Electrochromic devices have found widespread use in automotive, aerospace, and architectural implementations. This talk will detail our recent research of liquid crystalline compositions in which the selective reflection can be tuned, broadened, and switched. This distinctive electro-optic control is enabled by polymer stabilization of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase. Enabled by recent advancements in the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers, we also detail the thermal and electrical adjustment of reflection in fully solid optical elements.
{"title":"Dynamic optical filters via mechanical reconfiguration of liquid crystalline materials","authors":"T. White","doi":"10.1117/12.2595064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2595064","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochromic devices have found widespread use in automotive, aerospace, and architectural implementations. This talk will detail our recent research of liquid crystalline compositions in which the selective reflection can be tuned, broadened, and switched. This distinctive electro-optic control is enabled by polymer stabilization of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase. Enabled by recent advancements in the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers, we also detail the thermal and electrical adjustment of reflection in fully solid optical elements.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116207325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lee, T. Bunning, T. White, M. McConney, N. Godman
{"title":"Tunable reflective colors in holographically patterned liquid crystal gels","authors":"K. Lee, T. Bunning, T. White, M. McConney, N. Godman","doi":"10.1117/12.2593997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121516757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of buildings account for about 15% of the global energy consumption, but about 20% of this building-related energy is lost because of inefficient windows. Greenhouse emissions associated with producing and using this energy contribute substantially to climate change. Is there a solution to this challenging problem? Starting from the physical principles associated with energy loss through windows, I will describe our development of visibly transparent, infrared-reflecting, thermally super-insulating materials that may replace or retrofit the inefficient windowpanes of residential and commercial buildings. I will discuss how production of such unusual transparent porous materials is enabled by mesoscale templating of orderly porous structures using lyotropic surfactant-based liquid crystals. I will discuss how these metamaterials can boos energy efficiency of windows and buildings in general.
{"title":"Smart windows with nanoporous structures templated by liquid crystals","authors":"I. Smalyukh","doi":"10.1117/12.2596218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596218","url":null,"abstract":"Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of buildings account for about 15% of the global energy consumption, but about 20% of this building-related energy is lost because of inefficient windows. Greenhouse emissions associated with producing and using this energy contribute substantially to climate change. Is there a solution to this challenging problem? Starting from the physical principles associated with energy loss through windows, I will describe our development of visibly transparent, infrared-reflecting, thermally super-insulating materials that may replace or retrofit the inefficient windowpanes of residential and commercial buildings. I will discuss how production of such unusual transparent porous materials is enabled by mesoscale templating of orderly porous structures using lyotropic surfactant-based liquid crystals. I will discuss how these metamaterials can boos energy efficiency of windows and buildings in general.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122030429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hicks, K. Lee, M. McConney, N. Tabiryan, T. Bunning
This presentation reveals the re-writability property of azobenzene liquid crystal photoalignment. Stable in thermal fluctuations, one can change existing photoalignment by exposing it to polarized light in the visible regime. One can use this unique property by patterning photoalignment through the liquid crystal bulk in that the sample’s front and back have differing director orientations. Photoalignment using linear polarized light as well as complex polarizations will be covered. No surface alignment on sample substrates is necessary because the azobenzene is mixed with the liquid crystal in-situ in sample preparation.
{"title":"Rewriting bulk photoalignment of nematic liquid crystals in a two-step exposure system","authors":"S. Hicks, K. Lee, M. McConney, N. Tabiryan, T. Bunning","doi":"10.1117/12.2594786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594786","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation reveals the re-writability property of azobenzene liquid crystal photoalignment. Stable in thermal fluctuations, one can change existing photoalignment by exposing it to polarized light in the visible regime. One can use this unique property by patterning photoalignment through the liquid crystal bulk in that the sample’s front and back have differing director orientations. Photoalignment using linear polarized light as well as complex polarizations will be covered. No surface alignment on sample substrates is necessary because the azobenzene is mixed with the liquid crystal in-situ in sample preparation.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130094677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tabiryan, B. Kimball, D. Steeves, M. McConney, T. Bunning
It has been just over 20 years from the first disclosure of a thin and transparent film that would allow controlling propagation of light, an unpolarized and broadband light, with 100% efficiency. First it was an idea seemingly at odds with conventional optics. Then came demonstrations of the thinnest planar optics - “prisms”, lenses, beam shapers, arrays and vortices, switchable or not, - in sizes currently 8” and larger. Novel film architectures extended spectral and angular bandwidths of planar optics to unprecedented scales, changing the ways optics is made and opening avenues to long cherished dreams of adaptation, tunability, multifunctionality, and cost. History is in the making and will be presented first hand with an outline of the marvels in functionality and capabilities waiting for optics behind the horizon.
{"title":"Evolution of the fourth generation optics","authors":"N. Tabiryan, B. Kimball, D. Steeves, M. McConney, T. Bunning","doi":"10.1117/12.2596138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596138","url":null,"abstract":"It has been just over 20 years from the first disclosure of a thin and transparent film that would allow controlling propagation of light, an unpolarized and broadband light, with 100% efficiency. First it was an idea seemingly at odds with conventional optics. Then came demonstrations of the thinnest planar optics - “prisms”, lenses, beam shapers, arrays and vortices, switchable or not, - in sizes currently 8” and larger. Novel film architectures extended spectral and angular bandwidths of planar optics to unprecedented scales, changing the ways optics is made and opening avenues to long cherished dreams of adaptation, tunability, multifunctionality, and cost. History is in the making and will be presented first hand with an outline of the marvels in functionality and capabilities waiting for optics behind the horizon.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134326855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under an applied electric field, BPLC lattice undergoes with complex reconfiguration dynamics and exhibit meta-stability and new crystal symmetries. Detailed theoretical considerations and experimental results with such Repetitively Applied Field (RAF)Technique for transforming BPLC crystalline lattice structures from cubic to final stable configuration with orthorhombic or tetragonal symmetry will be presented.
{"title":"Field-induced lattice transformation of blue-phase liquid crystals","authors":"I. Khoo, Chun-Wei Chen, Tsung-Hsien Lin","doi":"10.1117/12.2596117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596117","url":null,"abstract":"Under an applied electric field, BPLC lattice undergoes with complex reconfiguration dynamics and exhibit meta-stability and new crystal symmetries. Detailed theoretical considerations and experimental results with such Repetitively Applied Field (RAF)Technique for transforming BPLC crystalline lattice structures from cubic to final stable configuration with orthorhombic or tetragonal symmetry will be presented.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133459908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a dual-mode smart window is proposed based on a liquid crystal cell characterized by its intrinsic response to solar-thermal radiation (passive control) and applied AC voltage (active control). The cell is made of a chiral nematic confined between two conducting glass substrates and the selective reflection is designed to occur in the near-infrared region. With the temperature-dependent electrohydrodynamic effect that generates varying extent of dynamic scattering, the AC voltage-regulated temperature-vs.-transmittance relation holds great promise for the adaption of the demonstrated device for human inhabitants living in various climate zones.
{"title":"Electrically controllable and thermally responsive liquid-crystal smart window","authors":"Guan-Fu Sung, Wei Lee, Po-Chang Wu","doi":"10.1117/12.2603328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603328","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a dual-mode smart window is proposed based on a liquid crystal cell characterized by its intrinsic response to solar-thermal radiation (passive control) and applied AC voltage (active control). The cell is made of a chiral nematic confined between two conducting glass substrates and the selective reflection is designed to occur in the near-infrared region. With the temperature-dependent electrohydrodynamic effect that generates varying extent of dynamic scattering, the AC voltage-regulated temperature-vs.-transmittance relation holds great promise for the adaption of the demonstrated device for human inhabitants living in various climate zones.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Paniagua‐Domínguez, P. Moitra, D. Eschimèse, R. M. Veetil, Xuewu Xu, A. Baranikov, Xinan Liang, T. Maß, S. Mansha, A. Kuznetsov
Nanostructured surfaces with engineered electromagnetic response, so called metasurfaces, are a very active topic of research in the nanophotonics community, stemming from their ability to manipulate the light wavefront at will with unparalleled resolution. Currently, one of the main limitations of this kind of devices is their static character, i.e., the fact that their functionality (e.g. focusing light, steering light, etc.) becomes fixed upon fabrication. To circumvent this issue, significant efforts are being made to achieve dynamic control of these devices by different means, one of the most promising being interfacing them with liquid crystals. In this talk, we will present our recent results in this direction, towards achieving dynamic control over each individual nanoantenna of the metasurface, as to realize the next generation of Spatial Light Modulators with sub-wavelength resolution, with broad applications in areas such as near-eye and holographic displays or LIDAR.
{"title":"Tunable nanoantennas with liquid crystals: dynamic wavefront control with sub-wavelength resolution","authors":"R. Paniagua‐Domínguez, P. Moitra, D. Eschimèse, R. M. Veetil, Xuewu Xu, A. Baranikov, Xinan Liang, T. Maß, S. Mansha, A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1117/12.2594419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594419","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured surfaces with engineered electromagnetic response, so called metasurfaces, are a very active topic of research in the nanophotonics community, stemming from their ability to manipulate the light wavefront at will with unparalleled resolution. Currently, one of the main limitations of this kind of devices is their static character, i.e., the fact that their functionality (e.g. focusing light, steering light, etc.) becomes fixed upon fabrication. To circumvent this issue, significant efforts are being made to achieve dynamic control of these devices by different means, one of the most promising being interfacing them with liquid crystals. \u0000 \u0000In this talk, we will present our recent results in this direction, towards achieving dynamic control over each individual nanoantenna of the metasurface, as to realize the next generation of Spatial Light Modulators with sub-wavelength resolution, with broad applications in areas such as near-eye and holographic displays or LIDAR.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122683935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial beam shaping can be achieved using wavefront modulators to increase ultrafast laser processing efficiency. These modulators can display a pre-calculated phase mask on the beam path in order to shape the laser intensity distribution following a user defined target in the processing plane or volume. Due to the non-perfect optical response of wavefront modulators, the experimental distribution may differ from the target. We investigate the use of electrically addressed and optically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators with ultrafast laser pulses. Applications in parallelized surface and bulk processing are achieved with both modulators showing the advantages and drawbacks of these technologies. In particular, we focus on the limitations of these devices in terms of spatial and phase delay resolution, showing the consequences on the shaped beam distribution. Calculation strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed.
{"title":"Ultrafast laser processing with optimized wavefront modulation by liquid crystral based spatial light modulators","authors":"C. Mauclair","doi":"10.1117/12.2594477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594477","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial beam shaping can be achieved using wavefront modulators to increase ultrafast laser processing efficiency. These modulators can display a pre-calculated phase mask on the beam path in order to shape the laser intensity distribution following a user defined target in the processing plane or volume. Due to the non-perfect optical response of wavefront modulators, the experimental distribution may differ from the target. We investigate the use of electrically addressed and optically addressed liquid crystal spatial light modulators with ultrafast laser pulses. Applications in parallelized surface and bulk processing are achieved with both modulators showing the advantages and drawbacks of these technologies. In particular, we focus on the limitations of these devices in terms of spatial and phase delay resolution, showing the consequences on the shaped beam distribution. Calculation strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":145723,"journal":{"name":"Liquid Crystals XXV","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134121967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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