Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0007
T. Vickers
This chapter concludes the book, arguing that on the basis of the analysis presented here there seem to be two trajectories possible for Britain: remaining within capitalism, contributing to an increasingly fractioned working class, with living standards driven down for the majority and antagonistic relations around the migrant/native divide that are enforced with increasing violence, legally, physically and discursively; or, a radical break from capitalism, to find a social form that can move beyond the contradictions of capitalism and its attendant crises and divisions. Pursuing the second course might be supported by retrieving the concept of the general interest of the working class, arising from a position of exploitation that manifests in a multitude of forms.
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter concludes the book, arguing that on the basis of the analysis presented here there seem to be two trajectories possible for Britain: remaining within capitalism, contributing to an increasingly fractioned working class, with living standards driven down for the majority and antagonistic relations around the migrant/native divide that are enforced with increasing violence, legally, physically and discursively; or, a radical break from capitalism, to find a social form that can move beyond the contradictions of capitalism and its attendant crises and divisions. Pursuing the second course might be supported by retrieving the concept of the general interest of the working class, arising from a position of exploitation that manifests in a multitude of forms.","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127391399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0004
T. Vickers
This chapter connects the crisis of state welfare in Britain to the capitalist crisis. Changes to the character of British state welfare are considered, with particular attention to the growth of outsourcing and the presentation of austerity as an economic necessity. This is followed by an examination of policy, discourse and practice relating to three key fields of welfare that have been presented as sites of crisis in recent years: the National Health Service (NHS) and social care, housing, and the benefits system. The last section of the chapter explores the rearticulation of welfare crises as an attack on the working class, through a discussion of social movements and campaigns organising around demands for decent housing and against cuts to local state services. Competing discourses within these campaigns are discussed, for the insights they provide about alternative understandings of the nature and causes of welfare crises and their relation to migration and borders.
{"title":"4 Deconstructing Welfare Crises","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201819.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter connects the crisis of state welfare in Britain to the capitalist crisis. Changes to the character of British state welfare are considered, with particular attention to the growth of outsourcing and the presentation of austerity as an economic necessity. This is followed by an examination of policy, discourse and practice relating to three key fields of welfare that have been presented as sites of crisis in recent years: the National Health Service (NHS) and social care, housing, and the benefits system. The last section of the chapter explores the rearticulation of welfare crises as an attack on the working class, through a discussion of social movements and campaigns organising around demands for decent housing and against cuts to local state services. Competing discourses within these campaigns are discussed, for the insights they provide about alternative understandings of the nature and causes of welfare crises and their relation to migration and borders.","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127067185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appendix:","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122154588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter situates Britain within contemporary capitalism, to lay the foundation for the analysis of migration, welfare and precarity that follows. The chapter begins by arguing that the economic crisis has arisen from fundamental contradictions within capitalism and has far-reaching consequences for society. This is followed by three main sections: the first uses ‘imperialism’ to describe capitalism’s contemporary form, as a distinctive organisation of the global space of capital and labour; the second considers migration, focusing on the role of borders and racism in structuring human mobility within imperialism; the third discusses class, shaped by borders and racism within imperialist Britain.
{"title":"Imperialism, Migration and Class in the 21st Century","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.7","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter situates Britain within contemporary capitalism, to lay the foundation for the analysis of migration, welfare and precarity that follows. The chapter begins by arguing that the economic crisis has arisen from fundamental contradictions within capitalism and has far-reaching consequences for society. This is followed by three main sections: the first uses ‘imperialism’ to describe capitalism’s contemporary form, as a distinctive organisation of the global space of capital and labour; the second considers migration, focusing on the role of borders and racism in structuring human mobility within imperialism; the third discusses class, shaped by borders and racism within imperialist Britain.","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123809791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter draws together the discussion in the previous chapters, by arguing that increasing restrictions on migration and on state welfare are part of the same process, in which the movement of workers is placed under increasingly strict discipline through differential regimes that fraction the working class, to increase exploitation and contain the contradictions of the imperialist crisis. Marx’s concept of the ‘reserve army of labour’ is reinterpreted, together with insights from the autonomy of migration tradition, as a way of exploring differential forms of movement under constraint that are not necessarily limited to particular individuals. This analysis is tested and developed drawing on empirical research with new migrants in North East England, to conceptualise three ‘dynamics of precarity’.
{"title":"Mobility Power and Labour Power in the Crisis of Imperialism","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter draws together the discussion in the previous chapters, by arguing that increasing restrictions on migration and on state welfare are part of the same process, in which the movement of workers is placed under increasingly strict discipline through differential regimes that fraction the working class, to increase exploitation and contain the contradictions of the imperialist crisis. Marx’s concept of the ‘reserve army of labour’ is reinterpreted, together with insights from the autonomy of migration tradition, as a way of exploring differential forms of movement under constraint that are not necessarily limited to particular individuals. This analysis is tested and developed drawing on empirical research with new migrants in North East England, to conceptualise three ‘dynamics of precarity’.","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114546812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117056097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deconstructing Welfare Crises","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132003704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter traces the emergence of a ‘hostile environment’ and the rise of anti-immigrant populism, through the shifting immigration policies and categories employed by recent British governments. This is understood as an internalisation of border controls within Britain. The chapter then moves to a wider spatial scale, to consider the externalisation of Britain’s borders through the so-called ‘migrant crisis’ in Europe. The last part of the chapter considers the potential for social movements and campaigns to both reinforce and contest these bordering practices. The chapter concludes by considering the potential for such rearticulations to provide a basis to deconstruct hegemonic categories and form new subjectivities as a basis for resistance, and also the challenges of realising this potential.
{"title":"Deconstructing Migrant Crises in Europe","authors":"T. Vickers","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the emergence of a ‘hostile environment’ and the rise of anti-immigrant populism, through the shifting immigration policies and categories employed by recent British governments. This is understood as an internalisation of border controls within Britain. The chapter then moves to a wider spatial scale, to consider the externalisation of Britain’s borders through the so-called ‘migrant crisis’ in Europe. The last part of the chapter considers the potential for social movements and campaigns to both reinforce and contest these bordering practices. The chapter concludes by considering the potential for such rearticulations to provide a basis to deconstruct hegemonic categories and form new subjectivities as a basis for resistance, and also the challenges of realising this potential.","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Series Preface","authors":"A. Gamlen","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvk3gkgd.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":148113,"journal":{"name":"Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123246118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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