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.18
M. Chijioke-Okere, N. J. Okorocha, Basil N. Anukam, Emeka Emanuel Oguzie
The potential of Calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide as effective Photocatatlyst for the degradation of malachite green dye, MG from aqueous medium using UV light has been identified. The photocatalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope, SEM and x-ray diffraction, XRD. The SEM investigations of the calcinated ZnO revealed highly dispersed nanomaterials and the particles were of nanometer size in agreement with the XRD result. The uncalcinated zinc oxide, ZnO revealed some pronounced nanoparticles. The degradation of MG by the photocatalyst was found to be influenced by adsorbent loading and irradiating time. The optimum degradation was obtained at 0.5g catalyst loading of both calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide which is 98.48% and 96.31 % respectively at 150 minutes. The degradation kinetics conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The present study showed that calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide ZnO can be effectively used as efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions and effluents.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of a Basic Dye Using Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst","authors":"M. Chijioke-Okere, N. J. Okorocha, Basil N. Anukam, Emeka Emanuel Oguzie","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.18","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of Calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide as effective Photocatatlyst for the degradation of malachite green dye, MG from aqueous medium using UV light has been identified. The photocatalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope, SEM and x-ray diffraction, XRD. The SEM investigations of the calcinated ZnO revealed highly dispersed nanomaterials and the particles were of nanometer size in agreement with the XRD result. The uncalcinated zinc oxide, ZnO revealed some pronounced nanoparticles. The degradation of MG by the photocatalyst was found to be influenced by adsorbent loading and irradiating time. The optimum degradation was obtained at 0.5g catalyst loading of both calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide which is 98.48% and 96.31 % respectively at 150 minutes. The degradation kinetics conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The present study showed that calcinated and uncalcinated zinc oxide ZnO can be effectively used as efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of Malachite green dyes from aqueous solutions and effluents.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79803818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.1
Christie O. Ize-Iyamua, I. H. Ifijen, O. K. Ize-Iyamu, J. Ukpebor, E. Ukpebor
Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer extracted from prawn heads was used in the treatment of crump rubber processing effluent for safe disposal into the environment. The triplicate analyses of the effluent samples obtained by composite sampling method indicated high levels of pollution which violated the permissible limits of environmental discharge standards; with a low DO of 0.63mg/L, BOD, 312.00±1.32mg/L and COD, 1069.58±2.42mg/L (mean±SD) respectively. Chitosan was analyzed according to standard procedures; it showed good coagulative potentials from the elemental analysis and a degree of deacetylation of 76.5%. The crump rubber processing effluent was treated with chitosan and Iron (III) Chloride respectively by coagulation and flocculation method and the results obtained via the physico-chemical characterization of the treated effluent showed that the use of chitosan as a coagulant compared favourably with Iron (III) Chloride after treatment. DO levels increased from 0.63mg/L to 3.90 mg/L. There were also remarkable reduction in the Turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the treated samples by over 80% respectively and 70% reduction in the nutrient levels. The efficacy of chitosan in comparison with Iron (III) Chloride suggests that it can be used as a replacement for synthetic coagulants based on its availability and environmental friendliness.
{"title":"Rubber Processing Effluent Treatment with Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer in Comparison with a Synthetic Coagulant","authors":"Christie O. Ize-Iyamua, I. H. Ifijen, O. K. Ize-Iyamu, J. Ukpebor, E. Ukpebor","doi":"10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18052/WWW.SCIPRESS.COM/ILCPA.81.1","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer extracted from prawn heads was used in the treatment of crump rubber processing effluent for safe disposal into the environment. The triplicate analyses of the effluent samples obtained by composite sampling method indicated high levels of pollution which violated the permissible limits of environmental discharge standards; with a low DO of 0.63mg/L, BOD, 312.00±1.32mg/L and COD, 1069.58±2.42mg/L (mean±SD) respectively. Chitosan was analyzed according to standard procedures; it showed good coagulative potentials from the elemental analysis and a degree of deacetylation of 76.5%. The crump rubber processing effluent was treated with chitosan and Iron (III) Chloride respectively by coagulation and flocculation method and the results obtained via the physico-chemical characterization of the treated effluent showed that the use of chitosan as a coagulant compared favourably with Iron (III) Chloride after treatment. DO levels increased from 0.63mg/L to 3.90 mg/L. There were also remarkable reduction in the Turbidity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of the treated samples by over 80% respectively and 70% reduction in the nutrient levels. The efficacy of chitosan in comparison with Iron (III) Chloride suggests that it can be used as a replacement for synthetic coagulants based on its availability and environmental friendliness.","PeriodicalId":14453,"journal":{"name":"International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72762004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：