Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355864
Doaa Youssef, Salah Hassab-Elnaby
Speckle pattern produced by biological tissue is a grainy and stochastic texture image that appeared to cover such a diffuse object when illuminated by laser radiation. While the speckle pattern has been treated as unwanted noise that distorts the measurement results in any imaging modality involved laser illumination, it holds important information concerning the observed diffuse object that can be extracted by texture analysis. In this study, texture characterization of the speckle pattern as an information carrier about the surface roughness of biological tissue was investigated through a completely blind image quality assessment. The proposed work was applied to ten bovine articular cartilage samples degenerated into different average roughness values, ranging from 0.09 μm to 2.51 μm. The obtained results provided a good relationship between the quantitative image quality assessment metric and the average surface roughness.
{"title":"Investigating speckle pattern produced by biological tissue via image quality assessment","authors":"Doaa Youssef, Salah Hassab-Elnaby","doi":"10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355864","url":null,"abstract":"Speckle pattern produced by biological tissue is a grainy and stochastic texture image that appeared to cover such a diffuse object when illuminated by laser radiation. While the speckle pattern has been treated as unwanted noise that distorts the measurement results in any imaging modality involved laser illumination, it holds important information concerning the observed diffuse object that can be extracted by texture analysis. In this study, texture characterization of the speckle pattern as an information carrier about the surface roughness of biological tissue was investigated through a completely blind image quality assessment. The proposed work was applied to ten bovine articular cartilage samples degenerated into different average roughness values, ranging from 0.09 μm to 2.51 μm. The obtained results provided a good relationship between the quantitative image quality assessment metric and the average surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115839196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355947
F. M. Abdel Hamied, K. Mahmoud, M. Hussein, S. Obayya
In this work, new design of hexagonal dipole nano-rectenna for solar energy harvesting is presented. The proposed design is composed of silver hexagonal nano-dipole antenna integrated with metal insulator metal (MIM) tunnel diode with single and double insulators. The proposed hexagonal nano-dipole antenna consists of two identical elements separated apart by air gap. The MIM tunnel diode is realized by overlapping the nano-antenna (NA) arms and sandwiching metal oxide layer in between to benefit from the high localized fields at the NA gap. The reported design performance in terms of the total radiation efficiency, directivity and total harvesting efficiency is studied. The numerical study of NA is carried out in the wavelength range 300–3000 nm, using the finite integral technique (FIT) method. The reported design has an average total radiation efficiency of 92.28% in the wavelength of range (300–3000) nm. The proposed NA with single insulator MIM diode, and double insulator, MIIM diode, give roughly the same results of maximum radiation efficiency of 98%, maximum directivity of 14 at the wavelength of 500 nm and total harvesting efficiency of 95.35%. These results are attributed to the sharp tips of hexagonal arms. Furthermore, MIIM diode offers zero bias voltage responsivity of 17.29 A/W and maximum responsivity of −170.9 A/W. This enhancement is due to the use of multi-insulators between the two metals.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Hexagonal Dipole Nano-Rectenna Based on MIIM Diode for Solar Energy Harvesting","authors":"F. M. Abdel Hamied, K. Mahmoud, M. Hussein, S. Obayya","doi":"10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355947","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, new design of hexagonal dipole nano-rectenna for solar energy harvesting is presented. The proposed design is composed of silver hexagonal nano-dipole antenna integrated with metal insulator metal (MIM) tunnel diode with single and double insulators. The proposed hexagonal nano-dipole antenna consists of two identical elements separated apart by air gap. The MIM tunnel diode is realized by overlapping the nano-antenna (NA) arms and sandwiching metal oxide layer in between to benefit from the high localized fields at the NA gap. The reported design performance in terms of the total radiation efficiency, directivity and total harvesting efficiency is studied. The numerical study of NA is carried out in the wavelength range 300–3000 nm, using the finite integral technique (FIT) method. The reported design has an average total radiation efficiency of 92.28% in the wavelength of range (300–3000) nm. The proposed NA with single insulator MIM diode, and double insulator, MIIM diode, give roughly the same results of maximum radiation efficiency of 98%, maximum directivity of 14 at the wavelength of 500 nm and total harvesting efficiency of 95.35%. These results are attributed to the sharp tips of hexagonal arms. Furthermore, MIIM diode offers zero bias voltage responsivity of 17.29 A/W and maximum responsivity of −170.9 A/W. This enhancement is due to the use of multi-insulators between the two metals.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131772861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355908
Heba Abdelmoneim Atia, A. Zekry, A. Shaker
For a long time researchers try to develop tools or systems that could help in detecting the motion of the moving body and tracking it. It had a big importance in many fields such as sport performance, medical, virtual reality and many more fields. This paper proves that a solar cell can be modified to function as a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD), which could be used as the detector in a motion detection system. We modeled and simulated one dimensionally modified solar cell by TCAD simulation tools to calculate the detected photocurrent as a function of the position of an incident laser beam sourced by the moving object. The position detection error of the modified solar cell simulation is less than ± 1%. This shows the possibility of converting a solar cell to a PSD.
{"title":"Solar Cell Modification for Large Area Motion Detection: Proof of Concept","authors":"Heba Abdelmoneim Atia, A. Zekry, A. Shaker","doi":"10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355908","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time researchers try to develop tools or systems that could help in detecting the motion of the moving body and tracking it. It had a big importance in many fields such as sport performance, medical, virtual reality and many more fields. This paper proves that a solar cell can be modified to function as a Position Sensitive Detector (PSD), which could be used as the detector in a motion detection system. We modeled and simulated one dimensionally modified solar cell by TCAD simulation tools to calculate the detected photocurrent as a function of the position of an incident laser beam sourced by the moving object. The position detection error of the modified solar cell simulation is less than ± 1%. This shows the possibility of converting a solar cell to a PSD.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123838317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355932
A. Hussein, Reham Tarek, Haytham Osama, Rana Fawzy, K. Elsayed, M. Taha
The Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) Mesh Networking Specifications enable the many-to-many topology over BLE. However, it adopts a managed flooding technique that may lead to network congestion, especially in large-scale networks. Herein, we devise and implement a routing solution based on the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to adapt to the network demands and dynamics, allowing messages to be routed directly towards the destination without flooding. Intermediate relays are selected using a combined metric that exploits the best combination of the number of intermediate hops and RSSI. With the addition of the route maintenance and route breakage detection functionality, efficient reliable bidirectional paths between network nodes can thus be achieved. The proposed routing solution provides efficient utilization of network resources by decreasing the amount of traffic, energy consumption, and packet loss for large-scale networks.
BLE (Bluetooth Low-Energy) Mesh Networking specification通过BLE实现多对多拓扑。然而，它采用了一种有管理的泛洪技术，可能导致网络拥塞，特别是在大型网络中。在此，我们设计并实现了一种基于Ad-hoc按需距离矢量(AODV)路由协议的路由解决方案，以适应网络的需求和动态，允许消息直接路由到目的地而不会泛滥。中间中继是使用综合度量来选择的，该度量利用中间跳数和RSSI的最佳组合。通过增加路由维护和路由破损检测功能，可以实现网络节点之间高效可靠的双向路径。提出的路由解决方案通过减少大规模网络的流量、能耗和丢包，有效地利用网络资源。
{"title":"An AODV-Based Routing Scheme for Large-Scale Bluetooth Low-Energy Mesh Networks","authors":"A. Hussein, Reham Tarek, Haytham Osama, Rana Fawzy, K. Elsayed, M. Taha","doi":"10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355932","url":null,"abstract":"The Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) Mesh Networking Specifications enable the many-to-many topology over BLE. However, it adopts a managed flooding technique that may lead to network congestion, especially in large-scale networks. Herein, we devise and implement a routing solution based on the Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to adapt to the network demands and dynamics, allowing messages to be routed directly towards the destination without flooding. Intermediate relays are selected using a combined metric that exploits the best combination of the number of intermediate hops and RSSI. With the addition of the route maintenance and route breakage detection functionality, efficient reliable bidirectional paths between network nodes can thus be achieved. The proposed routing solution provides efficient utilization of network resources by decreasing the amount of traffic, energy consumption, and packet loss for large-scale networks.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131852953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/JAC-ECC51597.2020.9355854
Farhad Mehdipour
The Internet of Things (IoT) is exponentially growth, however privacy and security vulnerabilities are major concerns against rapid adoption of this technology. Due to mainly its decentralized topology and the resource constraints of the majority of its devices, conventional security and privacy approaches are inapplicable for IoT. Interaction and communication between a large number of devices in a secure way is possible, but it can be expensive, time-consuming, and complex. Thus, there is a need for new security models rather than the current ones which are mostly centralized. This paper provides an overview of IoT architectural layers and components, security issues and challenges at different layers, some solutions, and future directions.
{"title":"A Review of IoT Security Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Farhad Mehdipour","doi":"10.1109/JAC-ECC51597.2020.9355854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JAC-ECC51597.2020.9355854","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is exponentially growth, however privacy and security vulnerabilities are major concerns against rapid adoption of this technology. Due to mainly its decentralized topology and the resource constraints of the majority of its devices, conventional security and privacy approaches are inapplicable for IoT. Interaction and communication between a large number of devices in a secure way is possible, but it can be expensive, time-consuming, and complex. Thus, there is a need for new security models rather than the current ones which are mostly centralized. This paper provides an overview of IoT architectural layers and components, security issues and challenges at different layers, some solutions, and future directions.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122949158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355935
M. Badawy, N. Ismail, Samir Alamrity
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a novel industrial imaging technique that can be applied to visualize runtime changes of impedance entire along a pipeline to implement measurements of the industrial continuous processes of flow velocity profile distribution. In this paper, we propose a full three-dimensional (3D) pipeline sensing strategy which considers the 3D nature of the EIT sensing field. The proposed strategy includes a new 3D sensing system and an implementation of the fast forward solver using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). Also, in this paper, the implementation of a one-step Gauss-Newton solver reconstruction inverse solution algorithm is introduced. An application of auto/cross-correlation function for the reconstructed centered images obtained by the EIT system for the box moves from the upstream sensing section to the downstream sensing section on the surface of the pipeline is also introduced. According to the correlation test results of our proposal, the best fit of the correlation coefficient to images was distinguished with a higher correlation coefficient between 0.8687 and 0.9995.
{"title":"Implementation of Industrial Process Measurements Using Safe Tomography Techniques","authors":"M. Badawy, N. Ismail, Samir Alamrity","doi":"10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jac-ecc51597.2020.9355935","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a novel industrial imaging technique that can be applied to visualize runtime changes of impedance entire along a pipeline to implement measurements of the industrial continuous processes of flow velocity profile distribution. In this paper, we propose a full three-dimensional (3D) pipeline sensing strategy which considers the 3D nature of the EIT sensing field. The proposed strategy includes a new 3D sensing system and an implementation of the fast forward solver using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). Also, in this paper, the implementation of a one-step Gauss-Newton solver reconstruction inverse solution algorithm is introduced. An application of auto/cross-correlation function for the reconstructed centered images obtained by the EIT system for the box moves from the upstream sensing section to the downstream sensing section on the surface of the pipeline is also introduced. According to the correlation test results of our proposal, the best fit of the correlation coefficient to images was distinguished with a higher correlation coefficient between 0.8687 and 0.9995.","PeriodicalId":146890,"journal":{"name":"2020 8th International Japan-Africa Conference on Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131558405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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