Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887671
Ingram Weeks, Ben Holden, Aleksandar Stanoev
Air quality is becoming an increasingly recognised public health issue, with a strong focus on particulate matters (PMs) which have been shown to be a cause of respiratory problems. In addition to this carbon dioxide (CO2) concen-tration has been found to impact cognitive ability at higher levels. Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory (BRIL), have designed, developed and deployed an Internet-of- Things (IoT) system to perform low-power, distributed monitoring of indoor environmental conditions within the Cardiff University School of Engineering building using LoRaWAN as the communication protocol. This paper discusses the significant design choices behind the platform, focusing on the compromises that were made to both minimize the power consumption and adhere with regional LoRaWAN data-rate limits; through a custom scheme of encoding timestamped, buffered sensor data. In addition to this, results from the system are presented and discussed where it is shown that the method adopted, a real-time clock (RTC) for achieving synchronization across the embedded devices, is adequate for scenarios where higher frequency readings across a range of sensors are required.
{"title":"A Low Power System for Synchronising Buffered Air Quality Data","authors":"Ingram Weeks, Ben Holden, Aleksandar Stanoev","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887671","url":null,"abstract":"Air quality is becoming an increasingly recognised public health issue, with a strong focus on particulate matters (PMs) which have been shown to be a cause of respiratory problems. In addition to this carbon dioxide (CO2) concen-tration has been found to impact cognitive ability at higher levels. Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory (BRIL), have designed, developed and deployed an Internet-of- Things (IoT) system to perform low-power, distributed monitoring of indoor environmental conditions within the Cardiff University School of Engineering building using LoRaWAN as the communication protocol. This paper discusses the significant design choices behind the platform, focusing on the compromises that were made to both minimize the power consumption and adhere with regional LoRaWAN data-rate limits; through a custom scheme of encoding timestamped, buffered sensor data. In addition to this, results from the system are presented and discussed where it is shown that the method adopted, a real-time clock (RTC) for achieving synchronization across the embedded devices, is adequate for scenarios where higher frequency readings across a range of sensors are required.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122849899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887742
Jie Xu, A. Hu
L TE- V2X system is developed based on L TE system and their synchronization methods are similar. In this paper, the content of physical layer of L TE sidelink system is analyzed. Based on the characteristics of channels and symbols, a method to identify subframe types by symbol periodicity is proposed, which can effectively distinguish data frames from broadcast frames. On the basis of traditional L TE synchronization algorithms, two new synchronization algorithms are proposed for L TE sidelink system. One is subframe synchronization method based on cyclic prefix autocorrelation and the other is PSSS synchronization method for sidelink broadcast frames. The simulation results show that the synchronization performance of the subframe synchronization algorithm, which integrates multiple symbols' correlation results, is significantly better than that of the traditional auto-correlation algorithm. The synchronization miss detected ratio is reduced to 0% when SNR is more than 4dB, which is barely affected by frequency offset. PSSS synchronization algorithm is applied to broadcast frames and its synchronization RMSE value is only 0.1 % of the subframe synchronization algorithm, when the SNR is less than 2dB. Even under the influence of frequency offset, the miss detected ratio of this algorithm is 50% lower than that of subframe synchronization algorithm.
{"title":"Subframes Discrimination and Time Synchronization Methods in LTE-V2X System","authors":"Jie Xu, A. Hu","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887742","url":null,"abstract":"L TE- V2X system is developed based on L TE system and their synchronization methods are similar. In this paper, the content of physical layer of L TE sidelink system is analyzed. Based on the characteristics of channels and symbols, a method to identify subframe types by symbol periodicity is proposed, which can effectively distinguish data frames from broadcast frames. On the basis of traditional L TE synchronization algorithms, two new synchronization algorithms are proposed for L TE sidelink system. One is subframe synchronization method based on cyclic prefix autocorrelation and the other is PSSS synchronization method for sidelink broadcast frames. The simulation results show that the synchronization performance of the subframe synchronization algorithm, which integrates multiple symbols' correlation results, is significantly better than that of the traditional auto-correlation algorithm. The synchronization miss detected ratio is reduced to 0% when SNR is more than 4dB, which is barely affected by frequency offset. PSSS synchronization algorithm is applied to broadcast frames and its synchronization RMSE value is only 0.1 % of the subframe synchronization algorithm, when the SNR is less than 2dB. Even under the influence of frequency offset, the miss detected ratio of this algorithm is 50% lower than that of subframe synchronization algorithm.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"566 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114708749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887705
Irida Shallari, Vincenzo Gallo, M. Carratù, M. O’nils, C. Liguori, Mazhar Hussain
The sophistication and high accuracy of Deep Neural Networks have gotten significant attention in recent years, with a wide range of applications making use of their capabilities. However, the deployment of such networks still faces limitations due to the high volume of data to be processed and the high computational requirements. In this article we focus on the effects that data volume reduction, due to image compression and scaling down the image resolution, will have on the detection accuracy for the design case of a powered wheelchair guidance system. Throughout our analysis we show that the reduction in image resolution to a factor of $16times$ in image area alongside with JPEG compression provides a detection accuracy of over 0.93 in mAP, while the additional error in the position estimation of the caregiver is less than 0.5 cm. By reducing the data volume we inherently reduce the communication energy consumption, which is reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results prove that we can overcome the complexity of high data volume for the deployment of DNNs in resource constrained IoT applications by interlacing the effects of image compression and resolution reduction, maintaining the accuracy and reducing the node energy consumption.
{"title":"Image Scaling Effects on Deep Learning Based Applications","authors":"Irida Shallari, Vincenzo Gallo, M. Carratù, M. O’nils, C. Liguori, Mazhar Hussain","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887705","url":null,"abstract":"The sophistication and high accuracy of Deep Neural Networks have gotten significant attention in recent years, with a wide range of applications making use of their capabilities. However, the deployment of such networks still faces limitations due to the high volume of data to be processed and the high computational requirements. In this article we focus on the effects that data volume reduction, due to image compression and scaling down the image resolution, will have on the detection accuracy for the design case of a powered wheelchair guidance system. Throughout our analysis we show that the reduction in image resolution to a factor of $16times$ in image area alongside with JPEG compression provides a detection accuracy of over 0.93 in mAP, while the additional error in the position estimation of the caregiver is less than 0.5 cm. By reducing the data volume we inherently reduce the communication energy consumption, which is reduced by more than one order of magnitude. These results prove that we can overcome the complexity of high data volume for the deployment of DNNs in resource constrained IoT applications by interlacing the effects of image compression and resolution reduction, maintaining the accuracy and reducing the node energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887722
Helbert da Rocha, J. Pereira, T. Rodrigues, J. Salvado, A. Espírito-Santo
Wireless sensor connectivity is heavily constrained by the availability of power at the sensor. With the increasing use of energy harvesting mechanisms, the need to develop wireless network connection synchronisation mechanisms, generally attributed to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, also grows. This paper proposes a communication synchronisation method between the Network-Capable Application Processor (NCAP) and a Transducer Interface Modules (TIM), defined by the IEEE 1451, using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme. The time slot allocation is determined by a metaheuristic algorithm that inputs the device's energy state and returns the energy harvesting period, observing the impact of uncertainty as long-time energy harvesting periods will disturb the synchronisation of the devices to communicate. The synchronisation process uses the resources from IEEE 1451.0 standard. It allows devices with energetic restrictions, which do not use the communication protocols defined in IEEE 1451.5, to be accepted in a network of transducers compatible with the IEEE 1451 standard.
{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Process for Optimal Communication Synchronization in Low Power Wireless Smart Sensors","authors":"Helbert da Rocha, J. Pereira, T. Rodrigues, J. Salvado, A. Espírito-Santo","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887722","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor connectivity is heavily constrained by the availability of power at the sensor. With the increasing use of energy harvesting mechanisms, the need to develop wireless network connection synchronisation mechanisms, generally attributed to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, also grows. This paper proposes a communication synchronisation method between the Network-Capable Application Processor (NCAP) and a Transducer Interface Modules (TIM), defined by the IEEE 1451, using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) scheme. The time slot allocation is determined by a metaheuristic algorithm that inputs the device's energy state and returns the energy harvesting period, observing the impact of uncertainty as long-time energy harvesting periods will disturb the synchronisation of the devices to communicate. The synchronisation process uses the resources from IEEE 1451.0 standard. It allows devices with energetic restrictions, which do not use the communication protocols defined in IEEE 1451.5, to be accepted in a network of transducers compatible with the IEEE 1451 standard.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887670
L. Chiaraviglio, Chiara Lodovisi, D. Franci, S. Pavoncello, T. Aureli
5G service is already available in many countries, including Italy. Currently, 5G networks are run in parallel to the already deployed pre-5G ones (including 4G). In this work, we face the problem of continuously monitoring the exposure from a vantage point over a very long period of time (i.e., several months). After designing and validating a measurement setup suitable for our aims, we extensively collected 5G and pre-5G exposure data from the considered location. Results show that, although the share of 5G exposure is in general lower than pre-5G one, both intensity and occurrence of 5G exposure peaks are rapidly increasing over the months, suggesting a growth of 5G exposure levels in the near future.
{"title":"Six Months in the Life of a Cellular Tower: Is 5G Exposure Higher than pre-5G One?","authors":"L. Chiaraviglio, Chiara Lodovisi, D. Franci, S. Pavoncello, T. Aureli","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887670","url":null,"abstract":"5G service is already available in many countries, including Italy. Currently, 5G networks are run in parallel to the already deployed pre-5G ones (including 4G). In this work, we face the problem of continuously monitoring the exposure from a vantage point over a very long period of time (i.e., several months). After designing and validating a measurement setup suitable for our aims, we extensively collected 5G and pre-5G exposure data from the considered location. Results show that, although the share of 5G exposure is in general lower than pre-5G one, both intensity and occurrence of 5G exposure peaks are rapidly increasing over the months, suggesting a growth of 5G exposure levels in the near future.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123352464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887774
Wuyan Sun, Chuyang Yuan, Wenjun Fan
Honeypot is a special security tool created for enticing attackers and studying their malicious activities. The interaction extent between the honeypot and the attacker is pre-sumably in compliance with the fidelity level (or the interaction level) of the honeypot, i.e., more information system resource the honeypot provides, longer term the attacker is sunk, and more activities the honeypot can capture. However, we found that there are few works focusing on the interaction extent/duration in terms of the attack connection. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the measurement of the time-related property, i.e., the attack connection duration in light of the honeypot's interaction-level. We deploy different interaction-level honeypots on CloudLab to observe the real-world attack connections. The data collection continues for 4 weeks. Thereafter, we apply a statistical analysis on the collected data to verify the correspondence between the attack extend and the honeypot's fidelity level. We figure out that the high-interaction honeypot (HIH) can make the attacker trap in for 6.51 seconds on average, while the low-interaction honeypot (LIH) can hold the attacker in play for just 1.61 seconds on average but can distract more attackers.
{"title":"A Measurement of Real-world Attack Connections toward Honeypots","authors":"Wuyan Sun, Chuyang Yuan, Wenjun Fan","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887774","url":null,"abstract":"Honeypot is a special security tool created for enticing attackers and studying their malicious activities. The interaction extent between the honeypot and the attacker is pre-sumably in compliance with the fidelity level (or the interaction level) of the honeypot, i.e., more information system resource the honeypot provides, longer term the attacker is sunk, and more activities the honeypot can capture. However, we found that there are few works focusing on the interaction extent/duration in terms of the attack connection. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the measurement of the time-related property, i.e., the attack connection duration in light of the honeypot's interaction-level. We deploy different interaction-level honeypots on CloudLab to observe the real-world attack connections. The data collection continues for 4 weeks. Thereafter, we apply a statistical analysis on the collected data to verify the correspondence between the attack extend and the honeypot's fidelity level. We figure out that the high-interaction honeypot (HIH) can make the attacker trap in for 6.51 seconds on average, while the low-interaction honeypot (LIH) can hold the attacker in play for just 1.61 seconds on average but can distract more attackers.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131458459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887713
B. Andò, S. Baglio, S. Castorina, S. Graziani, Alberto Campisi, V. Marletta
The investigation of volcanic ash particles granulometry is mandatory in order to cope with real needs of both urban and air traffic, as well as to manage its effect to human health. The approach presented in this paper relies on a computer vision-based methodology for the automatic detection of volcanic ash granulometry through a network of sensing nodes, providing high spatial resolution information, is proposed. The system architecture is presented, along with the proposed image processing methodology aimed to extract statistics on the collected sample of volcanic ash. The system characterization is also addressed. Results obtained in terms of repeatability, experimental variability and the system accuracy are given.
{"title":"A Network of Monitoring Nodes to Analyze Dimensions of Volcanic Ash Samples","authors":"B. Andò, S. Baglio, S. Castorina, S. Graziani, Alberto Campisi, V. Marletta","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887713","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of volcanic ash particles granulometry is mandatory in order to cope with real needs of both urban and air traffic, as well as to manage its effect to human health. The approach presented in this paper relies on a computer vision-based methodology for the automatic detection of volcanic ash granulometry through a network of sensing nodes, providing high spatial resolution information, is proposed. The system architecture is presented, along with the proposed image processing methodology aimed to extract statistics on the collected sample of volcanic ash. The system characterization is also addressed. Results obtained in terms of repeatability, experimental variability and the system accuracy are given.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123185085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887762
G. Betta, D. Capriglione, G. Cerro, G. Miele, M. Migliore, D. Šuka
This paper deals with radio-frequency electromag-netic field (RF -EMF) exposure from stand-alone (SA) 5G massive-MIMO radio base stations (RBSs) operating in the sub-6 GHz frequency range (FRl). In general, the basic principle for human exposure is to measure the power received from a constant radio control signal (usually called a pilot signal) and to apply a proper extrapolation factor, already defined in cases of 2G, 3G, and 4G RBSs. As for 5G NR (New Radio), the use of beamforming, flexible numerologies, and Time Division Duplexing (TD D) schemes require the adoption of new protocols and procedures for Maximum Power Extrapolation (MPE) techniques. Considering that SS/PBCH (Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel) block is the only “lways-on” signal in 5G NR, several proposals use it as a reference in Extrapolation Techniques (ETs). Therefore, it is important to analyze its variability in the case of measurements on the field for analysing its stability and quantifying if it could affect the accuracy of the achieved results (thus making unreliable the comparison against applicable limits). In this framework, this paper reports the experimental analyses based on the use of a vectorial network scanner for collecting the Synchronization Signal Reference Signal Received Power (SS- RSRP) of the Sec-ondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) in the Broadcast Channel (PBCH) of the SS/PBCH block over several days for several mobile operators. The measurement campaign showed different behaviours among the operators and also proved how, in many cases, the variability ranges of SS- RSRP significantly exceed the typical measurement uncertainty.
{"title":"Experimental analysis of 5G pilot signals' variability in urban scenarios","authors":"G. Betta, D. Capriglione, G. Cerro, G. Miele, M. Migliore, D. Šuka","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887762","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with radio-frequency electromag-netic field (RF -EMF) exposure from stand-alone (SA) 5G massive-MIMO radio base stations (RBSs) operating in the sub-6 GHz frequency range (FRl). In general, the basic principle for human exposure is to measure the power received from a constant radio control signal (usually called a pilot signal) and to apply a proper extrapolation factor, already defined in cases of 2G, 3G, and 4G RBSs. As for 5G NR (New Radio), the use of beamforming, flexible numerologies, and Time Division Duplexing (TD D) schemes require the adoption of new protocols and procedures for Maximum Power Extrapolation (MPE) techniques. Considering that SS/PBCH (Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel) block is the only “lways-on” signal in 5G NR, several proposals use it as a reference in Extrapolation Techniques (ETs). Therefore, it is important to analyze its variability in the case of measurements on the field for analysing its stability and quantifying if it could affect the accuracy of the achieved results (thus making unreliable the comparison against applicable limits). In this framework, this paper reports the experimental analyses based on the use of a vectorial network scanner for collecting the Synchronization Signal Reference Signal Received Power (SS- RSRP) of the Sec-ondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) in the Broadcast Channel (PBCH) of the SS/PBCH block over several days for several mobile operators. The measurement campaign showed different behaviours among the operators and also proved how, in many cases, the variability ranges of SS- RSRP significantly exceed the typical measurement uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121164800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887708
M. Carratù, Vincenzo Gallo, V. Paciello
Smart sensors, transducers, and sensor networks are undergoing, in recent years, a profound transformation thanks to the spread of new communication protocols based on the Producer-Consumer paradigm rather than on the Request-Response paradigm of Server-Client architectures. In this context, the substandard IEEE 1451.1.6 has been introduced in the IEEE 1451 standard, which aims to standardize the Producer-Consumer based communication protocols, particularly MQTT. The role of this standard is fundamental for the realization of sensor networks with nodes produced by different manufacturers and integrated in a fully automatic way according to the paradigm “Plug and Play”. This work aims to verify the progress of this sub-standard by testing its reliability with the development and testing of a prototype wireless sensor network based on MQTT with low-cost hardware. The prototype will consist of a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) node and a Transducer Interface Module (TIM) node, while the role of MQTT Broker and Wi-Fi Access Point for the physical layer of the Wireless Sensor Network will be covered by the NCAP itself.
{"title":"IEEE 1451: Communication among smart sensors using MQTT protocol","authors":"M. Carratù, Vincenzo Gallo, V. Paciello","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887708","url":null,"abstract":"Smart sensors, transducers, and sensor networks are undergoing, in recent years, a profound transformation thanks to the spread of new communication protocols based on the Producer-Consumer paradigm rather than on the Request-Response paradigm of Server-Client architectures. In this context, the substandard IEEE 1451.1.6 has been introduced in the IEEE 1451 standard, which aims to standardize the Producer-Consumer based communication protocols, particularly MQTT. The role of this standard is fundamental for the realization of sensor networks with nodes produced by different manufacturers and integrated in a fully automatic way according to the paradigm “Plug and Play”. This work aims to verify the progress of this sub-standard by testing its reliability with the development and testing of a prototype wireless sensor network based on MQTT with low-cost hardware. The prototype will consist of a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) node and a Transducer Interface Module (TIM) node, while the role of MQTT Broker and Wi-Fi Access Point for the physical layer of the Wireless Sensor Network will be covered by the NCAP itself.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887773
G. Bandini, A. Motroni, A. Buffi, M. Marracci, B. Tellini
In the Internet-of- Things paradigm, the knowledge of item/people position becomes crucial to develop new services and applications. Autonomous vehicles, robots and drones rep-resent key enablers to implement cutting-edge solutions among with localization of items or people. In this paper, we present the adoption of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system to locate passive RFID tags in outdoor scenario. In particular, we apply a synthetic-aperture-radar approach and we discuss how the position uncertainty of the reader-antenna trajectory affects the tag localization uncertainty.
{"title":"On the Effect of Position Uncertainty of the UHF-RFID Reader Trajectory in SAR-based Localization via UAV","authors":"G. Bandini, A. Motroni, A. Buffi, M. Marracci, B. Tellini","doi":"10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MN55117.2022.9887773","url":null,"abstract":"In the Internet-of- Things paradigm, the knowledge of item/people position becomes crucial to develop new services and applications. Autonomous vehicles, robots and drones rep-resent key enablers to implement cutting-edge solutions among with localization of items or people. In this paper, we present the adoption of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system to locate passive RFID tags in outdoor scenario. In particular, we apply a synthetic-aperture-radar approach and we discuss how the position uncertainty of the reader-antenna trajectory affects the tag localization uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":148281,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Measurements & Networking (M&N)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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