Pub Date : 2018-05-28DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00018
Almir Mehanovic, T. H. Rasmussen, M. Kjærgaard
The physically centralized nature of current building automation systems increases complexity and has limited scalability and fault tolerance. A building automation system which can scale to encompass a future Internet of things, needs an architecture which is decentralized from the lowest to the highest layers. We present Brume, a building operating system which logically provides the same kind of service oriented architecture as a modern building operating system, while physically it runs on the same fabric as a future Internet of Things; large numbers of small and heterogeneous devices. This enables Brume to be highly horizontally scalable and fault tolerant through means of redundancy, while also being secure and simple to operate. To verify the expected benefits and the applicability of the platform for building automation, a prototype is developed for a real building setup. A set of micro benchmarks are run against the prototype to evaluate various aspects of the design, and two cases are used to show the platforms ability to support real-time control of building equipment and supervisory control based on neural network-based predictions.
{"title":"Brume - A Horizontally Scalable and Fault Tolerant Building Operating System","authors":"Almir Mehanovic, T. H. Rasmussen, M. Kjærgaard","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00018","url":null,"abstract":"The physically centralized nature of current building automation systems increases complexity and has limited scalability and fault tolerance. A building automation system which can scale to encompass a future Internet of things, needs an architecture which is decentralized from the lowest to the highest layers. We present Brume, a building operating system which logically provides the same kind of service oriented architecture as a modern building operating system, while physically it runs on the same fabric as a future Internet of Things; large numbers of small and heterogeneous devices. This enables Brume to be highly horizontally scalable and fault tolerant through means of redundancy, while also being secure and simple to operate. To verify the expected benefits and the applicability of the platform for building automation, a prototype is developed for a real building setup. A set of micro benchmarks are run against the prototype to evaluate various aspects of the design, and two cases are used to show the platforms ability to support real-time control of building equipment and supervisory control based on neural network-based predictions.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00034
Chengjie Wu, Dolvara Gunatilaka, M. Sha, Chenyang Lu
With the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), process industries have started to adopt wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) for control applications. It is crucial to achieve real-time communication in this emerging class of networks, and routing has significant impacts on end-to-end communication delays in WSANs. However, despite considerable research on real-time transmission scheduling and delay analysis for such networks, real-time routing remains an open question for WSANs. This paper presents a conflict-aware real-time routing approach for WSANs, leveraging a key observation that conflicts among transmissions involving a common field device can contribute significantly to communication delays in industrial WSANs, such as WirelessHART networks. By incorporating conflict delays into the routing decisions, conflict-aware real-time routing algorithms allow a WSAN to accommodate more real- time flows while meeting their deadlines. Both evaluations based on simulations and experiments on a physical WSAN testbed show that conflict-aware real-time routing can lead to as much as a three-fold improvement in the real-time capacity of WSANs.
{"title":"Real-Time Wireless Routing for Industrial Internet of Things","authors":"Chengjie Wu, Dolvara Gunatilaka, M. Sha, Chenyang Lu","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00034","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), process industries have started to adopt wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) for control applications. It is crucial to achieve real-time communication in this emerging class of networks, and routing has significant impacts on end-to-end communication delays in WSANs. However, despite considerable research on real-time transmission scheduling and delay analysis for such networks, real-time routing remains an open question for WSANs. This paper presents a conflict-aware real-time routing approach for WSANs, leveraging a key observation that conflicts among transmissions involving a common field device can contribute significantly to communication delays in industrial WSANs, such as WirelessHART networks. By incorporating conflict delays into the routing decisions, conflict-aware real-time routing algorithms allow a WSAN to accommodate more real- time flows while meeting their deadlines. Both evaluations based on simulations and experiments on a physical WSAN testbed show that conflict-aware real-time routing can lead to as much as a three-fold improvement in the real-time capacity of WSANs.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114957807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00052
K. Lehmann, Andreas Freymann
During the last decade, more and more cities follow the trend towards smart cities caused by today's rising urbanization and its accompanying challenges such as rising traffic or air pollution. Thus, many cities use technical solutions to collect and store data from an installed sensor network and analyze it to provide useful information to several city fields. However, smart city solutions show shortcomings, especially in its applied technology with respect to missing flexibility caused by their complexities and sizes. This paper describes a demo of a flexible solution for smart cities addressing these challenges using a modular design, open standards and technologies.
{"title":"Demo Abstract: Smart Urban Services Platform a Flexible Solution for Smart Cities","authors":"K. Lehmann, Andreas Freymann","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00052","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade, more and more cities follow the trend towards smart cities caused by today's rising urbanization and its accompanying challenges such as rising traffic or air pollution. Thus, many cities use technical solutions to collect and store data from an installed sensor network and analyze it to provide useful information to several city fields. However, smart city solutions show shortcomings, especially in its applied technology with respect to missing flexibility caused by their complexities and sizes. This paper describes a demo of a flexible solution for smart cities addressing these challenges using a modular design, open standards and technologies.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"3 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128691313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00056
D. Godoy, S. Xia, Wendy P. Fernandez, Xiaofan Jiang, P. Kinget
The aim of this demo is to explore the implementation of an ultra-low-power analog-to-feature ASIC to an IoT embedded system. The custom integrated circuit, designed to optimize the power consumption of a traditional sound-source localization system, is capable of extracting the time-difference of arrival (TDoA) between 4 microphones consuming only 78.2nW. An end-to-end embedded system is presented; a microphone array is connected to the ASIC that converts the TDoA to digital information and sends it to a host computer. A machine-learning algorithm, running in the host, is then used to detect the bearing of the sound source. During the demonstration, the audience is able to verify the benefits and drawbacks of the custom integrated circuit solution, both in the perspective of the signal-processing performance of the ASIC, and the impact it introduces to the complexity of the system's integration.
{"title":"Demo Abstract: An Ultra-Low-Power Custom Integrated Circuit Based Sound-Source Localization System","authors":"D. Godoy, S. Xia, Wendy P. Fernandez, Xiaofan Jiang, P. Kinget","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00056","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this demo is to explore the implementation of an ultra-low-power analog-to-feature ASIC to an IoT embedded system. The custom integrated circuit, designed to optimize the power consumption of a traditional sound-source localization system, is capable of extracting the time-difference of arrival (TDoA) between 4 microphones consuming only 78.2nW. An end-to-end embedded system is presented; a microphone array is connected to the ASIC that converts the TDoA to digital information and sends it to a host computer. A machine-learning algorithm, running in the host, is then used to detect the bearing of the sound source. During the demonstration, the audience is able to verify the benefits and drawbacks of the custom integrated circuit solution, both in the perspective of the signal-processing performance of the ASIC, and the impact it introduces to the complexity of the system's integration.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130803460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00031
D. Godoy, Bashima Islam, S. Xia, Md Tamzeed Islam, Rishikanth Chandrasekaran, Yen-Chun Chen, S. Nirjon, P. Kinget, Xiaofan Jiang
With the prevalence of smartphones, pedestrians and joggers today often walk or run while listening to music. Since they are deprived of their auditory senses that would have provided important cues to dangers, they are at a much greater risk of being hit by cars or other vehicles. In this paper, we build a wearable system that uses multi-channel audio sensors embedded in a headset to help detect and locate cars from their honks, engine and tire noises, and warn pedestrians of imminent dangers of approaching cars. We demonstrate that using a segmented architecture and implementation consisting of headset-mounted audio sensors, a front-end hardware that performs signal processing and feature extraction, and machine learning based classification on a smartphone, we are able to provide early danger detection in real-time, from up to 60m distance, near 100% precision on the vehicle detection and alert the user with low latency.
{"title":"PAWS: A Wearable Acoustic System for Pedestrian Safety","authors":"D. Godoy, Bashima Islam, S. Xia, Md Tamzeed Islam, Rishikanth Chandrasekaran, Yen-Chun Chen, S. Nirjon, P. Kinget, Xiaofan Jiang","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00031","url":null,"abstract":"With the prevalence of smartphones, pedestrians and joggers today often walk or run while listening to music. Since they are deprived of their auditory senses that would have provided important cues to dangers, they are at a much greater risk of being hit by cars or other vehicles. In this paper, we build a wearable system that uses multi-channel audio sensors embedded in a headset to help detect and locate cars from their honks, engine and tire noises, and warn pedestrians of imminent dangers of approaching cars. We demonstrate that using a segmented architecture and implementation consisting of headset-mounted audio sensors, a front-end hardware that performs signal processing and feature extraction, and machine learning based classification on a smartphone, we are able to provide early danger detection in real-time, from up to 60m distance, near 100% precision on the vehicle detection and alert the user with low latency.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126105059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00040
Markus Jung, Florian Rosenthal, M. Zitterbart
In this work we introduce CoCPN-Sim, a simulation and evaluation framework for cyber-physical systems, which combines common modeling and simulation tool kits from both control engineering and networking.
{"title":"Poster Abstract: CoCPN-Sim: An Integrated Simulation Environment for Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Markus Jung, Florian Rosenthal, M. Zitterbart","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00040","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we introduce CoCPN-Sim, a simulation and evaluation framework for cyber-physical systems, which combines common modeling and simulation tool kits from both control engineering and networking.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131537950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00013
W. Young, J. Corbett, M. Gerber, S. Patek, Lu Feng
We present DAMON, a data authenticity monitoring system for use in an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system assembled to treat Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We describe the use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) for specifying and monitoring a range of system properties relevant to T1D treatment, including constraints on glycemic variability and insulin delivery. We perform retrospective analysis of posterior probabilities of multiple meal hypotheses to detect suspicious meal events. Using a corpus of clinical study data, we provide experimental results demonstrating the detection of system events indicative of compromised data authenticity.
{"title":"DAMON: A Data Authenticity Monitoring System for Diabetes Management","authors":"W. Young, J. Corbett, M. Gerber, S. Patek, Lu Feng","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00013","url":null,"abstract":"We present DAMON, a data authenticity monitoring system for use in an Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) system assembled to treat Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We describe the use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) for specifying and monitoring a range of system properties relevant to T1D treatment, including constraints on glycemic variability and insulin delivery. We perform retrospective analysis of posterior probabilities of multiple meal hypotheses to detect suspicious meal events. Using a corpus of clinical study data, we provide experimental results demonstrating the detection of system events indicative of compromised data authenticity.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132282806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00032
Holly Chiang, James Hong, Kevin Kiningham, Laurynas Riliskis, P. Levis, M. Horowitz
Careful resource monitoring is necessary to understand usage patterns and set conservation goals in an institutional setting. Sensor systems provide data to measure consumption and evaluate the effectiveness of active interventions. However, deploying sensing systems can be difficult when infrastructure support is limited. This paper describes the process of designing Tethys, a wireless water flow sensor that collects data at per-fixture granularity without dependence on existing infrastructure and trusted gateways. Rather than rely on electrical infrastructure, Tethys implements energy harvesting to allow for long term deployment. To avoid dependence on existing network infrastructure, Tethys crowdsources the data collection process to residents' smartphones acting as gateways. These gateways are untrusted and unreliable, so Tethys implements end-to-end reliability and security between the sensing device and a cloud backend. We present initial findings from a deployment in undergraduate residential halls. Our results demonstrate that Tethys can capture meaningful patterns in shower use. For instance, visible water conservation signs are statistically correlated with shorter mean shower length (p < 0:05) and are a potential area for future studies.
{"title":"Tethys: Collecting Sensor Data without Infrastracture or Trust","authors":"Holly Chiang, James Hong, Kevin Kiningham, Laurynas Riliskis, P. Levis, M. Horowitz","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Careful resource monitoring is necessary to understand usage patterns and set conservation goals in an institutional setting. Sensor systems provide data to measure consumption and evaluate the effectiveness of active interventions. However, deploying sensing systems can be difficult when infrastructure support is limited. This paper describes the process of designing Tethys, a wireless water flow sensor that collects data at per-fixture granularity without dependence on existing infrastructure and trusted gateways. Rather than rely on electrical infrastructure, Tethys implements energy harvesting to allow for long term deployment. To avoid dependence on existing network infrastructure, Tethys crowdsources the data collection process to residents' smartphones acting as gateways. These gateways are untrusted and unreliable, so Tethys implements end-to-end reliability and security between the sensing device and a cloud backend. We present initial findings from a deployment in undergraduate residential halls. Our results demonstrate that Tethys can capture meaningful patterns in shower use. For instance, visible water conservation signs are statistically correlated with shorter mean shower length (p < 0:05) and are a potential area for future studies.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122373731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00022
Xueying Yang, E. Karampatzakis, C. Doerr, F. Kuipers
LoRaWAN is a MAC-layer protocol for long-range low-power communication. Since its release in 2015, it has experienced a rapid adoption in the field of Internet-of-Things (IoT). However, given that LoRaWAN is fairly novel, its level of security has not been thoroughly analyzed, which is the main objective of this paper. We highlight the security features present in LoRaWAN, namely activation methods, key management, cryptography, counter management, and message acknowledgement. Subsequently, we discover and analyze several vulnerabilities of LoRaWAN. In particular, we design and describe 5 attacks: (1) a replay attack that leads to a selective denial-of-service on individual IoT devices, (2) plaintext recovery, (3) malicious message modification, (4) falsification of delivery reports, and (5) a battery exhaustion attack. As a proof-of-concept, the attacks are implemented and executed in a controlled LoRaWAN environment. Finally, we discuss how these attacks can be mitigated or protected against.
{"title":"Security Vulnerabilities in LoRaWAN","authors":"Xueying Yang, E. Karampatzakis, C. Doerr, F. Kuipers","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00022","url":null,"abstract":"LoRaWAN is a MAC-layer protocol for long-range low-power communication. Since its release in 2015, it has experienced a rapid adoption in the field of Internet-of-Things (IoT). However, given that LoRaWAN is fairly novel, its level of security has not been thoroughly analyzed, which is the main objective of this paper. We highlight the security features present in LoRaWAN, namely activation methods, key management, cryptography, counter management, and message acknowledgement. Subsequently, we discover and analyze several vulnerabilities of LoRaWAN. In particular, we design and describe 5 attacks: (1) a replay attack that leads to a selective denial-of-service on individual IoT devices, (2) plaintext recovery, (3) malicious message modification, (4) falsification of delivery reports, and (5) a battery exhaustion attack. As a proof-of-concept, the attacks are implemented and executed in a controlled LoRaWAN environment. Finally, we discuss how these attacks can be mitigated or protected against.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126950674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-17DOI: 10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00027
Bradford Campbell, Ye-Sheng Kuo, P. Dutta
The U.S. Federal Government and commercial partners have identified a critical gap in today's measurement technology—the ability to accurately, inexpensively, and wirelessly submeter building electricity usage at the circuit-level. Such metering technology would enable building owners, operators, and occupants to characterize and curtail electricity use in buildings—a major cost and source of carbon emissions today. Existing circuit-level metering systems are too costly to deploy, due to difficult installation or cumbersome calibration processes, too inaccurate, due to an inability to faithfully calculate power from synchronized current and voltage channels, or too unreliable, due to a strong dependence on a frequently lossy wireless channel. We propose Triumvi, a standalone, self-powered, non-contact, true-power metering system to help make circuit-level metering affordable, accurate, and reliable—in short, usable. In a splitcore current transformer form factor, Triumvi harvests energy to power itself, monitors current and voltage, calculates power, encrypts data, and wirelessly transmits the results. Our prototype can sustain a sample rate of nearly 0.5 Hz when the load draws at least 360 W and exhibits an average error of 4.3% over a load power draw range of 150-600 W. Triumvi also supports rapid installation, incremental upgrades, metering three phase and high current loads, charge sharing between between meters, and current waveform analysis, creating a highly flexible metering system capable of energy audits, industrial equipment monitoring, and many applications in-between.
{"title":"From Energy Audits to Monitoring Megawatt Loads: A Flexible and Deployable Power Metering System","authors":"Bradford Campbell, Ye-Sheng Kuo, P. Dutta","doi":"10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IoTDI.2018.00027","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Federal Government and commercial partners have identified a critical gap in today's measurement technology—the ability to accurately, inexpensively, and wirelessly submeter building electricity usage at the circuit-level. Such metering technology would enable building owners, operators, and occupants to characterize and curtail electricity use in buildings—a major cost and source of carbon emissions today. Existing circuit-level metering systems are too costly to deploy, due to difficult installation or cumbersome calibration processes, too inaccurate, due to an inability to faithfully calculate power from synchronized current and voltage channels, or too unreliable, due to a strong dependence on a frequently lossy wireless channel. We propose Triumvi, a standalone, self-powered, non-contact, true-power metering system to help make circuit-level metering affordable, accurate, and reliable—in short, usable. In a splitcore current transformer form factor, Triumvi harvests energy to power itself, monitors current and voltage, calculates power, encrypts data, and wirelessly transmits the results. Our prototype can sustain a sample rate of nearly 0.5 Hz when the load draws at least 360 W and exhibits an average error of 4.3% over a load power draw range of 150-600 W. Triumvi also supports rapid installation, incremental upgrades, metering three phase and high current loads, charge sharing between between meters, and current waveform analysis, creating a highly flexible metering system capable of energy audits, industrial equipment monitoring, and many applications in-between.","PeriodicalId":149725,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE/ACM Third International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and Implementation (IoTDI)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131605635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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