{"title":"Education in family planning in Indonesia.","authors":"I B Manuaba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"20 2","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22035402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concerns in the USA about IUDs -- IMAP's comments.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"20 2","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22035401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HTLV-3 infection and AIDS: risk of spread by heterosexual contact.","authors":"J Craske","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22006961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fertility and family planning in the Arab region.","authors":"S Farid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22006960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-01-01DOI: 10.1002/0471684228.egp03804
S. Randall
This discussion of ectopic pregnancy covers mortality, definition, etiology, diagnosis and management, and contraception. In the 1979-81 "Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales," ectopic pregnancy accounted for 11.4% of all maternal deaths. Avoidable factors were found in 64% of deaths from ectopic pregnancy, the most common being delay in diagnosis and operative intervention. Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of the conceptus outside the uterus or in an abnormal location within the uterus. Tubal gestation invariably has a multifactorial etiology and occurs owing to delay in the transport of the fertilized ovum. Table 1 lists causes. Salpingitis is the main cause of tubal pregnancy and now is considered to be due primarily to chlamydia. The consequences of tubal surgery, for whatever reason, and hormonal treatment also are major etiological factors. Every woman of reproductive age, especially if she has 1 or more etiological factors in her past history, who presents with a history of a missed period and irregular vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain, must be considered to have an ectopic pregnancy until proved otherwise. Diagnosis still is essentially a clinical one. In difficult cases use should be made of radioimmunoassay of beta hCG, ultrasonic scanning, and laparoscopy. In 25% of cases, a correct diagnosis was made only at laparotomy. Culdocentesis and endometrial biopsy are of limited use. In cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancy with circulatory collapse, immediate operative intervention is essential. In regard to contraception, the combined oral contraceptive (OC), in suppressing ovulation and thickening the cervical mucus, has a protective effect. Method failure does not increase the incidence of extrauterline pregnancy above normal. The progestagen-only pill is associated with a small increase in the risk of an initial and recurrent ectopic pregnancy. It does not suppress ovulation and may affect tubal motility, but it can be considered if the combined OC is contraindicated, as it is more advisable than an IUD if ectopic pregnancy is feared. Barrier methods will not affect the incidence of ectopic pregnancy and may protect against pelvic infection. It is still being debated whether the absolute incidence of ectopic pregnancy in IUD users is increased. A woman has a 0.3-5% risk of having a 1st ectopic pregnancy and a 15% chance of having a recurrence when given postcoital contraception. As with barrier methods, there is no effect on the incidence of extrauterine pregnancy with periodic abstinence, but in the case of periodic abstinence there is no protective effect against pelvic infection. Female sterilization does not protect against ectopic pregnancy. Of all failed sterilizations, 12% result in an ectopic pregnancy.
{"title":"Ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"S. Randall","doi":"10.1002/0471684228.egp03804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/0471684228.egp03804","url":null,"abstract":"This discussion of ectopic pregnancy covers mortality, definition, etiology, diagnosis and management, and contraception. In the 1979-81 \"Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales,\" ectopic pregnancy accounted for 11.4% of all maternal deaths. Avoidable factors were found in 64% of deaths from ectopic pregnancy, the most common being delay in diagnosis and operative intervention. Ectopic pregnancy is the implantation of the conceptus outside the uterus or in an abnormal location within the uterus. Tubal gestation invariably has a multifactorial etiology and occurs owing to delay in the transport of the fertilized ovum. Table 1 lists causes. Salpingitis is the main cause of tubal pregnancy and now is considered to be due primarily to chlamydia. The consequences of tubal surgery, for whatever reason, and hormonal treatment also are major etiological factors. Every woman of reproductive age, especially if she has 1 or more etiological factors in her past history, who presents with a history of a missed period and irregular vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain, must be considered to have an ectopic pregnancy until proved otherwise. Diagnosis still is essentially a clinical one. In difficult cases use should be made of radioimmunoassay of beta hCG, ultrasonic scanning, and laparoscopy. In 25% of cases, a correct diagnosis was made only at laparotomy. Culdocentesis and endometrial biopsy are of limited use. In cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancy with circulatory collapse, immediate operative intervention is essential. In regard to contraception, the combined oral contraceptive (OC), in suppressing ovulation and thickening the cervical mucus, has a protective effect. Method failure does not increase the incidence of extrauterline pregnancy above normal. The progestagen-only pill is associated with a small increase in the risk of an initial and recurrent ectopic pregnancy. It does not suppress ovulation and may affect tubal motility, but it can be considered if the combined OC is contraindicated, as it is more advisable than an IUD if ectopic pregnancy is feared. Barrier methods will not affect the incidence of ectopic pregnancy and may protect against pelvic infection. It is still being debated whether the absolute incidence of ectopic pregnancy in IUD users is increased. A woman has a 0.3-5% risk of having a 1st ectopic pregnancy and a 15% chance of having a recurrence when given postcoital contraception. As with barrier methods, there is no effect on the incidence of extrauterine pregnancy with periodic abstinence, but in the case of periodic abstinence there is no protective effect against pelvic infection. Female sterilization does not protect against ectopic pregnancy. Of all failed sterilizations, 12% result in an ectopic pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84937779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At its recent meetings, the IPPF International Medical Advisory Panel formulated guidelines for sterilizing bulk packaged IUDs which are supplied by IPPF to many family planning associations. They may also be supplied in the family planning field by other organizations. These guidelines are set out below to help our readers. Any of the following solutions are acceptable for sterilizing IUDs: benzalkonium chloride (1:750); aqueous iodine solution (1:2500); isopropyl alcohol (75%). The iodine solution should be freshly prepared daily as follows: 25 ml of 2% tincture of iodine in 1 liter of water, or 7 ml of 7% tincture of iodine in 1 liter of water. The IUDs and inserters should be presterilized for 24 hours in the benzalkonium chloride solution or for 10 minutes in the aqueous iodine solution or the isopropyl alcohol solution. The IUD should not be left in the benzalkonium-chloride solution for more than 24 hours at a time as the plastic may become brittle. Metal instruments should be sterilized in an autoclave or by boiling, depending on the procedure routinely used in the clinic. Chlorhexidine gluconate (Savlon) should not be used. IUDs should be stored dry, not in a sterilizing solution. At present it is not recommended that IUDs be sterilized more than 3 times.
{"title":"Guidelines for IUD sterilization.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At its recent meetings, the IPPF International Medical Advisory Panel formulated guidelines for sterilizing bulk packaged IUDs which are supplied by IPPF to many family planning associations. They may also be supplied in the family planning field by other organizations. These guidelines are set out below to help our readers. Any of the following solutions are acceptable for sterilizing IUDs: benzalkonium chloride (1:750); aqueous iodine solution (1:2500); isopropyl alcohol (75%). The iodine solution should be freshly prepared daily as follows: 25 ml of 2% tincture of iodine in 1 liter of water, or 7 ml of 7% tincture of iodine in 1 liter of water. The IUDs and inserters should be presterilized for 24 hours in the benzalkonium chloride solution or for 10 minutes in the aqueous iodine solution or the isopropyl alcohol solution. The IUD should not be left in the benzalkonium-chloride solution for more than 24 hours at a time as the plastic may become brittle. Metal instruments should be sterilized in an autoclave or by boiling, depending on the procedure routinely used in the clinic. Chlorhexidine gluconate (Savlon) should not be used. IUDs should be stored dry, not in a sterilizing solution. At present it is not recommended that IUDs be sterilized more than 3 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"19 6","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22006093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oral contraceptives and cancer of the reproductive organs.","authors":"C Huezo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"19 6","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22005983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Norplant contraceptive implants: a new contraceptive for women.","authors":"C W Bardin, I Sivin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"19 5","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22035663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tenth Asian and Oceanic Congress of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14577,"journal":{"name":"Ippf Medical Bulletin","volume":"19 5","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22035662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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