Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012015
Simon Rubinstein, Emlyn Witt, Kaleem Ullah
Property markets are volatile, necessitating the constant recalculation of property values for a variety of reasons including for the efficient design and construction of buildings. This research is aimed at the automation of the property valuation process using Artificial Intelligence. In a three-part research effort, a Multiple Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) approach using Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is first applied to predict the property value of new residential units on the basis of a comprehensive list of building characteristic variables identified as relevant for describing a particular property type (in the test case, terraced houses). For initial testing and validation of the valuation prediction calculations, the weights and values of criteria are determined through experts’ opinions and the estimated value of a test property is derived. This first part of the research is described in this report. The second phase of the research involves the automatic acquisition of the variables’ values for any building from the recently digitalised Estonian Building Register. The third part of the research focuses on replacing the need for experts’ opinions of the relative importance weightings of variables through the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which is to be trained on existing and continuously refined on new property transaction price data and property characteristics from building permit applications and existing building registers. Parts two and three of this research are still to be carried out and they are outlined in this research paper. It is anticipated that this research will lead to greater efficiency and sustainability through better alignment between building design, construction and market-based property values.
{"title":"Towards an artificial intelligence model for the automated prediction of building value","authors":"Simon Rubinstein, Emlyn Witt, Kaleem Ullah","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012015","url":null,"abstract":"Property markets are volatile, necessitating the constant recalculation of property values for a variety of reasons including for the efficient design and construction of buildings. This research is aimed at the automation of the property valuation process using Artificial Intelligence. In a three-part research effort, a Multiple Criteria Decision Method (MCDM) approach using Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) is first applied to predict the property value of new residential units on the basis of a comprehensive list of building characteristic variables identified as relevant for describing a particular property type (in the test case, terraced houses). For initial testing and validation of the valuation prediction calculations, the weights and values of criteria are determined through experts’ opinions and the estimated value of a test property is derived. This first part of the research is described in this report. The second phase of the research involves the automatic acquisition of the variables’ values for any building from the recently digitalised Estonian Building Register. The third part of the research focuses on replacing the need for experts’ opinions of the relative importance weightings of variables through the use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model which is to be trained on existing and continuously refined on new property transaction price data and property characteristics from building permit applications and existing building registers. Parts two and three of this research are still to be carried out and they are outlined in this research paper. It is anticipated that this research will lead to greater efficiency and sustainability through better alignment between building design, construction and market-based property values.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/011002
All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 93• Number of submissions sent for review: 92• Number of submissions accepted: 47• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 50.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 40• Contact person for queries:Name: Olav TorpEmail: olav.torp@ntnu.noAffiliation: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
{"title":"Peer Review Statement","authors":"","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/011002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/011002","url":null,"abstract":"All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• <bold>Type of peer review:</bold> Double Anonymous• <bold>Conference submission management system:</bold> Morressier• <bold>Number of submissions received:</bold> 93• <bold>Number of submissions sent for review:</bold> 92• <bold>Number of submissions accepted:</bold> 47• <bold>Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100):</bold> 50.5• <bold>Average number of reviews per paper:</bold> 2• <bold>Total number of reviewers involved:</bold> 40• <bold>Contact person for queries:</bold><bold>Name:</bold> Olav Torp<bold>Email:</bold> olav.torp@ntnu.no<bold>Affiliation:</bold> Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012029
Christian Bakke, Agnar Johansen
Megaprojects are highly complex undertakings that significantly impact the world. Flyvbjerg states megaprojects require significant resources: “Over Budget, Over Time, Over and Over Again.” Megaprojects impact society decades after they are delivered, and a higher success rate is crucial, especially in light of sustainability. The number of megaprojects is increasing, the complexity of the projects is unique, and ownership is becoming increasingly complex. This research discusses how megaprojects are defined according to existing literature. What do we consider a megaproject? Furthermore, which attributes (complexity, stakeholder management, project ownership, and so on) can be used as an Early Signal to identify which delivery model is needed? With a premise that a megaproject needs to be handled differently than a conventional project. This paper is based on a literature review examining the definition of megaproject. The literature review shows that megaprojects are typically defined as a delivery model to deliver large-scale, complex, and one-off capital investments in the public and private sectors. Or a project system greater than 0.01% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). Our results show that there are no common definitions of what a megaproject is in the literature. Our research shows that a higher focus on complexity, technology, novelty, duration, stakeholder management, project governance, and political ramifications is more critical in defining a megaproject than the project’s capital cost or size (tonn, m2, or length).
{"title":"Which attributes define a megaproject?","authors":"Christian Bakke, Agnar Johansen","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012029","url":null,"abstract":"Megaprojects are highly complex undertakings that significantly impact the world. Flyvbjerg states megaprojects require significant resources: “Over Budget, Over Time, Over and Over Again.” Megaprojects impact society decades after they are delivered, and a higher success rate is crucial, especially in light of sustainability. The number of megaprojects is increasing, the complexity of the projects is unique, and ownership is becoming increasingly complex. This research discusses how megaprojects are defined according to existing literature. What do we consider a megaproject? Furthermore, which attributes (complexity, stakeholder management, project ownership, and so on) can be used as an Early Signal to identify which delivery model is needed? With a premise that a megaproject needs to be handled differently than a conventional project. This paper is based on a literature review examining the definition of megaproject. The literature review shows that megaprojects are typically defined as a delivery model to deliver large-scale, complex, and one-off capital investments in the public and private sectors. Or a project system greater than 0.01% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). Our results show that there are no common definitions of what a megaproject is in the literature. Our research shows that a higher focus on complexity, technology, novelty, duration, stakeholder management, project governance, and political ramifications is more critical in defining a megaproject than the project’s capital cost or size (tonn, m2, or length).","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012020
A Marsov, N O E Olsson
Opportunity management offers the possibility of increasing the chances of achieving the project objectives. In construction projects, some opportunities may be associated with quality improvement, whereas others may lead to time and cost savings. Opportunities leading to savings may be beneficial for one contracting party and disadvantageous for other project stakeholders. An unbalanced distribution of benefits from opportunities, sometimes coupled with negative effects, can arise from opportunistic behaviours. Much is known about opportunism in the context of project management. Although the link between opportunism in projects and opportunity management is evident, extant literature does not explicitly bridge these two aspects of project management practice. This paper is conceptual, and its purpose is to broaden the view on opportunity management in construction projects by emphasising that the implementation of some opportunities may be associated with opportunism. This paper summarises realistic examples of certain opportunities arising from opportunism. These examples show that some opportunities favouring one party can trigger negative effects that compromise the needs of various project stakeholders such as clients, end users, and project owners of current and future expansion projects. The perspective on opportunity management from the lens of opportunism helps clients recognise possible hidden agendas of contractors striving to optimise design solutions and ease project execution. Understanding the opportunistic nature of certain opportunities proposed by internal project team members can prevent clients from exploiting such opportunities. Since it is impossible to eradicate opportunism in construction projects, clients need to be prepared to deal with opportunism before it becomes a matter of concern. Thus, the early involvement of knowledgeable project members capable of flagging the presence of antecedents of opportunism is beneficial for clients.
{"title":"Opportunism in the management of opportunities: client’s perspective","authors":"A Marsov, N O E Olsson","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012020","url":null,"abstract":"Opportunity management offers the possibility of increasing the chances of achieving the project objectives. In construction projects, some opportunities may be associated with quality improvement, whereas others may lead to time and cost savings. Opportunities leading to savings may be beneficial for one contracting party and disadvantageous for other project stakeholders. An unbalanced distribution of benefits from opportunities, sometimes coupled with negative effects, can arise from opportunistic behaviours. Much is known about opportunism in the context of project management. Although the link between opportunism in projects and opportunity management is evident, extant literature does not explicitly bridge these two aspects of project management practice. This paper is conceptual, and its purpose is to broaden the view on opportunity management in construction projects by emphasising that the implementation of some opportunities may be associated with opportunism. This paper summarises realistic examples of certain opportunities arising from opportunism. These examples show that some opportunities favouring one party can trigger negative effects that compromise the needs of various project stakeholders such as clients, end users, and project owners of current and future expansion projects. The perspective on opportunity management from the lens of opportunism helps clients recognise possible hidden agendas of contractors striving to optimise design solutions and ease project execution. Understanding the opportunistic nature of certain opportunities proposed by internal project team members can prevent clients from exploiting such opportunities. Since it is impossible to eradicate opportunism in construction projects, clients need to be prepared to deal with opportunism before it becomes a matter of concern. Thus, the early involvement of knowledgeable project members capable of flagging the presence of antecedents of opportunism is beneficial for clients.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012017
L. Jørsfeldt, A. Klitgaard, A. Selman, R. Jeppesen
Industry 5.0 has recently gained attention in scientific and industrial circles, as the European Union urges industries to look at the human-centric approach in the era of rapid acceleration of technology adoption under the umbrella of the Industry 4.0 concept. The existing studies on Industry 5.0 in the construction sector focus mainly on health and safety issues, waste management, construction materials production, and measurement of environmental features. However, research on how the manufacturing settings and the required change of skills of manufacturing workers have changed in off-site production is scarce. Hence, this investigation aims to investigate contemporary manufacturing settings in the off-site construction industry and how the transition towards a cyber-physical system might affect the skill set of a manufacturing worker. The data was collected through observations. Data were captured as images of production processes, supported by field notes and unstructured interviews. The analysis of the data collected during two visits to off-site construction industry factories in Denmark shows that off-site production operates primarily using traditional tools from on-site production, namely by hand. Only a limited number of processes have been automated or supported by new technology. Furthermore, it was found that the present focus on the production method on the shopfloor means the shopfloor workforce must have traditional skills and use traditional tools to complete tasks such as setting up concrete casts or cutting timber. We argue furthermore that further research is required, and uncovering the barriers to new technology implementation and new job design in the off-site construction industry is recommended. Once revealed, this knowledge will allow us to propose multiple solutions to shift towards Industry 4.0 and 5.0. This shift will mean that the construction industry can experience and harvest the advantages of new technologies.
{"title":"Towards Industry 5.0 Skills - Off-site Construction Settings in Denmark","authors":"L. Jørsfeldt, A. Klitgaard, A. Selman, R. Jeppesen","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012017","url":null,"abstract":"Industry 5.0 has recently gained attention in scientific and industrial circles, as the European Union urges industries to look at the human-centric approach in the era of rapid acceleration of technology adoption under the umbrella of the Industry 4.0 concept. The existing studies on Industry 5.0 in the construction sector focus mainly on health and safety issues, waste management, construction materials production, and measurement of environmental features. However, research on how the manufacturing settings and the required change of skills of manufacturing workers have changed in off-site production is scarce. Hence, this investigation aims to investigate contemporary manufacturing settings in the off-site construction industry and how the transition towards a cyber-physical system might affect the skill set of a manufacturing worker. The data was collected through observations. Data were captured as images of production processes, supported by field notes and unstructured interviews. The analysis of the data collected during two visits to off-site construction industry factories in Denmark shows that off-site production operates primarily using traditional tools from on-site production, namely by hand. Only a limited number of processes have been automated or supported by new technology. Furthermore, it was found that the present focus on the production method on the shopfloor means the shopfloor workforce must have traditional skills and use traditional tools to complete tasks such as setting up concrete casts or cutting timber. We argue furthermore that further research is required, and uncovering the barriers to new technology implementation and new job design in the off-site construction industry is recommended. Once revealed, this knowledge will allow us to propose multiple solutions to shift towards Industry 4.0 and 5.0. This shift will mean that the construction industry can experience and harvest the advantages of new technologies.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018
Ola Lædre, Parinaz Farid, Atle Engebø
Since 2000, the Norwegian Ministry of Finance has implemented a state project model for large public investment projects, primarily consisting of two stages: Quality Assurance 1 (QA1) and Quality Assurance 2 (QA2). In QA1, consultants review the conceptual appraisal, including the contract strategy; in QA2, they assess the steering base. This study examines how contract strategies are addressed in the early phases of major projects under this state model, analyzing procurement approaches, contract structures, and compensation formats. The database we used contains data from 313 projects of which 229 projects had a QA2 report at the time of the study. The findings suggest that although contract structures and compensation formats are frequently discussed, procurement approaches are less scrutinized. Analysis of QA reports indicates a recurring deficiency in the depth of discussions regarding project-specific influences on contract strategy, which results in overly generic recommendations. The study underscores the need for more tailored discussions on contract strategy and the potential benefits of project-specific market surveys to enhance these strategies.
{"title":"Contract strategy discussions in the front-end of major public investment projects in Norway","authors":"Ola Lædre, Parinaz Farid, Atle Engebø","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012018","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2000, the Norwegian Ministry of Finance has implemented a state project model for large public investment projects, primarily consisting of two stages: Quality Assurance 1 (QA1) and Quality Assurance 2 (QA2). In QA1, consultants review the conceptual appraisal, including the contract strategy; in QA2, they assess the steering base. This study examines how contract strategies are addressed in the early phases of major projects under this state model, analyzing procurement approaches, contract structures, and compensation formats. The database we used contains data from 313 projects of which 229 projects had a QA2 report at the time of the study. The findings suggest that although contract structures and compensation formats are frequently discussed, procurement approaches are less scrutinized. Analysis of QA reports indicates a recurring deficiency in the depth of discussions regarding project-specific influences on contract strategy, which results in overly generic recommendations. The study underscores the need for more tailored discussions on contract strategy and the potential benefits of project-specific market surveys to enhance these strategies.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024
I V Kovalev, D I Kovalev, V A Podoplelova, D V Borovinsky
The article provides an overview of the current results of using multi-rotor UAVs when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture. It is noted that, as part of improving the technology for using UAVs, it is necessary to continue work on optimizing and testing the parameters of UAV transport and technological cycles together with a reasonable choice of special reagents and their combinations to improve the spraying effect and increase the level of use of pesticides. This will directly affect the improvement of the quality and efficiency of precision farming systems. The analysis presented in the work is based on testing the parameters of the transport and technological cycle of a multi-rotor UAV of the P-20 type, which was used to spray pesticides on cotton fields to combat aphids and spider mites on cotton at the flowering and boll setting stages. The results are considered that make it possible to analyze and compare the laws of uniform and penetrating deposition and drift of droplets in cotton canopies at different UAV flight altitudes. It has been shown that spraying small volumes of agrochemicals using UAVs at low altitudes differs from operations performed using modern manned aircraft or boom sprayers. The flight altitude of the UAV has a significant impact on the deposition and drift of droplets. The results of studies related to elucidating the effect of defoliant adsorption on cotton leaves are also noted. The adsorption of acetamiprid and spirodiclofen was studied. Methods for statistical processing of the obtained experimental data are presented, in particular, to test the significance of the influence of flight altitude on the experimental results.
{"title":"Analysis of test results of the P-20 multi-rotor UAV when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture","authors":"I V Kovalev, D I Kovalev, V A Podoplelova, D V Borovinsky","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1390/1/012024","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an overview of the current results of using multi-rotor UAVs when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture. It is noted that, as part of improving the technology for using UAVs, it is necessary to continue work on optimizing and testing the parameters of UAV transport and technological cycles together with a reasonable choice of special reagents and their combinations to improve the spraying effect and increase the level of use of pesticides. This will directly affect the improvement of the quality and efficiency of precision farming systems. The analysis presented in the work is based on testing the parameters of the transport and technological cycle of a multi-rotor UAV of the P-20 type, which was used to spray pesticides on cotton fields to combat aphids and spider mites on cotton at the flowering and boll setting stages. The results are considered that make it possible to analyze and compare the laws of uniform and penetrating deposition and drift of droplets in cotton canopies at different UAV flight altitudes. It has been shown that spraying small volumes of agrochemicals using UAVs at low altitudes differs from operations performed using modern manned aircraft or boom sprayers. The flight altitude of the UAV has a significant impact on the deposition and drift of droplets. The results of studies related to elucidating the effect of defoliant adsorption on cotton leaves are also noted. The adsorption of acetamiprid and spirodiclofen was studied. Methods for statistical processing of the obtained experimental data are presented, in particular, to test the significance of the influence of flight altitude on the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033
Terttu Vainio, Eero Nippala
Light Rail transport within the city has become an interesting form of public transport in many cities in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. According to the experience of the reference cities, light rail or tramway is primarily an urban development project, not only a public transport project. This case study focuses on the indirect impacts of a tramway project. Do they really happen or is their valuation just a means to achieve political will. The city of Tampere is one of a few growing cities in Finland. The growth of the city caused congestion in the city centre, where the bus lines either ended or whose pendulum lines passed. Project planning for the Tampere tramway started in the early 2000s, construction began in 2017, traffic on the first lines started in 2021. In the tramway, the decisions are based on future expectations. In our research, we assess how well these expectations have been realised in the Tampere tramway project by means of a literature survey and statistical comparisons. The developments to be considered are the direct and indirect investments in the construction of the tramway, the demographic changes, and the housing markets. The evaluation material consists of official regional statistics. According to evaluation, the land use of Tampere has become more efficient than expected in the area affected by the tramway. Not only on empty plots, but also old low commercial buildings have been replaced by high new residential buildings. The tramway has supported urban development by attracting investors to build on previously for abandoned plots. The main street of Tampere is dedicated to the tram, a limited number of buses and light traffic, so congestion has been reduced.
{"title":"The Impacts of the Tampere Tramway Project","authors":"Terttu Vainio, Eero Nippala","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012033","url":null,"abstract":"Light Rail transport within the city has become an interesting form of public transport in many cities in Europe as well as in other parts of the world. According to the experience of the reference cities, light rail or tramway is primarily an urban development project, not only a public transport project. This case study focuses on the indirect impacts of a tramway project. Do they really happen or is their valuation just a means to achieve political will. The city of Tampere is one of a few growing cities in Finland. The growth of the city caused congestion in the city centre, where the bus lines either ended or whose pendulum lines passed. Project planning for the Tampere tramway started in the early 2000s, construction began in 2017, traffic on the first lines started in 2021. In the tramway, the decisions are based on future expectations. In our research, we assess how well these expectations have been realised in the Tampere tramway project by means of a literature survey and statistical comparisons. The developments to be considered are the direct and indirect investments in the construction of the tramway, the demographic changes, and the housing markets. The evaluation material consists of official regional statistics. According to evaluation, the land use of Tampere has become more efficient than expected in the area affected by the tramway. Not only on empty plots, but also old low commercial buildings have been replaced by high new residential buildings. The tramway has supported urban development by attracting investors to build on previously for abandoned plots. The main street of Tampere is dedicated to the tram, a limited number of buses and light traffic, so congestion has been reduced.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012036
Håkon Amdal, Frode Drevland
This paper examines the role of continuous improvement in the Norwegian construction industry, focusing on the strategies, methods, and challenges faced by the country’s largest contractors. The study uses a qualitative survey methodology, including semi-structured interviews with key personnel. The findings show that all surveyed contractors engage in continuous improvement, with strategies stemming from self-developed business systems, training for skill development, and a culture of improvement. However, there are significant gaps between strategic intentions and practical implementation, influenced by cultural, organizational, and resource-related factors. The paper concludes that a more integrated and systematic approach to continuous improvement is needed to effectively address the industry’s enduring challenges.
{"title":"Lean Construction Principles in Practice: Continuous Improvement in the Norwegian Construction Industry","authors":"Håkon Amdal, Frode Drevland","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1389/1/012036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of continuous improvement in the Norwegian construction industry, focusing on the strategies, methods, and challenges faced by the country’s largest contractors. The study uses a qualitative survey methodology, including semi-structured interviews with key personnel. The findings show that all surveyed contractors engage in continuous improvement, with strategies stemming from self-developed business systems, training for skill development, and a culture of improvement. However, there are significant gaps between strategic intentions and practical implementation, influenced by cultural, organizational, and resource-related factors. The paper concludes that a more integrated and systematic approach to continuous improvement is needed to effectively address the industry’s enduring challenges.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142200560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1380/1/012005
Anelia I. Tzanova, Kiril A. Koparanov, Elena V. Antonova, Daniela V. Minkovska, Svetlin Antonov and Bozhidar I. Stefanov
The production of biogas from organic and carbon-neutral sources through biomethanization is essential for achieving the goals of the circular economy and reducing carbon emissions. Crucial for the optimal efficiency of anaerobic biofermentation processes is the influence of organic substrate and the application of methanogenesis enhancement additives. This study explores the possibilities of using a substrate of citrus biomass (waste peelings) for methane production from dairy cattle manure, as well as the influence of an addition of puffball mushroom (Lycoperdon perlatum) spores on the process. Experimental data obtained over a period of 31 days were mathematically modelled using a Verhulst logistic growth model to forecast their future development. The results indicate an inhibitory effect of citrus biomass on methanogenesis processes with a 20% lower yield, but a positive effect of Lycoperdon perlatum spores with nearly double the amount of biogas produced and higher methane content.
{"title":"Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Biofermentation of Dairy Cattle Manure: Influence of Addition of Citrus Peel Waste and Lycoperdon Perlatum Spores","authors":"Anelia I. Tzanova, Kiril A. Koparanov, Elena V. Antonova, Daniela V. Minkovska, Svetlin Antonov and Bozhidar I. Stefanov","doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1380/1/012005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1380/1/012005","url":null,"abstract":"The production of biogas from organic and carbon-neutral sources through biomethanization is essential for achieving the goals of the circular economy and reducing carbon emissions. Crucial for the optimal efficiency of anaerobic biofermentation processes is the influence of organic substrate and the application of methanogenesis enhancement additives. This study explores the possibilities of using a substrate of citrus biomass (waste peelings) for methane production from dairy cattle manure, as well as the influence of an addition of puffball mushroom (Lycoperdon perlatum) spores on the process. Experimental data obtained over a period of 31 days were mathematically modelled using a Verhulst logistic growth model to forecast their future development. The results indicate an inhibitory effect of citrus biomass on methanogenesis processes with a 20% lower yield, but a positive effect of Lycoperdon perlatum spores with nearly double the amount of biogas produced and higher methane content.","PeriodicalId":14556,"journal":{"name":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：