Japanese journal of pharmacology最新文献

英文中文

Psychogenic Stuttering Following a Gastric Bypass Operation: Case Report 胃旁路手术后心因性口吃1例报告

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.29046/JJP.020.1.002

D. Raphael, F. Schoenfeld

We evaluated a 44-year-old female with bipolar affective disorder who presented with a 4-month history of severe stuttering and vague neurologic complaints. She had lost 200 pounds after gastric bypass surgery two years before. A childhood sexualabuse victim, she admits that she “hid” in her weight for most of her life. Neurological evaluation of this patient was negative, and speech-pathology evaluation revealed highly atypical stuttering. Gastric bypass patients with a history of psychiatric disorders and childhood sexual abuse may be particularly vulnerable to somatoform disorders. It has been widely reported that psychological complications are prevalent among the morbidly obese, although this point has been controversial (1). Glinski et al. elucidated that 70% of patients evaluated for gastric bypass surgery meet criteria for an Axis I disorder in the past or present and 36% for Axis II disorder (2). In his study, he found that the lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders alone in this population was 56%, compared with the known lifetime prevalence of depressive disorders of about 17% in the general population. Glinski noted that gastric bypass surgical candidates tend to use denial as a defense mechanism for avoiding negative emotions. In keeping with this, overeating may serve as distraction from negative emotion in these individuals. Somatization is another tendency in this particular population. Some improvement of psychosocial functioning after surgical treatment of obesity has been reported (3). Van Gemert et al. recently investigated the longterm effects of surgically induced weight loss on the psychological functioning of morbidly obese patients. They found that preoperative subjects had elevated values on negativism, somatization, and shyness scales on personality profiles; postoperatively, all these values normalized except somatization. Thus, postoperative patients still were concerned about their health and still were inclined to react to psychological stress with physical complaints.

我们评估了一位44岁的女性双相情感障碍患者，她有4个月的严重口吃史和模糊的神经系统主诉。两年前，她做了胃分流手术，体重减轻了200磅。作为一名童年性虐待的受害者，她承认自己一生中的大部分时间都“隐藏”在自己的体重中。该患者的神经学评估为阴性，言语病理学评估显示高度非典型口吃。有精神疾病和儿童期性虐待史的胃旁路患者可能特别容易发生躯体形式疾病。虽然这一点一直存在争议(1)，但已有广泛报道称，病态肥胖患者普遍存在心理并发症(psychological并发症)。Glinski等人指出，接受胃分流术评估的患者中，70%过去或现在符合轴I障碍标准，36%符合轴II障碍标准(2)。在他的研究中，他发现，在这一人群中，仅抑郁症的终生患病率为56%。而在一般人群中，已知的抑郁症终生患病率约为17%。格林斯基指出，胃旁路手术的候选人倾向于使用否认作为避免负面情绪的防御机制。与此同时，暴饮暴食可能会分散这些人的负面情绪。躯体化是这一特定人群的另一种倾向。有报道称，手术治疗肥胖后，心理社会功能有所改善(3)。Van Gemert等人最近研究了手术减肥对病态肥胖患者心理功能的长期影响。他们发现术前受试者在人格特征上的消极、躯体化和害羞量表值升高;术后除躯体化外，其他指标均归一化。因此，术后患者仍然关心自己的健康，仍然倾向于以身体不适来应对心理压力。

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引用次数: 3

The Duty to Warn/Protect Doctrine and Its Application in Pennsylvania 警告/保护义务原则及其在宾夕法尼亚州的适用

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.29046/JJP.019.1.002

C. Watson

Despite the almost universal familiarity of mental health professionals with the Tarasoff case, many questions regarding its associated legal requirements often arise when evaluating potentially dangerous patients. The principles of the duty to warn/protect, while appearing nebulous at times, contain key concepts that the clinician must consider in the face of potential danger to third parties. This article reviews the landmark decision of the Tarasoff case and outlines its key concepts. In addition, given that state jurisdictions vary in treatment of Tarasoff-like cases, this article explores the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision, Emerich v. Philadelphia Center for Human Development, Inc.

尽管精神卫生专业人员对塔拉索夫案几乎是普遍熟悉，但在评估潜在危险患者时，往往会出现许多有关其相关法律要求的问题。警告/保护责任的原则，虽然有时看起来很模糊，但包含了临床医生在面对对第三方的潜在危险时必须考虑的关键概念。本文回顾了塔拉索夫案具有里程碑意义的判决，并概述了其关键概念。此外，鉴于各州司法管辖区在处理类似塔拉索夫的案件方面各不相同，本文探讨了宾夕法尼亚州最高法院的判决，即埃默里奇诉费城人类发展中心。

引用次数: 1

Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Review of Its Current Status 电休克疗法的现状综述

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.29046/JJP.019.1.001

T. Kenning, R. Mago, Steven F Huege, K. Certa, R. Pelchat

This article presents an overview of the current knowledge and practice of ECT. It provides a brief history of the development of ECT followed by a discussion of the accepted indications for ECT in psychiatric practice, including major depression, bipolar disorder (mania and depression), and schizophrenia. Moreover, a description of the technique of performing ECT is given. Also examined are the use of ECT in medically ill patients and the risks associated with ECT. In conclusion, with the aid of advances in anesthesia and the delivery of ECT, electroconvulsive therapy is a safe and effective treatment of mood and psychotic disorders that have been resistant to other treatment modalities.

本文概述了电痉挛疗法的最新知识和实践。它简要介绍了电痉挛疗法的发展历史，然后讨论了精神病学实践中公认的电痉挛疗法的适应症，包括重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍(躁狂症和抑郁症)和精神分裂症。此外，还介绍了电痉挛治疗的技术。研究还包括在疾病患者中使用电痉挛疗法以及与电痉挛疗法相关的风险。总之，随着麻醉技术和电痉挛疗法的进步，电痉挛疗法是一种安全有效的治疗情绪和精神障碍的方法，这些疾病对其他治疗方式都有抗药性。

引用次数: 2

Use of Clozapine in Women of Childbearing Age: A Literature Review and Recommendations 氯氮平在育龄妇女中的应用:文献综述和建议

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.29046/JJP.018.1.001

S. Friedman, Adit Yanjee

引用次数: 2

5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors, especially the 5-HT4 receptor, in guinea pig urinary bladder. 豚鼠膀胱中5-羟色胺受体，特别是5-HT4受体。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.89.349

Akira Yoshida, Yasuko S-Yamashita, Muneshige Kaibara, Kohtaro Taniyama, Nobuyuki Tanaka

The function of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, especially the 5-HT4 receptor, in the urinary bladder were examined in preparations isolated from the guinea pig by in vitro receptor autoradiography and determinations of mechanical activity and acetylcholine (ACh) release. Specific [125I]SB207710 binding sites were detected evenly throughout the urinary bladder. 5-HT (3 x 10(-8)-10(-4) M) caused contractions of strips of the urinary bladder, in a concentration dependent manner. Ketanserin antagonized the 5-HT-induced contractions, while granisetron and SB204070 antagonized the contractions induced by high concentrations of 5-HT. Atropine inhibited the contractions induced by high concentrations of 5-HT. Ketanserin prevented the 5-HT-induced contractions in the presence of atropine, but granisetron and SB204070 did not affect the contractions under such a condition. 5-HT enhanced the electrically-stimulated (5 Hz, 0.5 ms) outflow of [3H]acetylcholine from strips preloaded with [3H]choline, and the enhancement was antagonized by granisetron and SB204070. Thus, the contractile response to 5-HT was mediated by activations of 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. The 5-HT2 receptor may be a property of high affinity to 5-HT and located on the smooth muscle cells. The 5-HT4 as well as 5-HT3 receptor may be a property of low affinity to 5-HT and located on the cholinergic neurons.

采用体外受体放射自显影法、机械活性测定和乙酰胆碱释放测定等方法，研究了豚鼠膀胱5-羟色胺(5-羟色胺，5-HT)受体特别是5-HT4受体的功能。特异的[125I]SB207710结合位点均匀分布于整个膀胱。5-HT (3 × 10(-8)-10(-4) M)以浓度依赖的方式引起膀胱条的收缩。酮色林对5-HT诱导的收缩有拮抗作用，格拉司琼和SB204070对高浓度5-HT诱导的收缩有拮抗作用。阿托品抑制高浓度5-羟色胺引起的收缩。在阿托品存在的情况下，克坦色林可以阻止5- ht诱导的收缩，而格拉司琼和SB204070对这种情况下的收缩没有影响。5- ht可增强预载[3H]胆碱条的[3H]乙酰胆碱流出电刺激(5hz, 0.5 ms)，且可被granisetron和SB204070拮抗。因此，对5-HT的收缩反应是通过激活5-HT2、5-HT3和5-HT4受体介导的。5-HT2受体可能是位于平滑肌细胞上的对5-HT具有高亲和力的特性。5-HT4和5-HT3受体可能是5-HT低亲和力的特性，位于胆碱能神经元上。

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引用次数: 12

Endomorphin-induced motivational effect: differential mechanism of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2. 内啡肽诱导的动机效应:内啡肽-1和内啡肽-2的差异机制。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-07-01 DOI: 10.1254/JJP.89.224

M. Narita, S. Ozaki, Tsutomu Suzuki

The newly discovered endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOP-R) ligands endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and -2 (EM-2) exhibit the highest specificity and affinity for the MOP-R of any endogenous substance so far described in the mammalian nervous system. This review focuses on differential mechanism of the motivational effects induced by EM-1 and EM-2. In the [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay, either EM-1 or EM-2 causes a concentration-dependent G-protein activation in brain membrane of normal mice, whereas neither EM-1 nor EM-2 produces any activation of G-protein in membranes obtained from the MOP-R knockout mice. These results provide direct evidence at the molecular level that both EMs act on the MOP-R as the endogenous MOP-R agonists. Based on the conditioned place preference paradigm in mice, EM-1 given intracerebroventriculally produced a dose-related place preference. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with the MOP-R antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (FNA) but not the delta-opioid receptor (DOP-R) antagonist naltrindole and the kappa-opioid receptor (KOP-R) antagonist nor-bialtorphimine (BNI). Unlike EM-1, EM-2 exhibited a place aversion. The aversive effect was inhibited by not only beta-FNA but also nor-BNI. Place aversion produced by EM-2 was also attenuated by pretreatment with an antiserum against an endogenous KOP-R ligand dynorphin A(1-17). These findings indicate that EM-1 may produce its rewarding effect via MOP-Rs. Furthermore, the aversive effect induced by EM-2 may be associated with the stimulation of the EM-1-insensitive MOP-R subtype and necessarily activate an endogenous KOPergic system in the mouse brain.

新发现的内源性mu-阿片受体(MOP-R)配体内啡肽-1 (EM-1)和-2 (EM-2)在哺乳动物神经系统中对MOP-R表现出最高的特异性和亲和力。本文就EM-1和EM-2诱导动机效应的差异机制作一综述。在[35S]GTPgammaS结合实验中，EM-1或EM-2在正常小鼠的脑膜中引起浓度依赖性的g蛋白激活，而EM-1和EM-2在MOP-R敲除小鼠的脑膜中都没有产生任何g蛋白激活。这些结果在分子水平上提供了直接证据，证明这两种EMs都是内源性的mopp - r激动剂作用于mopr。基于小鼠的条件位置偏好范式，EM-1在脑室内产生了剂量相关的位置偏好。用mopp - r拮抗剂-富纳曲胺(FNA)预处理可以消除这种作用，但用δ -阿片受体(dopr)拮抗剂纳曲多和κ -阿片受体(KOP-R)拮抗剂-双阿尔托啡胺(BNI)预处理则不能消除这种作用。与EM-1不同，EM-2表现出地方厌恶。β - fna和非bni均能抑制其不良反应。EM-2产生的地方厌恶也可以通过内源性kopp - r配体dynorphin A的抗血清预处理而减弱(1-17)。这些发现表明，EM-1可能通过mop - r产生其奖励作用。此外，EM-2诱导的厌恶效应可能与em -1不敏感的MOP-R亚型的刺激有关，并必然激活小鼠大脑中的内源性koperic系统。

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引用次数: 12

An involvement of granulocyte medullasin in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in rats. 粒细胞髓质蛋白参与苯妥英诱导的大鼠牙龈过度生长。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-07-01 DOI: 10.1254/JJP.89.235

Y. Ozaki, K. Kunimatsu, Y. Hara, I. Kato, Y. Aoki, Kenji Yamamoto, Y. Kato

To investigate the relationship between histological changes and distributions of medullasin, a neutrophil elastase-like serine proteinase, in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth, we established a rat model of gingival overgrowth. Thirty-two, 20-day-old male Fischer 344 rats were fed a diet containing phenytoin and sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Control rats (n = 40) were fed the same diet, but without the drug and killed at the same weeks as experimental rats (n = 32) and 0 week (n = 8). The mandible specimens were resected and sectioned bucco-lingually between the first and second molars. A marked inflammatory-cell infiltration and elongated rete pegs were seen in the phenytoin-treated group. The extent of the overgrowth assessed by computer image analysis and the density of medullasin-positive cells by immunohistochemistry in the approximal gingiva showed a significant increase in the phenytoin-treated group compared to the control group. A marked infiltration of the positive cells in experimental rats was observed as early as 2 weeks when gingival overgrowth was not fully established. Medullasin-positive cells were mostly neutrophils and partly macrophage-like cells. These findings suggest that medullasin may be involved in mainly host defense and secondarily collagen metabolism in the phenytoin-induced rat model of gingival overgrowth.

为了探讨苯妥英诱导的牙龈过度生长中中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶髓质酶的组织学变化与分布的关系，我们建立了大鼠牙龈过度生长模型。32只20日龄雄性Fischer 344大鼠饲喂含苯妥英的饲料，并于1、2、4和8周处死。对照组大鼠(n = 40)饲喂与实验大鼠(n = 32)相同的饮食，但不给药，并在第0周(n = 8)处死。切除下颌骨标本，在第一和第二磨牙之间进行颊-舌切面。在苯妥英治疗组可见明显的炎症细胞浸润和延长的网状钉。通过计算机图像分析评估近龈过度生长的程度和免疫组织化学评估髓质蛋白阳性细胞密度，苯妥英治疗组与对照组相比显著增加。实验大鼠早在牙龈过度生长尚未完全建立的2周时就观察到阳性细胞的明显浸润。髓质蛋白阳性细胞以中性粒细胞为主，部分为巨噬细胞样细胞。这些结果提示，在苯妥英诱导的牙龈过度生长大鼠模型中，髓质酶可能主要参与宿主防御，其次参与胶原代谢。

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引用次数: 4

Effects of anions on ATP-induced [Ca2+], increase in NG108-15 cells. 阴离子对atp诱导的NG108-15细胞[Ca2+]增加的影响。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-07-01 DOI: 10.1254/JJP.89.302

T. Watano, I. Matsuoka, K. Ogawa, J. Kimura

We investigated the effects of anions on different P2 receptors by measuring ATP-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in fura-2-loaded NG108-15 and PC12 cells. In NG108-15 cells, ATP at 100 microM and 1 mM induced a transient and a sustained [Ca2+]i increase, respectively. The former, but not the latter, was inhibited by U-73122, indicating that the former was via the P2Y2 receptor and the latter via the P2X7 receptor. When external Cl- was replaced by other anions, the [Ca2+]i increase mediated by the P2Y2 receptor was not changed, but that mediated by the P2X7 receptor varied in the order of aspartate- > methanesulfonate > Cl- > Br > or = I-. In PC12 cells, transient [Ca2+]i increases mediated by the P2Y2 and P2X2 receptors were not affected by various anions. These results suggest that modulation by anions is unique to the P2X7 receptor and does not occur in P2Y2 and P2X2 receptors. This may be because the mechanism of ATP binding to the P2X7 receptor may be different than that to other P2 receptors.

我们通过测量atp诱导的fura-2负载的NG108-15和PC12细胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)的增加来研究阴离子对不同P2受体的影响。在NG108-15细胞中，100微米和1毫米ATP分别诱导瞬时和持续的[Ca2+]i升高。U-73122对前者有抑制作用，而对后者无抑制作用，说明前者是通过P2Y2受体，后者是通过P2X7受体。当外源Cl-被其他阴离子取代时，P2Y2受体介导的[Ca2+]i升高没有变化，而P2X7受体介导的[Ca2+]i升高的顺序为天冬氨酸- >甲磺酸- > Cl- > Br > or = i -。在PC12细胞中，P2Y2和P2X2受体介导的瞬时[Ca2+]i升高不受各种阴离子的影响。这些结果表明阴离子的调节是P2X7受体所特有的，而不发生在P2Y2和P2X2受体中。这可能是因为ATP与P2X7受体的结合机制可能不同于与其他P2受体的结合机制。

引用次数: 12

Inhibitory effects of metals on ATP-induced current through P2X7 receptor in NG108-15 cells. 金属对atp诱导电流通过NG108-15细胞P2X7受体的抑制作用。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-07-01 DOI: 10.1254/JJP.89.296

T. Watano, I. Matsuoka, J. Kimura

We investigated the effects of heavy metal ions on the ATP-induced nonselective cation current through P2X7 receptor (I(NS x P2X7)) in NG108-15 cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Cu2+ inhibited the I(NS x P2X7) most potently among the metal ions investigated. Other metals such as Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ also inhibited the I(NS x P2X7) in concentration-dependent manners. The order of potency was Cu2+ >> Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+ with IC50 values of 16 nM, 0.79 microM, 1.2 microM, 3.0 microM and 4.6 microM, respectively. Fe3+ (10 and 100 microM) and Mn2+ (10 microM) did not affect the INS P2X7. A high concentration of Mn2+ (100 microM) slightly inhibited the I(NS x P2X7). When the concentration-response curve of ATP was obtained in the presence of 3 and 10 nM Cu2+, the maximal response but not the EC50 value appeared to be reduced, suggesting that the inhibition is not competitive. These results suggest that under physiological and toxicological conditions, metal ions, such as Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Zn2+ and Co2+, may modulate P2X7 receptor channels as inhibitors.

采用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了重金属离子对NG108-15细胞中atp诱导的P2X7受体(I(NS x P2X7))非选择性阳离子电流的影响。在所研究的金属离子中，Cu2+对I(NS x P2X7)的抑制作用最强。其他金属如Ni2+， Cd2+， Zn2+和Co2+也以浓度依赖的方式抑制I(NS x P2X7)。效价顺序为Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Co2+， IC50值分别为16 nM、0.79微米、1.2微米、3.0微米和4.6微米。Fe3+(10和100微米)和Mn2+(10微米)对INS P2X7没有影响。高浓度Mn2+(100微米)对I(NS x P2X7)有轻微抑制作用。当3 nM和10 nM Cu2+存在时，ATP的浓度-响应曲线显示最大响应降低，但EC50值没有降低，表明抑制不是竞争性的。这些结果表明，在生理和毒理学条件下，Cu2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Zn2+和Co2+等金属离子可能作为抑制剂调节P2X7受体通道。

引用次数: 9

Differential mechanism of G-protein activation induced by endogenous mu-opioid peptides, endomorphin and beta-endorphin. 内源性mu-阿片肽、内啡肽和内啡肽诱导g蛋白活化的差异机制。

Japanese journal of pharmacology

Pub Date : 2002-07-01 DOI: 10.1254/JJP.89.229

H. Mizoguchi, L. Tseng, Tsutomu Suzuki, I. Sora, M. Narita

It is well documented that the mu-opioid receptor (MOP-R) is expressed by neurons in several central nervous system regions. Its occupancy with agonist drugs modulate a variety of physiological processes including pain, reward, stress, immune responses, neuroendocrine functions, and cardiovascular control. Based on the receptor binding assay, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 have the highest specificity and affinity for the MOP-R of any endogenous substance so far described in the mammalian nervous system. In contrast, beta-endorphin exhibits the strongest actions among endogenous opioid peptides mainly through the MOP-R; however, it also shows the distinct pharmacological actions. Recent cloning and expression studies have indicated that MOP-Rs are seven-transmembrane domain receptors whose actions are mediated through activation of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins). The activation of G-proteins by MOP-Rs can be measured by assessing agonist-induced stimulation of membrane binding of guanosine-5'-o-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS). The subject of the present review is to focus on the differential mechanism underlying G-protein activation induced by these mu-opioid peptides using the [35S]GTPgammaS binding assay.

文献表明，mu-阿片受体(MOP-R)在中枢神经系统的多个区域由神经元表达。它与激动剂药物一起调节各种生理过程，包括疼痛、奖赏、应激、免疫反应、神经内分泌功能和心血管控制。根据受体结合实验，内啡肽-1和内啡肽-2对哺乳动物神经系统中所有内源性物质的MOP-R具有最高的特异性和亲和力。相比之下，内源性阿片肽中β -内啡肽的作用最强，主要通过mopp - r;然而，它也显示出不同的药理作用。最近的克隆和表达研究表明，MOP-Rs是七种跨膜结构域受体，其作用是通过激活异三聚体鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(g蛋白)介导的。通过评估激动剂诱导的鸟苷-5′-o-(3-[35S]硫代)三磷酸([35S]GTPgammaS)膜结合的刺激，可以测量mopr对g蛋白的激活。本综述的主题是利用[35S]GTPgammaS结合试验，关注这些mu-阿片肽诱导g蛋白激活的差异机制。

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引用次数: 21

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