Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182028
J. Joonnekindt, A. Levannier
Summary In this study, we propose a forward DFN modeling workflow to produce realistic fracture networks in volcanic environments for subsequent geothermal resource assessment. The DFN modeling uses geological constraints to drive the fracture distribution and characteristics. The work is illustrated using a simple synthetic model, although similar approaches have been used in the case of real projects. The fracture model parameters are presented together with the modeling results for each fracture sets. In particular, the host formation is deformed by the intrusion emplacement and fractures representing the layers folding, the intrusion pressure mechanical effect and the thermal cooling effect. Additional fractures have been added in relation to the fault slipping and the fault damage zone.
{"title":"Discrete Fracture Network modeling workflow using geological constraints for deep geothermal in volcanic context","authors":"J. Joonnekindt, A. Levannier","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182028","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this study, we propose a forward DFN modeling workflow to produce realistic fracture networks in volcanic environments for subsequent geothermal resource assessment. The DFN modeling uses geological constraints to drive the fracture distribution and characteristics. The work is illustrated using a simple synthetic model, although similar approaches have been used in the case of real projects. The fracture model parameters are presented together with the modeling results for each fracture sets. In particular, the host formation is deformed by the intrusion emplacement and fractures representing the layers folding, the intrusion pressure mechanical effect and the thermal cooling effect. Additional fractures have been added in relation to the fault slipping and the fault damage zone.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114966244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182008
J. M. Romo-Jones, C. Arango-Galván, D. Ruiz-Aguilar, T. Avilés-Esquivel, J.L. Salas-Corrales
Summary The Los Humeros geothermal field and the Acoculco geothermal prospect in Mexico are identified as two key locations to advance the understanding of unconventional geothermal resources. In the Los Humeros geothermal field, temperatures higher than 400C have been found, being a suitable case study of a super-hot system. In Acoculco area, there are two exploratory holes with temperature of 300C at 2000m depth with practically null permeability. Hence, representing an interesting case to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Both areas were study subjects in the project “Mexico-Europe Cooperation to investigate improved geothermal systems and super-hot geothermal systems” (GEMex). We conduct magnetotelluric (MT) surveys in both areas to provide information on the electrical resistivity distribution at depth. We measured 123 MT sites in Los Humeros and 68 in Acoculco. The observation sites were distributed with a high spatial density to provide well-constrained resistivity models. The models clearly detect a conductive zone between 500 and 1000m deep associated with a clay zone of hydrothermal alteration. In Los Humeros the clay-cap overlies an intermediate resistivity zone probably related to the reservoir. At Acoculco, the resistivity increases rapidly beneath the clay-cap, in agreement with the presence of impermeable metamorphic rocks.
{"title":"3D Electrical Resistivity Distribution in Los Humeros and Acoculco Geothermal Zones, Mexico","authors":"J. M. Romo-Jones, C. Arango-Galván, D. Ruiz-Aguilar, T. Avilés-Esquivel, J.L. Salas-Corrales","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182008","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Los Humeros geothermal field and the Acoculco geothermal prospect in Mexico are identified as two key locations to advance the understanding of unconventional geothermal resources. In the Los Humeros geothermal field, temperatures higher than 400C have been found, being a suitable case study of a super-hot system. In Acoculco area, there are two exploratory holes with temperature of 300C at 2000m depth with practically null permeability. Hence, representing an interesting case to develop an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Both areas were study subjects in the project “Mexico-Europe Cooperation to investigate improved geothermal systems and super-hot geothermal systems” (GEMex). We conduct magnetotelluric (MT) surveys in both areas to provide information on the electrical resistivity distribution at depth. We measured 123 MT sites in Los Humeros and 68 in Acoculco. The observation sites were distributed with a high spatial density to provide well-constrained resistivity models. The models clearly detect a conductive zone between 500 and 1000m deep associated with a clay zone of hydrothermal alteration. In Los Humeros the clay-cap overlies an intermediate resistivity zone probably related to the reservoir. At Acoculco, the resistivity increases rapidly beneath the clay-cap, in agreement with the presence of impermeable metamorphic rocks.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114432938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182006
L. Gutiérrez-Negrín, A. Lopez-Hernandez
{"title":"MAIN OUTCOMES FOR MEXICO AT THE END OF THE GEMex PROJECT","authors":"L. Gutiérrez-Negrín, A. Lopez-Hernandez","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124543296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182029
R. M. Prol‐Ledesma, A. Rodríguez-Díaz, C. Gonzalez, I. González-Romo, M. Errasti, A. Membrillo-Abad
Summary The Baja California Peninsula is disconnected of the national grid and southern Baja California has the highest energy prices in Mexico. Economic development has triggered an increase in energy demand, nowadays more than 4 million people live there; therefore, electricity must be imported to supply energy requirements. The San Felipe area contains numerous hot springs and wells that can provide clean energy to the area. The exploration results indicate that a significant geothermal resource is present in the San Felipe area, where low resistivity anomalies and high temperature was determined using geothermometers.
{"title":"Geothermal Potential of the San Felipe Geothermal System, Baja California, México","authors":"R. M. Prol‐Ledesma, A. Rodríguez-Díaz, C. Gonzalez, I. González-Romo, M. Errasti, A. Membrillo-Abad","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182029","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Baja California Peninsula is disconnected of the national grid and southern Baja California has the highest energy prices in Mexico. Economic development has triggered an increase in energy demand, nowadays more than 4 million people live there; therefore, electricity must be imported to supply energy requirements. The San Felipe area contains numerous hot springs and wells that can provide clean energy to the area. The exploration results indicate that a significant geothermal resource is present in the San Felipe area, where low resistivity anomalies and high temperature was determined using geothermometers.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182018
E. T. Henriquez
Summary Fluid inclusions studies have been undertaken in Berlin geothermal field, El Salvador since 2001 as part of the training given by IAEA. From then on, interest in this field has been focused. With the proper training from well-known institutions like Italy and USA, Lageo acquired its fluid inclusion system in 2012. Several temperature measurements (Th and Tf) were done and in collaboration with CNR of Italy, a petrological model was constructed in Berlin geothermal field. The model correlates well with geochemistry and reservoir models, where the hottest temperature is located at the TR-4 and TR-5 zones. The outflow zone was also delimited by fluid inclusion studies.
{"title":"Petrological Model of Berlin Geothermal Field, El Salvador Based on Fluid Inclusion Studies","authors":"E. T. Henriquez","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182018","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Fluid inclusions studies have been undertaken in Berlin geothermal field, El Salvador since 2001 as part of the training given by IAEA. From then on, interest in this field has been focused. With the proper training from well-known institutions like Italy and USA, Lageo acquired its fluid inclusion system in 2012. Several temperature measurements (Th and Tf) were done and in collaboration with CNR of Italy, a petrological model was constructed in Berlin geothermal field. The model correlates well with geochemistry and reservoir models, where the hottest temperature is located at the TR-4 and TR-5 zones. The outflow zone was also delimited by fluid inclusion studies.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131129470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182025
J. Hernández
Summary The diffuse gas study was carried out in the southeast area of the Ahuachapan 2020 geothermal field to determine areas with the presence of a gaseous anomaly associated with structures or faults that suggest the existence of a geothermal reservoir; This geochemical technique has been considered a useful tool to identify permeable areas and active structures and that together with other studies can help to identify possible areas for deep exploration and exploitation Methodology.
{"title":"Diffuse Gases in Geochemical Exploration of the Southeast Zone, Ahuachapän Geothermal Field 2020","authors":"J. Hernández","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182025","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The diffuse gas study was carried out in the southeast area of the Ahuachapan 2020 geothermal field to determine areas with the presence of a gaseous anomaly associated with structures or faults that suggest the existence of a geothermal reservoir; This geochemical technique has been considered a useful tool to identify permeable areas and active structures and that together with other studies can help to identify possible areas for deep exploration and exploitation Methodology.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124829460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182005
C. Skinner, G. Wach
Summary Low carbon renewable energy is required to support the energy transition away from hydrocarbons while meeting rising global energy demands. Geothermal energy is a proven system, capable of electricity production and direct heat, with over 95% availability. Normally geothermal energy requires a high geothermal gradient, however technological advances are improving the opportunities for deployment in lower gradient regions. In sedimentary basins the geothermal gradient is normally lower, however the presence of large salt deposits can provide localized regions with an increased gradient due to the unique characteristics of salt. Salt is able to mobilize and flow under suitable conditions, and form structures; it also has a thermal conductivity two to four times higher than clastics and carbonates. Therefore, sediments above salt structures are expected to have a higher geothermal gradient - positive temperature anomalies. This research focusses on assessing the geothermal potential associated with positive temperature anomalies above salt structures in selected areas of the Scotian and Maritime basins.
{"title":"Geothermal Potential of Positive Temperature Anomalies above Salt Structures in Nova Scotia","authors":"C. Skinner, G. Wach","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182005","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Low carbon renewable energy is required to support the energy transition away from hydrocarbons while meeting rising global energy demands. Geothermal energy is a proven system, capable of electricity production and direct heat, with over 95% availability. Normally geothermal energy requires a high geothermal gradient, however technological advances are improving the opportunities for deployment in lower gradient regions. In sedimentary basins the geothermal gradient is normally lower, however the presence of large salt deposits can provide localized regions with an increased gradient due to the unique characteristics of salt. Salt is able to mobilize and flow under suitable conditions, and form structures; it also has a thermal conductivity two to four times higher than clastics and carbonates. Therefore, sediments above salt structures are expected to have a higher geothermal gradient - positive temperature anomalies. This research focusses on assessing the geothermal potential associated with positive temperature anomalies above salt structures in selected areas of the Scotian and Maritime basins.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"46 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129900148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182014
M. Villafán-Sierra, D. Blessent, J. López-Sánchez, C. Arrieta-González, M. González-Palacio
Summary Very low enthalpy geothermal energy is one of the least known NCRES in Colombia, but it has been widely used around the world in particular for space conditioning (heating and/or cooling) for domestic and industrial purposes, due to its great adaptability since all it needs is a GHP to directly exchange heat with subsoil and/or groundwater. This investigation evaluates the possibility of implementing a SWSHP system to cool at 3°C a preservation room for exportation flowers in La Virginia S.A.S located in La Ceja, at 41 km to the southeast of Medellin (Antioquia, Colombia). The temperature of two reservoirs belonging to the flower farm was monitored to analyze their potential as heat sinks for a SWSHP. The traditional and geothermal refrigeration systems were compared using empirical formulas based on the theoretical performance proposed by Carnot. It was found that the water temperature had a very little variation with respect to the ambient air temperature. The feasibility of using a surface water body as a heat sink of a SWSHP was evaluated. The coupling with other geothermal arrangements such as vertical and/or horizontal Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) and even combining aerothermal is suggested.
极低焓地热能是哥伦比亚最不为人所知的NCRES之一，但它已在世界各地广泛使用，特别是用于家庭和工业用途的空间调节(加热和/或冷却)，因为它具有很强的适应性，因为它所需要的只是一个与底土和/或地下水直接交换热量的GHP。本研究评估了在位于哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚市麦德林东南41公里处的La Ceja的La Virginia S.A.S，实施SWSHP系统将出口花卉保鲜室冷却至3°C的可能性。对花卉农场的两个水库的温度进行了监测，以分析它们作为SWSHP散热器的潜力。基于卡诺提出的理论性能，利用经验公式对传统制冷系统和地热制冷系统进行了比较。结果发现，水温相对于周围空气温度变化很小。对地表水作为SWSHP散热器的可行性进行了评价。建议与其他地热装置如垂直和/或水平地源热泵(GSHP)耦合，甚至结合空气热。
{"title":"Shallow Geothermal Energy Application’s Feasibility in Colombia. Case Study: SWSHP in Preservation Stage of Flowers’ Production","authors":"M. Villafán-Sierra, D. Blessent, J. López-Sánchez, C. Arrieta-González, M. González-Palacio","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182014","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Very low enthalpy geothermal energy is one of the least known NCRES in Colombia, but it has been widely used around the world in particular for space conditioning (heating and/or cooling) for domestic and industrial purposes, due to its great adaptability since all it needs is a GHP to directly exchange heat with subsoil and/or groundwater. This investigation evaluates the possibility of implementing a SWSHP system to cool at 3°C a preservation room for exportation flowers in La Virginia S.A.S located in La Ceja, at 41 km to the southeast of Medellin (Antioquia, Colombia). The temperature of two reservoirs belonging to the flower farm was monitored to analyze their potential as heat sinks for a SWSHP. The traditional and geothermal refrigeration systems were compared using empirical formulas based on the theoretical performance proposed by Carnot. It was found that the water temperature had a very little variation with respect to the ambient air temperature. The feasibility of using a surface water body as a heat sink of a SWSHP was evaluated. The coupling with other geothermal arrangements such as vertical and/or horizontal Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP) and even combining aerothermal is suggested.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182021
R. Acevedo
Summary TDEM is an electromagnetic technique applied during the exploration stage of geothermal fields and to keep monitor its evolution during the production and maintenance stage. Its fundamental base lays in the injection of electrical current through a transmitter square loop laid on the ground which induces a magnetic field that travels through the ground layers. Measurements of the resulting magnetic field are made in a receiving coil in the center of the loop since this is related to the resistivity of the ground rock layers. Due to its easy deployment, low electromagnetic noise susceptibility, and low-cost TDEM is used to monitor the shallow resistivity instead of other techniques. Since the prospection depths are not higher than 1000 m, TDEM is used to monitor the resistivity variations caused by the changes in the chemistry of the rock due to the interaction of geothermal fluid. This way, monitor a geothermal field becomes necessary to anticipate problems that could affect the supply of fluid from the reservoir or endanger the geothermal powerhouse, surrounding buildings, or houses inside the geothermal area as a result of the loss of the mechanical strength.
{"title":"Monitoring the Shallow Resistivity of a Geothermal Field","authors":"R. Acevedo","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182021","url":null,"abstract":"Summary TDEM is an electromagnetic technique applied during the exploration stage of geothermal fields and to keep monitor its evolution during the production and maintenance stage. Its fundamental base lays in the injection of electrical current through a transmitter square loop laid on the ground which induces a magnetic field that travels through the ground layers. Measurements of the resulting magnetic field are made in a receiving coil in the center of the loop since this is related to the resistivity of the ground rock layers. Due to its easy deployment, low electromagnetic noise susceptibility, and low-cost TDEM is used to monitor the shallow resistivity instead of other techniques. Since the prospection depths are not higher than 1000 m, TDEM is used to monitor the resistivity variations caused by the changes in the chemistry of the rock due to the interaction of geothermal fluid. This way, monitor a geothermal field becomes necessary to anticipate problems that could affect the supply of fluid from the reservoir or endanger the geothermal powerhouse, surrounding buildings, or houses inside the geothermal area as a result of the loss of the mechanical strength.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115281798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202182023
R. Renderos
Summary Berlin geothermal field has been under commercial operation since 1992, is a liquid dominated reservoir with temperature of 300°C. Stepwise development has allowed to reach 109.2 MWe indtalled capacity in a sustainable manner. New expansion plans have been discussed and are under assessment. Geophysical, chemical and well logging have permitted to understand main processes undergoing in the reservoir. A plan was elaborated in order to estabilize power production for future years.
{"title":"30 Years of Power Generation in Berlín Geothermal Field E1 Salvador: A Review of Field Development and Challenges Faced to Mantain Long-Term Production","authors":"R. Renderos","doi":"10.3997/2214-4609.202182023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202182023","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Berlin geothermal field has been under commercial operation since 1992, is a liquid dominated reservoir with temperature of 300°C. Stepwise development has allowed to reach 109.2 MWe indtalled capacity in a sustainable manner. New expansion plans have been discussed and are under assessment. Geophysical, chemical and well logging have permitted to understand main processes undergoing in the reservoir. A plan was elaborated in order to estabilize power production for future years.","PeriodicalId":147283,"journal":{"name":"First EAGE Workshop on Geothermal Energy in Latin America","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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