Salako Oluwaseun Adewale Sodeinde Victor Oluwaseyi
The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the delivery of curricula in Nigerian tertiary institutions is thoroughly examined in this article. Technology’s fast evolution has made it more common for educational settings to use ICT technologies, which presents both many opportunities and difficulties for developing and delivering curricula. This study used a systematic Literature review as part of its research approach, which also included pertinent reports, academic publications, research papers, and a structured questionnaire. According to the findings, ICT has had a substantial impact on how the curriculum is delivered at tertiary institutions in Nigeria, leading to noticeable changes in teaching strategies, student learning environments, and educational outcomes as a whole, but has certain challenges like poor infrastructural development, low level of literacy among others, however, the study recommended that Tertiary institutions in Nigeria should embrace ICT in curriculum delivery, the government should fund ICT education facilities in Nigerian Tertiary institutions.
{"title":"Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Curriculum Delivery in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria","authors":"Salako Oluwaseun Adewale Sodeinde Victor Oluwaseyi","doi":"10.47752/sjss.72.15.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.72.15.20","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the delivery of curricula in Nigerian tertiary institutions is thoroughly examined in this article. Technology’s fast evolution has made it more common for educational settings to use ICT technologies, which presents both many opportunities and difficulties for developing and delivering curricula. This study used a systematic Literature review as part of its research approach, which also included pertinent reports, academic publications, research papers, and a structured questionnaire. According to the findings, ICT has had a substantial impact on how the curriculum is delivered at tertiary institutions in Nigeria, leading to noticeable changes in teaching strategies, student learning environments, and educational outcomes as a whole, but has certain challenges like poor infrastructural development, low level of literacy among others, however, the study recommended that Tertiary institutions in Nigeria should embrace ICT in curriculum delivery, the government should fund ICT education facilities in Nigerian Tertiary institutions.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aslihan Onder Feride Bahar Isin, Kumru Didem Atalay
The effect of service quality elements that change with the epidemic on the fear of the epidemic and fear of covid 19 on hotel preferences has been examined in the study. Data were collected from 404 participants. According exploratory factor analysis results three main dimensions are determined namely contact, contagion and food & service. The model was tested using the structural equation model. As a result of the SEM analysis, participants attach great importance to the contagion dimension. No significant relationship was found between the hotel preference elements, contact and food-service, and the fear of Covid-19. Another important finding of the study is that fear of Covid-19 has a negative and significant effect on hotel preference intention.
{"title":"Hotel Preferences of Customers in the Lens of Fear of Covid-19","authors":"Aslihan Onder Feride Bahar Isin, Kumru Didem Atalay","doi":"10.47752/sjss.63.43.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.63.43.53","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of service quality elements that change with the epidemic on the fear of the epidemic and fear of covid 19 on hotel preferences has been examined in the study. Data were collected from 404 participants. According exploratory factor analysis results three main dimensions are determined namely contact, contagion and food & service. The model was tested using the structural equation model. As a result of the SEM analysis, participants attach great importance to the contagion dimension. No significant relationship was found between the hotel preference elements, contact and food-service, and the fear of Covid-19. Another important finding of the study is that fear of Covid-19 has a negative and significant effect on hotel preference intention.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121756461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhou-Yi (The Book of Changes) is an ancient Chinese learning. This book is composed of the so-called Eight Diagrams symbol system. This symbol system consists of (0) and (1), modern binary arithmetic and its homology. It is the “language system” used by ancient Chinese ancestors to recognize and create everything. This paper expounds the generating principle and rules of this symbol system, and analyzes the thoughts of the Book of Changes. At the same time, we appeal to the use of creative education in schools.
{"title":"The Generating Principle of “Symbolic Language” in the Book of Changes","authors":"Yixiang Wang","doi":"10.47752/sjss.62.33.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.62.33.42","url":null,"abstract":"Zhou-Yi (The Book of Changes) is an ancient Chinese learning. This book is composed of the so-called Eight Diagrams symbol system. This symbol system consists of (0) and (1), modern binary arithmetic and its homology. It is the “language system” used by ancient Chinese ancestors to recognize and create everything. This paper expounds the generating principle and rules of this symbol system, and analyzes the thoughts of the Book of Changes. At the same time, we appeal to the use of creative education in schools.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133694897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Almutarie, Manal Y. Alduaij, Mariam A. Alterkait
The Covid-19 pandemic has witnessed the emergence of a new and vital dimension in digital government service – a way of dealing with the outbreak and keeping citizens a s safe as possible. However, it is important to know what citizens themselves think about the applications they have to use. This paper explores Saudi citizens’ attitudes and experiences with the Saudi government’s smart app Tawakkalna, which provides these services, as expressed on the Twitter hashtag # Tawakkalna. A random sample of 766 tweets were analysed during the period 31. 3. 20 to 26.3.21using a theoretical framework comprising the social constructionist approach, the third electronic wave theory and the Information Systems Success model. The analysis showed that Saudis were largely positive about the services provided and that any negative comments were to do with technical difficulties encountered. The government and other private institutions had a major role in persuading citizens to adopt the app, although influential individuals also had an impact. The study confirmed Twitter as an ideal platform for measuring Saudi public opinion.
{"title":"The Role of Electronic Applications in Transitioning and Developing the Performance of Digital Government Services: Tawakkalna Application for Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Almutarie, Manal Y. Alduaij, Mariam A. Alterkait","doi":"10.47752/sjss.62.20.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.62.20.32","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has witnessed the emergence of a new and vital dimension in digital government service – a way of dealing with the outbreak and keeping citizens a s safe as possible. However, it is important to know what citizens themselves think about the applications they have to use. This paper explores Saudi citizens’ attitudes and experiences with the Saudi government’s smart app Tawakkalna, which provides these services, as expressed on the Twitter hashtag # Tawakkalna. A random sample of 766 tweets were analysed during the period 31. 3. 20 to 26.3.21using a theoretical framework comprising the social constructionist approach, the third electronic wave theory and the Information Systems Success model. The analysis showed that Saudis were largely positive about the services provided and that any negative comments were to do with technical difficulties encountered. The government and other private institutions had a major role in persuading citizens to adopt the app, although influential individuals also had an impact. The study confirmed Twitter as an ideal platform for measuring Saudi public opinion.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132298478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explores the rates and trends of students’ indulgence in excessive or high-risk drinking behaviors on college campuses in the United States. Some of its intents are to assess the prevalence of binge drinking among college students, its effects on the involved drinkers and nondrinkers, identify some of the risk factors associated with binge drinking, and then present mitigating strategies to reduce its incidents. The study found that those who are more predisposed to engage in binge drinking are those with low efficacy to refuse excessive alcohol drinking and those who have low importance of religion. Others include those with a family history of alcoholism, have membership in fraternity/ sorority and poor academic success, and have peers who use alcohol. Among the negative consequences and effects on those who engage in binge drinking identified include falling victim to alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape; drunk driving, high suicide rate, and indulgence in negative acts and behaviors such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism. This investigation concludes with its identification of mitigation strategies and measures necessary to prevent or reduce the high incidents of binge drinking among college students that include raising public awareness using media campaigns on related harms and preventive measures; institution and enforcement of strict campus alcohol policy; banning or restricting alcohol sales near college campuses, in dormitories and during college campus events; training beer and beverage servers on signs and symptoms of overdrinking to take precautionary actions such as denying, suspending or cutting off alcohol services once high-risk behaviors associated with overdrinking is dictated or observed. With the proper and meticulous implementation and enforcement of the above measures, the high incidents of binge drinking among college students in the United States will be drastically, greatly, and significantly reduced.
{"title":"Binge Drinking Among College Students: Trends, Consequences and Possible Solutions","authors":"N. Kamalu","doi":"10.47752/sjss.61.11.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.61.11.19","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the rates and trends of students’ indulgence in excessive or high-risk drinking behaviors on college campuses in the United States. Some of its intents are to assess the prevalence of binge drinking among college students, its effects on the involved drinkers and nondrinkers, identify some of the risk factors associated with binge drinking, and then present mitigating strategies to reduce its incidents. The study found that those who are more predisposed to engage in binge drinking are those with low efficacy to refuse excessive alcohol drinking and those who have low importance of religion. Others include those with a family history of alcoholism, have membership in fraternity/ sorority and poor academic success, and have peers who use alcohol. Among the negative consequences and effects on those who engage in binge drinking identified include falling victim to alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape; drunk driving, high suicide rate, and indulgence in negative acts and behaviors such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism. This investigation concludes with its identification of mitigation strategies and measures necessary to prevent or reduce the high incidents of binge drinking among college students that include raising public awareness using media campaigns on related harms and preventive measures; institution and enforcement of strict campus alcohol policy; banning or restricting alcohol sales near college campuses, in dormitories and during college campus events; training beer and beverage servers on signs and symptoms of overdrinking to take precautionary actions such as denying, suspending or cutting off alcohol services once high-risk behaviors associated with overdrinking is dictated or observed. With the proper and meticulous implementation and enforcement of the above measures, the high incidents of binge drinking among college students in the United States will be drastically, greatly, and significantly reduced.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131778782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
First, nonlinear sociophysics and the nonlinear whole sociology are researched, which have chaos, fractal, etc. Second, quantum sociology is discussed. We propose that its bases are the extensive quantum theory and the social individual-wave duality. Third, we research the double solutions of some nonlinear equations with soliton and chaos, and the possible social meaning of chaos. On the one hand, chaos may correspond to the spread of ideas, the popularization of information, etc. On the other hand, it corresponds to the economic crisis and various social crises, etc. Fourth, chaos in corruption is discussed by mathematics. Fifth, we propose the multiply connected topological economics, in which the confidence relations and the influence functions represent various interacting strengths of different families, cliques, and systems of organization. This has a fractal structure. We propose the binary periods of the political economy by the complex function and the elliptic functions. Various applications of the mathematical and physical method are the important developing direction of modern social sciences.
{"title":"Nonlinear Sociophysics, Quantum Sociology, and Multiply Connected Topological Economics","authors":"Yi-Fang Chang","doi":"10.47752/sjss.61.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.61.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"First, nonlinear sociophysics and the nonlinear whole sociology are researched, which have chaos, fractal, etc. Second, quantum sociology is discussed. We propose that its bases are the extensive quantum theory and the social individual-wave duality. Third, we research the double solutions of some nonlinear equations with soliton and chaos, and the possible social meaning of chaos. On the one hand, chaos may correspond to the spread of ideas, the popularization of information, etc. On the other hand, it corresponds to the economic crisis and various social crises, etc. Fourth, chaos in corruption is discussed by mathematics. Fifth, we propose the multiply connected topological economics, in which the confidence relations and the influence functions represent various interacting strengths of different families, cliques, and systems of organization. This has a fractal structure. We propose the binary periods of the political economy by the complex function and the elliptic functions. Various applications of the mathematical and physical method are the important developing direction of modern social sciences.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125414139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global experience with sustainable peacebuilding has been diverse since the term was formally introduced to the world by the United Nations in 1992. Since then, peacebuilding has been implemented in the absence of a universally accepted approach or clear criteria for success. Multiple actors have conceptualized and implemented peacebuilding to correspond with their contexts and needs. This is true for Kenya and Mombasa County, in particular. Mombasa Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees have been conducting peacebuilding in the County, against the backdrop of old conflict drivers such as poverty and resource-based conflict, and emerging threats to peace such as drug trafficking and youth radicalization. Therefore, the ability of the Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees to foster sustainable peacebuilding in these circumstances needs to be interrogated. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the policy framework of the formal peacebuilding infrastructure in fostering sustainable peacebuilding. The conceptual framework was based on Galtung’s Theory of Peacebuilding, Galtung’s Theory of Structural Violence, and Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and applied both convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews (KII), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides and observation checklists. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analysis. The study findings indicated that Mombasa County Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees are experiencing diminished agency because of a lack of resources to carry out peacebuilding work in the County. Those members of the Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees were not competent to undertake modern-day peacebuilding activities because of inadequate training. Therefore; the study recommends that the idea of peacebuilding through local peacebuilding structures such as Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees be a priority in Kenya’s peacebuilding discourse with some modifications in the formation and functioning of Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees. The Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees should be de-linked from the county security processes and positioned as the “Honest Brokers for Peacebuilding”, whose primary responsibility will be to harness all available resources in their locality to bear on their peacebuilding agenda. The national government should educate the public about peacebuilding and the role that Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees are expected to play in this agenda.
{"title":"Influence of the Kenya National Policy on Peacebuilding and Conflict Management Framework on the Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees in Mombasa County","authors":"Odallo D. O., Okoth P. G., Were M. E.","doi":"10.47752/sjss.54.86.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.54.86.102","url":null,"abstract":"Global experience with sustainable peacebuilding has been diverse since the term was formally introduced to the world by the United Nations in 1992. Since then, peacebuilding has been implemented in the absence of a universally accepted approach or clear criteria for success. Multiple actors have conceptualized and implemented peacebuilding to correspond with their contexts and needs. This is true for Kenya and Mombasa County, in particular. Mombasa Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees have been conducting peacebuilding in the County, against the backdrop of old conflict drivers such as poverty and resource-based conflict, and emerging threats to peace such as drug trafficking and youth radicalization. Therefore, the ability of the Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees to foster sustainable peacebuilding in these circumstances needs to be interrogated. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of the policy framework of the formal peacebuilding infrastructure in fostering sustainable peacebuilding. The conceptual framework was based on Galtung’s Theory of Peacebuilding, Galtung’s Theory of Structural Violence, and Lederach’s Conflict Transformation Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and applied both convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews (KII), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) guides and observation checklists. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data analysis. The study findings indicated that Mombasa County Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees are experiencing diminished agency because of a lack of resources to carry out peacebuilding work in the County. Those members of the Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees were not competent to undertake modern-day peacebuilding activities because of inadequate training. Therefore; the study recommends that the idea of peacebuilding through local peacebuilding structures such as Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees be a priority in Kenya’s peacebuilding discourse with some modifications in the formation and functioning of Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees. The Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees should be de-linked from the county security processes and positioned as the “Honest Brokers for Peacebuilding”, whose primary responsibility will be to harness all available resources in their locality to bear on their peacebuilding agenda. The national government should educate the public about peacebuilding and the role that Sub-County Peacebuilding Committees are expected to play in this agenda.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125209250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.47752/sjss.54.103.118
Lusiola A. O., Matanga K. F., Simiyu R.
By the end of 2019, the UNHCR estimated that 42.5 million people had been displaced around the world. As a result, short- and long-term effects were felt in host communities, from humanitarian disasters to security threats. This study conceptualizes that the refugee issue and human security are inextricably linked. The statement of the problem was to bridge the knowledge gap by assessing the influence of the protracted refugee crisis on human security. Therefore, the goal of this research was to assess the nature and scope of the protracted refugee crisis in Kenya with specific reference to Garissa County. The New Security Paradigm and Critical Theory guided this research. A descriptive survey research design was used with a study sample comprising 339 household heads including refugees’ and community household heads, UN Refugee Agency staff, NGO officials, and County and National Government officials. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Secondary data was gathered from textbooks, newspapers, periodicals, and articles. Quantitative data was coded and put into SPSS Version 21.0, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson Correlation, Spearman Rank Correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze it. Qualitative data was analyzed based on the content matter of the responses. The study found that a variety of factors contributed to the long-running refugee issue. Civil conflict, lawlessness, high crime rates, and the search for greener pastures are among them. A positive and statistically significant link existed between prolonged refugee crises and refugee crises (r=0.885, p0.01). The study concludes that the main reasons for the refugee crisis in Kenya are push factors from their home countries, such as civil war, lawlessness, and high crime rates. The study recommends a need for measures aimed at reining in on the protracted refugee crisis and also enhancement of human security which can be achieved via funding to deal with deplorable living conditions in refugee camps.
据联合国难民署估计，截至2019年底，全球有4250万人流离失所。因此，从人道主义灾难到安全威胁，收容社区都感受到了短期和长期的影响。这项研究概念化了难民问题和人类安全是密不可分的联系。问题的陈述是通过评估旷日持久的难民危机对人类安全的影响来弥合知识差距。因此，本研究的目的是评估肯尼亚旷日持久的难民危机的性质和范围，具体涉及加里萨县。新安全范式和批判理论是本研究的指导思想。采用描述性调查研究设计，研究样本包括339户户主，包括难民和社区户主、联合国难民署工作人员、非政府组织官员、县和国家政府官员。主要数据收集采用结构化问卷调查和访谈时间表。次要资料收集自教科书、报纸、期刊和文章。对定量数据进行编码，放入SPSS Version 21.0中，采用Pearson Correlation、Spearman Rank Correlation、多元回归分析等描述性统计和推断性统计进行分析。根据回答的内容对定性数据进行分析。该研究发现，各种因素导致了长期存在的难民问题。其中包括国内冲突、无法无天、高犯罪率以及寻找更好的发展空间。长期难民危机与难民危机之间存在统计学上显著的正相关(r=0.885, p0.01)。该研究得出的结论是，肯尼亚难民危机的主要原因是来自本国的推动因素，如内战、无法无天和高犯罪率。该研究报告建议有必要采取措施，以控制旷日持久的难民危机，并加强人的安全，这可以通过为难民营恶劣的生活条件提供资金来实现。
{"title":"The Nature and Scope of Protracted Refugee Crisis in Kenya with Specific Reference to Garissa County","authors":"Lusiola A. O., Matanga K. F., Simiyu R.","doi":"10.47752/sjss.54.103.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.54.103.118","url":null,"abstract":"By the end of 2019, the UNHCR estimated that 42.5 million people had been displaced around the world. As a result, short- and long-term effects were felt in host communities, from humanitarian disasters to security threats. This study conceptualizes that the refugee issue and human security are inextricably linked. The statement of the problem was to bridge the knowledge gap by assessing the influence of the protracted refugee crisis on human security. Therefore, the goal of this research was to assess the nature and scope of the protracted refugee crisis in Kenya with specific reference to Garissa County. The New Security Paradigm and Critical Theory guided this research. A descriptive survey research design was used with a study sample comprising 339 household heads including refugees’ and community household heads, UN Refugee Agency staff, NGO officials, and County and National Government officials. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. Secondary data was gathered from textbooks, newspapers, periodicals, and articles. Quantitative data was coded and put into SPSS Version 21.0, and descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson Correlation, Spearman Rank Correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze it. Qualitative data was analyzed based on the content matter of the responses. The study found that a variety of factors contributed to the long-running refugee issue. Civil conflict, lawlessness, high crime rates, and the search for greener pastures are among them. A positive and statistically significant link existed between prolonged refugee crises and refugee crises (r=0.885, p0.01). The study concludes that the main reasons for the refugee crisis in Kenya are push factors from their home countries, such as civil war, lawlessness, and high crime rates. The study recommends a need for measures aimed at reining in on the protracted refugee crisis and also enhancement of human security which can be achieved via funding to deal with deplorable living conditions in refugee camps.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134647668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elijah Mwasi Mwanyika, Prof. Pontian Godfrey Okoth, Prof. Edmond Maloba Were
The world over, Peace Agreements remain the most frequently used means of ending conflict. For more than five decades, the Southern part of Sudan (now South Sudan) has been plagued by armed conflict, despite numerous conflict resolution efforts by both regional, international state and Non-State Actors. The study evaluates the influence of architectural design of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCISS 201 and the 2018 Revitalised-Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan, (R-ARCISS 2018) on Security Sector Reforms (SSRs). The study was anchored on John Paul Lederach’s peace-building theory, social constructivism, Arnstein’s ladder of Citizen participation and securitisation theory. The study primarily adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, with correlational and explanatory research elements. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Questionnaires, Content Analysis Guides, and focus Group discussions were also used. Target population was former and current members of armed groups in South Sudan. Snowball sampling was used to identify the respondents that were surveyed. Key informants were purposively sampled based on the individuals that could provide the most comprehensive information on the variables of interest to the study. For explanation and clarification, data from the study were presented using descriptive statistics such as tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and percentages, as well as inferential statistics. Findings indicated that the designs of both Peace Agreements are weak. As far as the process is concerned, weaknesses appear primarily where there were a limited number of mechanisms to address impediments to the agreement, little agreement on the ownership of natural resources, inadequate modalities of navigating the interests of external actors, and poor handling of differing political interests. It is recommended that a new process for a strong peace agreement be initiated, and that it should be preceded by rigorous baseline surveys so as to address some of the contentious root causes of the conflict such as negative ethnicity and militarisation along ethnic lines.
{"title":"Influence of Architectural Design of Arciss 2015 and R-Arciss 2018 Peace Agreements on Security Sector Reforms","authors":"Elijah Mwasi Mwanyika, Prof. Pontian Godfrey Okoth, Prof. Edmond Maloba Were","doi":"10.47752/sjss.54.71.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.54.71.85","url":null,"abstract":"The world over, Peace Agreements remain the most frequently used means of ending conflict. For more than five decades, the Southern part of Sudan (now South Sudan) has been plagued by armed conflict, despite numerous conflict resolution efforts by both regional, international state and Non-State Actors. The study evaluates the influence of architectural design of the 2015 Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan (ARCISS 201 and the 2018 Revitalised-Agreement on the Resolution of Conflict in South Sudan, (R-ARCISS 2018) on Security Sector Reforms (SSRs). The study was anchored on John Paul Lederach’s peace-building theory, social constructivism, Arnstein’s ladder of Citizen participation and securitisation theory. The study primarily adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design, with correlational and explanatory research elements. Quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Questionnaires, Content Analysis Guides, and focus Group discussions were also used. Target population was former and current members of armed groups in South Sudan. Snowball sampling was used to identify the respondents that were surveyed. Key informants were purposively sampled based on the individuals that could provide the most comprehensive information on the variables of interest to the study. For explanation and clarification, data from the study were presented using descriptive statistics such as tables, pie charts, bar graphs, and percentages, as well as inferential statistics. Findings indicated that the designs of both Peace Agreements are weak. As far as the process is concerned, weaknesses appear primarily where there were a limited number of mechanisms to address impediments to the agreement, little agreement on the ownership of natural resources, inadequate modalities of navigating the interests of external actors, and poor handling of differing political interests. It is recommended that a new process for a strong peace agreement be initiated, and that it should be preceded by rigorous baseline surveys so as to address some of the contentious root causes of the conflict such as negative ethnicity and militarisation along ethnic lines.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past three years, people have suffered from unimaginable psychological stress and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. These stresses and anxieties stem from the threat that COVID-19 poses to people’s health and lives, as well as the negative impact of the government’s lockdown and quarantine policies on social economy and development. All these factors may put people in a state of stress and anxiety for a long time. However, any perceived stress can trigger the individual’s self-defense mechanism. To reduce anxiety from the epidemic, the automatic psychological processes are involuntarily activated, and the defense mechanisms are at work. This paper examines the performance of defense mechanisms during the epidemic based on news reports and the theory of defense mechanisms and illustrates the practical role and significance of understanding defense mechanisms for the public. Additionally, this paper also takes into account the potential cultural features of defensive systems.
{"title":"The Values and Cultural Characteristics of Defense Mechanisms in the COVID-19 Epidemic","authors":"Mo Wang","doi":"10.47752/sjss.53.59.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47752/sjss.53.59.70","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past three years, people have suffered from unimaginable psychological stress and anxiety caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. These stresses and anxieties stem from the threat that COVID-19 poses to people’s health and lives, as well as the negative impact of the government’s lockdown and quarantine policies on social economy and development. All these factors may put people in a state of stress and anxiety for a long time. However, any perceived stress can trigger the individual’s self-defense mechanism. To reduce anxiety from the epidemic, the automatic psychological processes are involuntarily activated, and the defense mechanisms are at work. This paper examines the performance of defense mechanisms during the epidemic based on news reports and the theory of defense mechanisms and illustrates the practical role and significance of understanding defense mechanisms for the public. Additionally, this paper also takes into account the potential cultural features of defensive systems.","PeriodicalId":149636,"journal":{"name":"Sumerianz Journal of Social Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123529982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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