A. Hansen, G. Ambroziak, D. Thornton, J. Mundt, Rachel E. Kahn, L. Dahl, Leif Waage, Daniel Kattenbraker, B. Grung
Background: Nutritional interventions may serve as a stress resilience strategy with important implications for human health. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation throughout wintertime on problem-solving and planning abilities during stressful circumstances. Design: A total of 77 male inpatients with a mean age of 48 years (range 31–81) and stress-related mental health disorders were randomly assigned into a Vitamin D supplement group (daily intake of 40 μg) or a placebo supplement group (Control) (daily intake of 120 mg olive oil). The intervention period was from January 2018 to May 2018. The means and standard deviations for vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, nmol/L), pre- and post-test, respectively, were 58(21) and 46(15) for the Control group, and 63(18) and 76(21) for the Vitamin D group. Problem-solving and planning abilities were measured by the Tower of London (ToL) task pre- (midwinter) and post- (spring) supplement intervention. The ToL task was performed during exposure to distracting noise. Results: The results revealed that vitamin D supplementation throughout the winter had a significant effect on number of correct responses on easier (1 and 2 move) ToL problems during stress; the Vitamin D group improved significantly from pre- to post-test, whereas the Control group did not. In addition, the Vitamin D group had significantly more correct responses than the Control group on post-test. The improved performance was not related to a speed-accuracy trade off effect; both groups showed significantly decreased planning times from pre- to post-test. The intervention did not differentially affect task performance on the more difficult (3 to 5 move) ToL problems. For the more demanding problems, IQ seemed to explain most of the variance regarding accuracy. Age explained most of the variance associated with task planning time. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation seemed to improve resilience to stress, but it was limited to performance of easier tasks
{"title":"Can vitamin D status influence the effect of stress on planning and problem-solving? A randomized control trial","authors":"A. Hansen, G. Ambroziak, D. Thornton, J. Mundt, Rachel E. Kahn, L. Dahl, Leif Waage, Daniel Kattenbraker, B. Grung","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v67.8970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v67.8970","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutritional interventions may serve as a stress resilience strategy with important implications for human health. \u0000Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation throughout wintertime on problem-solving and planning abilities during stressful circumstances. \u0000Design: A total of 77 male inpatients with a mean age of 48 years (range 31–81) and stress-related mental health disorders were randomly assigned into a Vitamin D supplement group (daily intake of 40 μg) or a placebo supplement group (Control) (daily intake of 120 mg olive oil). The intervention period was from January 2018 to May 2018. The means and standard deviations for vitamin D status (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, nmol/L), pre- and post-test, respectively, were 58(21) and 46(15) for the Control group, and 63(18) and 76(21) for the Vitamin D group. Problem-solving and planning abilities were measured by the Tower of London (ToL) task pre- (midwinter) and post- (spring) supplement intervention. The ToL task was performed during exposure to distracting noise. \u0000Results: The results revealed that vitamin D supplementation throughout the winter had a significant effect on number of correct responses on easier (1 and 2 move) ToL problems during stress; the Vitamin D group improved significantly from pre- to post-test, whereas the Control group did not. In addition, the Vitamin D group had significantly more correct responses than the Control group on post-test. The improved performance was not related to a speed-accuracy trade off effect; both groups showed significantly decreased planning times from pre- to post-test. The intervention did not differentially affect task performance on the more difficult (3 to 5 move) ToL problems. For the more demanding problems, IQ seemed to explain most of the variance regarding accuracy. Age explained most of the variance associated with task planning time. \u0000Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation seemed to improve resilience to stress, but it was limited to performance of easier tasks \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121467884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun Jeong Lee, E. Choi, Y. Chun, Jongkyu Kim, Jung-Ok Lee, Jin-Seol Rhee, Youn-Bi Jang, Tae-Gyu Lim, S. Shim
Background: Blue honeysuckle (BH; Lonicera caerulea L.), which is a traditional medicinal plant, is known to be a rich source of anthocyanins and phenolic acids due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-obesity effects, which are a result of attenuating abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms, have also been reported. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BH on genes and proteins that are involved in the adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: The effects of the water extracts of the BH were examined on adipogenesis and lipolysis using a biochemical and molecular analysis of the 3T3-L1 cells. Results: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) from the BH extract was determined in order to contain 1.67 mg/g by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The lipid accumulation in the adipocytes was reduced, which ranged from 58 to 26% in the BH (500 and 1,000 µg/mL) compared to the control group. The lipolysis that was measured by the glycerol content was not affected by the BH at 1,000 μg/mL. The BH downregulated the expression of the main transcription factors of the adipogenesis pathway, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, 1, 2, adipose differentiation-related protein, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and acetyl CoA carboxylase, while increasing the expression of the Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the BH is a good source of C3G, and it could be effective in regard to inhibiting the adipogenesis as opposed to the lipolysis, which indicates the potential for natural anti-obesity ingredients.
背景:蓝色忍冬(BH;金银花(Lonicera caerulea L.)是一种传统的药用植物，具有很强的抗氧化和抗炎活性，是花青素和酚酸的丰富来源。它的抗肥胖作用，这是减弱异常脂质和葡萄糖代谢的结果，也有报道。目的:本研究旨在探讨BH对3T3-L1细胞脂肪细胞分化相关基因和蛋白的影响。方法:通过对3T3-L1细胞的生化和分子分析，研究白芍水提物对脂肪形成和脂肪分解的影响。结果:用高效液相色谱法测定了茯苓提取物中花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷(C3G)的含量为1.67 mg/g。与对照组相比，脂肪细胞中的脂质积累减少了58%至26%(500和1000µg/mL)。在1000 μg/mL浓度下，以甘油含量测定的脂解不受BH的影响。BH下调了脂肪生成途径的主要转录因子，如过氧化物酶体增殖体激活受体γ、1,2、脂肪分化相关蛋白、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α和乙酰辅酶a羧化酶的表达，而增加了腺苷单磷酸(AMP)激活蛋白激酶α的表达。结论:这些研究结果表明黑芪是C3G的良好来源，它可能有效地抑制脂肪生成而不是脂肪分解，这表明它可能是天然的抗肥胖成分。
{"title":"Blue honeysuckle rich in cyanidin-3-O-glucoside inhibited adipogenic differentiation by modulation of the adipogenesis pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes","authors":"Hyun Jeong Lee, E. Choi, Y. Chun, Jongkyu Kim, Jung-Ok Lee, Jin-Seol Rhee, Youn-Bi Jang, Tae-Gyu Lim, S. Shim","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v66.8501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.8501","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blue honeysuckle (BH; Lonicera caerulea L.), which is a traditional medicinal plant, is known to be a rich source of anthocyanins and phenolic acids due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-obesity effects, which are a result of attenuating abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms, have also been reported. \u0000Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BH on genes and proteins that are involved in the adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells. \u0000Methods: The effects of the water extracts of the BH were examined on adipogenesis and lipolysis using a biochemical and molecular analysis of the 3T3-L1 cells. \u0000Results: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) from the BH extract was determined in order to contain 1.67 mg/g by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The lipid accumulation in the adipocytes was reduced, which ranged from 58 to 26% in the BH (500 and 1,000 µg/mL) compared to the control group. The lipolysis that was measured by the glycerol content was not affected by the BH at 1,000 μg/mL. The BH downregulated the expression of the main transcription factors of the adipogenesis pathway, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, 1, 2, adipose differentiation-related protein, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and acetyl CoA carboxylase, while increasing the expression of the Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α. \u0000Conclusion: These findings suggest that the BH is a good source of C3G, and it could be effective in regard to inhibiting the adipogenesis as opposed to the lipolysis, which indicates the potential for natural anti-obesity ingredients.","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131668498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tong Li, Jianjun Yang, Hongxing Zhang, Yuanhong Xie, Hui Liu, J. Ren, F. Ren, Junhua Jin
Background: Bifidobacterium lactis A12 (B. lactis A12) has been shown to have the potential to prevent obesity. However, the mechanisms by which it affects the control of energy metabolism have not been fully elucidated. Objective: The present work aimed to clarify the mechanisms by that B. lactis A12 has an effect on the management of energy metabolism. Design: Three- to five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups, 15 mice for each group. Low-fat diet (LFD) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group were fed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on a daily basis. Cell-free supernatant (CFS), A12, and B. lactis BB12 (BB12) groups were fed with daily probiotics for 10 weeks (1 × 109 CFU of every strain). Results: The results showed that A12 effectively alleviated relieved weight gain and dyslipidemia, inhibited liver adipose accumulation, and improved leptin resistance in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). The anti-obesity effects of B. lactis A12 were closely related to the assembly of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), SCFA-downstream receptors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed that B. lactis A12 supplementation reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which was possible related to the augmented abundance of SCFA-producing bacterium and a minimized ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in mice. Conclusions: B. lactis A12 prevents obesity in some pathways, including the downregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 mRNA levels in the liver, modulation of the structure of gut microbiota in a gut microbiota-dependent manner, and the upregulation of the SCFA-producing bacteria-related G protein-coupled receptor 43 pathway.
{"title":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A12 prevents obesityassociated dyslipidemia by modulating gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid production and energy metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice","authors":"Tong Li, Jianjun Yang, Hongxing Zhang, Yuanhong Xie, Hui Liu, J. Ren, F. Ren, Junhua Jin","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v66.8670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.8670","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bifidobacterium lactis A12 (B. lactis A12) has been shown to have the potential to prevent obesity. However, the mechanisms by which it affects the control of energy metabolism have not been fully elucidated. \u0000Objective: The present work aimed to clarify the mechanisms by that B. lactis A12 has an effect on the management of energy metabolism. \u0000Design: Three- to five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups, 15 mice for each group. Low-fat diet (LFD) group and high-fat diet (HFD) group were fed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on a daily basis. Cell-free supernatant (CFS), A12, and B. lactis BB12 (BB12) groups were fed with daily probiotics for 10 weeks (1 × 109 CFU of every strain). \u0000Results: The results showed that A12 effectively alleviated relieved weight gain and dyslipidemia, inhibited liver adipose accumulation, and improved leptin resistance in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). The anti-obesity effects of B. lactis A12 were closely related to the assembly of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), SCFA-downstream receptors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed that B. lactis A12 supplementation reversed HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which was possible related to the augmented abundance of SCFA-producing bacterium and a minimized ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in mice. \u0000Conclusions: B. lactis A12 prevents obesity in some pathways, including the downregulation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 mRNA levels in the liver, modulation of the structure of gut microbiota in a gut microbiota-dependent manner, and the upregulation of the SCFA-producing bacteria-related G protein-coupled receptor 43 pathway.","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao-Hui Wang, Xiao-Du Cheng, Dong Wang, Z. Wu, Yan Chen, Qing-Xi Wu
Background: Edible fungi (mushrooms) have attracted much more concerns due to their abundant nutritions and functional bioactive substances like polysaccharides. Objective: In this study, the anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide fraction (LDP-1) from the wild Lactarius deliciosus fruiting bodies were systematically evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model. Methods: Lifetime determination of C. elegans (survival status) was observed via microscope. Effects of LDP-1 on C. elegans induced by heat and oxidative stress were, respectively, performed in an artificial climate chamber and Juglone solution. Determination of lipofuscin levels in C. elegans was observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy. Determination of reactive oxygen species in C. elegans in vivo was conducted via fluorescence spectrophotometer reader. Results: The results revealed that LDP-1 could significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and the lifetime of C. elegans treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 could be prolonged by 32.8% compared with the control. The survival rates of the experimental C. elegans under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions were clearly improved after treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 (40 and 19.8%, respectively), while under the same circumstances all the C. elegans in the blank group died. Fluorescence microscopy analysis confirmed that LDP-1 could effectively reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen free radicals in C. elegans, where the respective maximum reduction reached 22.8 and 42.7% compared with the control. Conclusion: These results indicate that LDP-1 had favorable antioxidant and anti-aging effects, which could be explored as potential dietary additives to renovate oxidative damage and slow down aging process.
背景:食用菌(蘑菇)因其丰富的营养和多糖等功能性生物活性物质而备受关注。目的:以秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans, C. elegans)为模型，系统评价野生美味乳杆菌子实体多糖组分(LDP-1)的抗氧化和抗衰老活性。方法:显微镜下观察秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命测定(存活状态)。在人工气候室和Juglone溶液中分别研究了LDP-1对热应激和氧化应激诱导的秀丽隐杆线虫的影响。采用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜法测定线虫体内脂褐素的含量。采用荧光分光光度计对线虫体内活性氧进行了测定。结果:结果表明，LDP-1能显著延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命，1000 μg/mL LDP-1处理的秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命比对照组延长32.8%。1000 μg/mL LDP-1处理后，实验秀丽隐杆线虫在热休克和氧化应激条件下的存活率明显提高(分别为40%和19.8%)，而在相同条件下空白组秀丽隐杆线虫全部死亡。荧光显微镜分析证实，LDP-1能有效减少线虫体内脂褐素和活性氧自由基的积累，与对照相比，最大减少量分别达到22.8%和42.7%。结论:LDP-1具有良好的抗氧化和抗衰老作用，可作为修复氧化损伤和延缓衰老的潜在膳食添加剂。
{"title":"Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of polysaccharide LDP-1 from wild Lactarius deliciosus on Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Xiao-Hui Wang, Xiao-Du Cheng, Dong Wang, Z. Wu, Yan Chen, Qing-Xi Wu","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v66.8110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.8110","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Edible fungi (mushrooms) have attracted much more concerns due to their abundant nutritions and functional bioactive substances like polysaccharides. \u0000Objective: In this study, the anti-oxidation and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide fraction (LDP-1) from the wild Lactarius deliciosus fruiting bodies were systematically evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model. \u0000Methods: Lifetime determination of C. elegans (survival status) was observed via microscope. Effects of LDP-1 on C. elegans induced by heat and oxidative stress were, respectively, performed in an artificial climate chamber and Juglone solution. Determination of lipofuscin levels in C. elegans was observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy. Determination of reactive oxygen species in C. elegans in vivo was conducted via fluorescence spectrophotometer reader. \u0000Results: The results revealed that LDP-1 could significantly extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and the lifetime of C. elegans treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 could be prolonged by 32.8% compared with the control. The survival rates of the experimental C. elegans under heat shock and oxidative stress conditions were clearly improved after treated with 1,000 μg/mL LDP-1 (40 and 19.8%, respectively), while under the same circumstances all the C. elegans in the blank group died. Fluorescence microscopy analysis confirmed that LDP-1 could effectively reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and reactive oxygen free radicals in C. elegans, where the respective maximum reduction reached 22.8 and 42.7% compared with the control. \u0000Conclusion: These results indicate that LDP-1 had favorable antioxidant and anti-aging effects, which could be explored as potential dietary additives to renovate oxidative damage and slow down aging process.","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128697249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rulong Chen, Mengcheng Ruan, Si Chen, Yu Tian, Hualin Wang, Na Li, Junlin Zhang, X. Yu, Zhiguo Liu
Background: Disturbance of circadian rhythm leads to abnormalities in bile acid (BA) and lipid metabolism, and it is of great significance to explore the relationship between them. This study explored the effects of circadian dysregulation on the rhythms of intestinal BA metabolism. Method: Period circadian clock 1/period circadian clock 2 (Per1/Per2) double gene knockout (DKO) and wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a control or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. We measure plasma parameters of mice. Pathological changes including those in liver and intestine were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil O staining. Western blot was used to detect the intestinal core rhythm protein clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV-ERBα), Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Small heterodimer partner (SHP), and Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) expressions. We analyzed the bile acid and intestinal flora profile in the mice intestine tissues by BA-targeted metabolomics detection and high-throughput sequencing. Results: Rhythmic chaos affected lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in mice liver and intestine, and diurnal fluctuations of plasma triglycerides (TGs) were absent in normal-feeding DKO mice. The normal circadian fluctuations of the CLOCK and REV-ERBα observed in wild mice disappeared (normal diet) or were reversed (high-fat diet) in DKO mice. In WT mice intestine, total BA and conjugated BA were affected by circadian rhythm under both normal and high-fat diets, while these circadian fluctuations disappeared in DKO mice. Unconjugated BA seemed to be affected exclusively by diet (significantly increased in the high-fat group) without obvious fluctuations associated with circadian rhythm. Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA was positively correlated with the presence of Bacteroidetes and displayed a circadian rhythm. The expression levels of BA receptor pathway protein FXR, SHP, and FGF15 were affected by the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA. Conclusion: Bacteroidetes-related diurnal changes to intestinal ratios of conjugated/unconjugated BA have the potential to regulate diurnal fluctuations in liver BA synthesis via FXR-FGF15. The inverted intestinal circadian rhythm observed in DKO mice fed with a high-fat diet may be an important reason for their abnormal circadian plasma TG rhythms and their susceptibility to lipid metabolism disorders.
{"title":"Circadian dysregulation disrupts gut microbe-related bile acid metabolism","authors":"Rulong Chen, Mengcheng Ruan, Si Chen, Yu Tian, Hualin Wang, Na Li, Junlin Zhang, X. Yu, Zhiguo Liu","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v66.7653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.7653","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disturbance of circadian rhythm leads to abnormalities in bile acid (BA) and lipid metabolism, and it is of great significance to explore the relationship between them. This study explored the effects of circadian dysregulation on the rhythms of intestinal BA metabolism. \u0000Method: Period circadian clock 1/period circadian clock 2 (Per1/Per2) double gene knockout (DKO) and wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a control or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. We measure plasma parameters of mice. Pathological changes including those in liver and intestine were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil O staining. Western blot was used to detect the intestinal core rhythm protein clock circadian regulator (CLOCK), nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (REV-ERBα), Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Small heterodimer partner (SHP), and Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) expressions. We analyzed the bile acid and intestinal flora profile in the mice intestine tissues by BA-targeted metabolomics detection and high-throughput sequencing. \u0000Results: Rhythmic chaos affected lipid metabolism and lipid accumulation in mice liver and intestine, and diurnal fluctuations of plasma triglycerides (TGs) were absent in normal-feeding DKO mice. The normal circadian fluctuations of the CLOCK and REV-ERBα observed in wild mice disappeared (normal diet) or were reversed (high-fat diet) in DKO mice. In WT mice intestine, total BA and conjugated BA were affected by circadian rhythm under both normal and high-fat diets, while these circadian fluctuations disappeared in DKO mice. Unconjugated BA seemed to be affected exclusively by diet (significantly increased in the high-fat group) without obvious fluctuations associated with circadian rhythm. Correlation analysis showed that the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA was positively correlated with the presence of Bacteroidetes and displayed a circadian rhythm. The expression levels of BA receptor pathway protein FXR, SHP, and FGF15 were affected by the ratio of conjugated/unconjugated BA. \u0000Conclusion: Bacteroidetes-related diurnal changes to intestinal ratios of conjugated/unconjugated BA have the potential to regulate diurnal fluctuations in liver BA synthesis via FXR-FGF15. The inverted intestinal circadian rhythm observed in DKO mice fed with a high-fat diet may be an important reason for their abnormal circadian plasma TG rhythms and their susceptibility to lipid metabolism disorders. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128819278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeong‐Moon Yun, Jae-Doo Jung, Seong-Hoo Park, Young-Ha Seo, Jae Kyoung Lee, M. Bae, Sangwon Eun, O. Kim, Jeongmin Lee
Background: Obesity, abnormal fat accumulation in the adipose tissue, has become a serious global public health problem as it increases an individual’s risk of developing various diseases. Objective: This study sought to determine whether the extract from sunflower seed (SUNCA) prevents the development of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed with AIN93G normal diet (Normal diet), 60% HFD, HFD containing Catechin 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) (Catechin), HFD containing SUNCA 25 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 25), HFD containing SUNCA 50 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 50), or HFD containing SUNCA 100 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 100) for 15 weeks. Results: Body weight gain, food efficiency rate, adipose tissue weight, adipose tissue mass, size of adipocytes, and serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein (VLDL/LDL)-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly decreased by SUNCA supplementation in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, SUNCA supplementation decreased the expression of proteins related to the adipogenesis and lipogenesis pathways and increased the expression of proteins related to the lipolysis and thermogenesis pathways in the adipose tissues of HFD-induced obese mice. Conclusions: Altogether, SUNCA might prevent obesity by suppressing the adipogenesis/lipogenesis pathway and stimulating the lipolysis/thermogenesis pathway in HFD-induced obese mice.
{"title":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed extract suppresses the lipogenesis pathway and stimulates the lipolysis pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice","authors":"Jeong‐Moon Yun, Jae-Doo Jung, Seong-Hoo Park, Young-Ha Seo, Jae Kyoung Lee, M. Bae, Sangwon Eun, O. Kim, Jeongmin Lee","doi":"10.29219/fnr.v66.8587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v66.8587","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity, abnormal fat accumulation in the adipose tissue, has become a serious global public health problem as it increases an individual’s risk of developing various diseases. \u0000Objective: This study sought to determine whether the extract from sunflower seed (SUNCA) prevents the development of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. \u0000Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed with AIN93G normal diet (Normal diet), 60% HFD, HFD containing Catechin 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) (Catechin), HFD containing SUNCA 25 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 25), HFD containing SUNCA 50 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 50), or HFD containing SUNCA 100 mg/kg b.w. (SUNCA 100) for 15 weeks. \u0000Results: Body weight gain, food efficiency rate, adipose tissue weight, adipose tissue mass, size of adipocytes, and serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein (VLDL/LDL)-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly decreased by SUNCA supplementation in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, SUNCA supplementation decreased the expression of proteins related to the adipogenesis and lipogenesis pathways and increased the expression of proteins related to the lipolysis and thermogenesis pathways in the adipose tissues of HFD-induced obese mice. \u0000Conclusions: Altogether, SUNCA might prevent obesity by suppressing the adipogenesis/lipogenesis pathway and stimulating the lipolysis/thermogenesis pathway in HFD-induced obese mice.","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121253142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-442943/V1
I. Agdeppa, Taro Nakamura, Mayu Sugita, Marvin B Toledo, Pamela Castillo Sampaga, J. A. T. Zamora
Background: The study evaluated the relationship of the usual nutrient intake and protein adequacy to the prevalence of child malnutrition. Methods: Data were derived from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey. A total of 6,565 children aged 6-12 years across all the 17 regions that participated in the survey were analyzed. Two (2) non-consecutive day 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) were collected to estimate the individual food intake. PC-SIDE version 1.0 software (Software for Intake Distribution Estimation) was used to estimate the usual intake of energy and key nutrients accounting for between - and within-person differences in dietary intake. The 2007 WHO Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) method was used to measure the protein quality or the utilizable protein intake. Results: School-aged children were found to have lower dietary intake of utilizable protein than total protein. Higher consumption of grains and meat decreased the prevalence of stunting. Furthermore, linear growth of children was found to be associated with the dietary intake of several nutrients including utilizable protein, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D. The prevalence of stunting and underweight significantly decreased with a higher consumption of utilizable protein. Milk consumption decreased the prevalence of underweight. The prevalence of underweight also decreases with a higher dietary consumption of calcium, riboflavin and vitamin C. Higher consumption of grains also decreased the prevalence of underweight and wasting. A decreased prevalence of wasting was also found with higher dietary consumption of riboflavin, thiamine and fiber. On the contrary, higher consumption of meat, milk and grains increased the prevalence of obesity. In particular, higher dietary consumption of utilizable protein and vitamin C increased the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions: Even though the dietary total protein intake of school-aged children is considered adequate, the existence of malnutrition among children may be specifically attributed to quality of protein consumed. Therefore, the study suggests that nutrition interventions and policies focusing on child malnutrition should improve not just the quantity, but the quality of protein sources consumed by children to aid in proper growth and development.
背景:该研究评估了通常的营养摄入和蛋白质充足性与儿童营养不良发生率的关系。方法:数据来源于2013年菲律宾国家营养调查。参与调查的17个地区共有6565名6-12岁的儿童接受了分析。收集了两(2)个非连续的24小时饮食回忆(24hR)来估计个体的食物摄入量。采用PC-SIDE 1.0版软件(software for Intake Distribution Estimation)，根据膳食摄入量的人与人之间的差异，估算日常能量和关键营养素的摄入量。采用2007年WHO蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分(PDCAAS)法测定蛋白质质量或可利用蛋白质摄入量。结果:学龄儿童的可利用蛋白质摄入量低于总蛋白质摄入量。谷物和肉类的高消费量降低了发育迟缓的患病率。此外，发现儿童的线性生长与膳食中几种营养素的摄入有关，包括可利用蛋白质、钙、维生素B12、维生素C和维生素d。随着可利用蛋白质摄入量的增加，发育迟缓和体重不足的发生率显著降低。牛奶的摄入降低了体重不足的发生率。随着饮食中钙、核黄素和维生素c摄入量的增加，体重不足的发生率也会降低。谷物摄入量的增加也会降低体重不足和消瘦的发生率。饮食中摄入较多的核黄素、硫胺素和纤维，也会降低消瘦的发生率。相反，肉类、牛奶和谷物的高消费量增加了肥胖的患病率。特别是，较高的可利用蛋白质和维生素C的饮食消耗增加了肥胖的患病率。结论:尽管学龄儿童的膳食总蛋白质摄入量被认为是足够的，但儿童营养不良的存在可能特别归因于所摄入的蛋白质质量。因此，该研究表明，关注儿童营养不良的营养干预措施和政策不仅应该提高儿童摄入蛋白质来源的数量，还应该提高其质量，以帮助儿童正常生长和发育。
{"title":"Dietary Risk Factors of Physical Growth of Filipino School-aged Children","authors":"I. Agdeppa, Taro Nakamura, Mayu Sugita, Marvin B Toledo, Pamela Castillo Sampaga, J. A. T. Zamora","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-442943/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-442943/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The study evaluated the relationship of the usual nutrient intake and protein adequacy to the prevalence of child malnutrition. Methods: Data were derived from the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey. A total of 6,565 children aged 6-12 years across all the 17 regions that participated in the survey were analyzed. Two (2) non-consecutive day 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) were collected to estimate the individual food intake. PC-SIDE version 1.0 software (Software for Intake Distribution Estimation) was used to estimate the usual intake of energy and key nutrients accounting for between - and within-person differences in dietary intake. The 2007 WHO Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) method was used to measure the protein quality or the utilizable protein intake. Results: School-aged children were found to have lower dietary intake of utilizable protein than total protein. Higher consumption of grains and meat decreased the prevalence of stunting. Furthermore, linear growth of children was found to be associated with the dietary intake of several nutrients including utilizable protein, calcium, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D. The prevalence of stunting and underweight significantly decreased with a higher consumption of utilizable protein. Milk consumption decreased the prevalence of underweight. The prevalence of underweight also decreases with a higher dietary consumption of calcium, riboflavin and vitamin C. Higher consumption of grains also decreased the prevalence of underweight and wasting. A decreased prevalence of wasting was also found with higher dietary consumption of riboflavin, thiamine and fiber. On the contrary, higher consumption of meat, milk and grains increased the prevalence of obesity. In particular, higher dietary consumption of utilizable protein and vitamin C increased the prevalence of obesity. Conclusions: Even though the dietary total protein intake of school-aged children is considered adequate, the existence of malnutrition among children may be specifically attributed to quality of protein consumed. Therefore, the study suggests that nutrition interventions and policies focusing on child malnutrition should improve not just the quantity, but the quality of protein sources consumed by children to aid in proper growth and development.","PeriodicalId":149344,"journal":{"name":"Food & Nutrition Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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