Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786399427.0059
R. Rodriguez, Alec S. Baird, S. Cho, Z. Gray, E. Groover, R. Harto, M. Hsieh, K. Malmberg, R. Manglona, M. Mercer, N. Nasman, T. Nicklason, M. Rienstra, A. V. Inwegen, A. Vanhooser, R. Redman
Abstract All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mutualistic fungal endophytes that can significantly improve plant fitness by enhancing root growth, fertility, nutrient acquisition and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. Recently, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies developed the product line BioEnsure® comprised of fungal endophytes that confer abiotic stress tolerance (drought, temperature, salinity) to food crops (www.adsymtech.com). These endophytes communicate similarly with monocots and eudicots to enhance crop production on marginal lands and mitigate the impacts of high daytime or nighttime temperatures on crop fertilization. Yield benefits in endophyte-colonized plants are remarkable and directly proportional to stress levels with average yield increases of 3-5% above control plants under low stress and >26% under high stress. The relationship between stress and yield enhancement was best exemplified in Rajasthan, India, where BioEnsure®-treated pearl millet and mung bean seeds were provided to 400 small landholding farmers. Under the hot, dry growing conditions that are typical in Rajasthan, the average yield increases were 29% for pearl millet and 64% for mung bean compared to untreated plants. This demonstrated the power of this technology to increase food security, animal fodder, carry-over seed and revenues. Interest in the USA is growing with BioEnsure®-treated seeds planted in 300,000 acres in 2017 and 900,000 acres in 2018, and >2,000,000 acres are projected for 2019.
{"title":"Mitigating climate impacts on crop production via symbiosis.","authors":"R. Rodriguez, Alec S. Baird, S. Cho, Z. Gray, E. Groover, R. Harto, M. Hsieh, K. Malmberg, R. Manglona, M. Mercer, N. Nasman, T. Nicklason, M. Rienstra, A. V. Inwegen, A. Vanhooser, R. Redman","doi":"10.1079/9781786399427.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786399427.0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mutualistic fungal endophytes that can significantly improve plant fitness by enhancing root growth, fertility, nutrient acquisition and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. Recently, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies developed the product line BioEnsure® comprised of fungal endophytes that confer abiotic stress tolerance (drought, temperature, salinity) to food crops (www.adsymtech.com). These endophytes communicate similarly with monocots and eudicots to enhance crop production on marginal lands and mitigate the impacts of high daytime or nighttime temperatures on crop fertilization. Yield benefits in endophyte-colonized plants are remarkable and directly proportional to stress levels with average yield increases of 3-5% above control plants under low stress and >26% under high stress. The relationship between stress and yield enhancement was best exemplified in Rajasthan, India, where BioEnsure®-treated pearl millet and mung bean seeds were provided to 400 small landholding farmers. Under the hot, dry growing conditions that are typical in Rajasthan, the average yield increases were 29% for pearl millet and 64% for mung bean compared to untreated plants. This demonstrated the power of this technology to increase food security, animal fodder, carry-over seed and revenues. Interest in the USA is growing with BioEnsure®-treated seeds planted in 300,000 acres in 2017 and 900,000 acres in 2018, and >2,000,000 acres are projected for 2019.","PeriodicalId":149927,"journal":{"name":"Endophyte biotechnology: potential for agriculture and pharmacology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132421143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1079/9781786399427.0068
A. Gange, A. F. Currie, J. Spong
Abstract Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous in nature and their potential for pest control in grassland systems is well understood. However, their role as novel pest control agents in herbaceous crops is far less clear. These fungi can be broadly split into two groups: unspecialized species (including saprotrophs and latent pathogens) and entomopathogens. The literature on the interactions of these fungi with herbivorous insects is biased towards studies in a few plant families and with a few insect species. This fact notwithstanding, we suggest that infection of plants by these fungi elicits dramatic chemical changes within their hosts, which have the potential to reduce insect and pathogen attack. However, the effects of fungal infection on insects are context-specific, being influenced by the identity of the insect and plant, the existing community of fungi within a plant, the habitat in which it is growing and the plant age. Unspecialized endophytes can reduce the performance of sucking insects, but effects are only seen when seeds are inoculated. This result may reflect poor experimental technique but corresponds well to fungal biology, as these endophytes can be transmitted through seeds from one plant generation to the next. Endophytic entomopathogens show more consistent detrimental effects on insects and plant pathogens and can even provide growth benefits in the absence of antagonists. We conclude that a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular changes elicited by endophytes in plants is required, so that these can be harnessed in future pest control strategies. Endophytes will not replace conventional pesticides in the near future, but could be incorporated into future integrated control programmes, thereby reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals.
{"title":"Endophytes as novel pest control agents: myth or reality?","authors":"A. Gange, A. F. Currie, J. Spong","doi":"10.1079/9781786399427.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781786399427.0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous in nature and their potential for pest control in grassland systems is well understood. However, their role as novel pest control agents in herbaceous crops is far less clear. These fungi can be broadly split into two groups: unspecialized species (including saprotrophs and latent pathogens) and entomopathogens. The literature on the interactions of these fungi with herbivorous insects is biased towards studies in a few plant families and with a few insect species. This fact notwithstanding, we suggest that infection of plants by these fungi elicits dramatic chemical changes within their hosts, which have the potential to reduce insect and pathogen attack. However, the effects of fungal infection on insects are context-specific, being influenced by the identity of the insect and plant, the existing community of fungi within a plant, the habitat in which it is growing and the plant age. Unspecialized endophytes can reduce the performance of sucking insects, but effects are only seen when seeds are inoculated. This result may reflect poor experimental technique but corresponds well to fungal biology, as these endophytes can be transmitted through seeds from one plant generation to the next. Endophytic entomopathogens show more consistent detrimental effects on insects and plant pathogens and can even provide growth benefits in the absence of antagonists. We conclude that a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular changes elicited by endophytes in plants is required, so that these can be harnessed in future pest control strategies. Endophytes will not replace conventional pesticides in the near future, but could be incorporated into future integrated control programmes, thereby reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals.","PeriodicalId":149927,"journal":{"name":"Endophyte biotechnology: potential for agriculture and pharmacology","volume":"427 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：