Since its first formal definition more than a decade ago, metabolomics, or, the comprehensive analysis of all metabolites present within a biological system, has attracted growing interest in clinical research by academia, industry and government labs. This is most prevalent in biomarker and drug development applications where a considerable change has been witnessed in how new diagnoses, prognoses, and therapeutic options are being discovered and developed using omic technologies. Moreover, many chronic diseases suggest a strong metabolic involvement or even a clear metabolic cause, including cancer. Together with the other omic disciplines, including genomics and proteomics, metabolomics plays a key role in the implementation of personalized medicine; evidence-based medicine designed for individually designed healthcare strategies. In turn, biomarker discovery and the understanding of biochemical pathways typically rely on a multimodal approach. Among these modalities, there continues to be a growing interest in CE-MS based development and implementation in clinical development.
{"title":"Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry based metabolomics","authors":"A. Buko","doi":"10.17145/JAB.17.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.17.002","url":null,"abstract":"Since its first formal definition more than a decade ago, metabolomics, or, the comprehensive analysis of all metabolites present within a biological system, has attracted growing interest in clinical research by academia, industry and government labs. This is most prevalent in biomarker and drug development applications where a considerable change has been witnessed in how new diagnoses, prognoses, and therapeutic options are being discovered and developed using omic technologies. Moreover, many chronic diseases suggest a strong metabolic involvement or even a clear metabolic cause, including cancer. Together with the other omic disciplines, including genomics and proteomics, metabolomics plays a key role in the implementation of personalized medicine; evidence-based medicine designed for individually designed healthcare strategies. In turn, biomarker discovery and the understanding of biochemical pathways typically rely on a multimodal approach. Among these modalities, there continues to be a growing interest in CE-MS based development and implementation in clinical development.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74861832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
year the opportunity to take a look back on the past year [1]. The Journal of Applied Bioanalysis celebrates it’s second anniversary with the publication of the third volume this year. The journal is an Open Access peer-reviewed journal that focusses on the publication of articles on all different aspects of Bioanalysis. The journal provides a platform for the publication of different types of scientific communications; including original research, critical reviews, short communications, expert opinion and other of latest relevant and significant developments in the bioanalysis discipline. The audience of the Journal of Applied Bioanalysis are scientists, bioanalytical chemists and technicians working in pharmaceutical sciences, clinical laboratories, therapeutic drug moni-toring, (clinical) toxicology, forensic sciences as well in sports doping and drugs of abuse analysis.
一年有机会回顾过去的一年[1]。《应用生物分析杂志》(Journal of Applied Bioanalysis)今年出版了第三卷，庆祝创刊两周年。该杂志是一本开放获取的同行评审期刊，专注于发表生物分析各个不同方面的文章。该杂志为发表不同类型的科学交流提供了一个平台;包括原创性研究、批判性评论、简短通讯、专家意见和其他生物分析学科的最新相关和重要发展。《应用生物分析杂志》的读者是从事制药科学、临床实验室、治疗药物监测、(临床)毒理学、法医学以及体育兴奋剂和滥用药物分析的科学家、生物分析化学家和技术人员。
{"title":"Welcome to the third volume of Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","authors":"R. Meesters","doi":"10.17145/jab.17.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/jab.17.001","url":null,"abstract":"year the opportunity to take a look back on the past year [1]. The Journal of Applied Bioanalysis celebrates it’s second anniversary with the publication of the third volume this year. The journal is an Open Access peer-reviewed journal that focusses on the publication of articles on all different aspects of Bioanalysis. The journal provides a platform for the publication of different types of scientific communications; including original research, critical reviews, short communications, expert opinion and other of latest relevant and significant developments in the bioanalysis discipline. The audience of the Journal of Applied Bioanalysis are scientists, bioanalytical chemists and technicians working in pharmaceutical sciences, clinical laboratories, therapeutic drug moni-toring, (clinical) toxicology, forensic sciences as well in sports doping and drugs of abuse analysis.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83684994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Head hair has nowadays become an attractive and commonly used biosample. Still, it is considered as non-conventional or alternative biological matrix, used to implement the information coming from other (so called conventional) bioanalytical samples, such as blood serum/plasma and urine, which only reflect exposure for a short period upon administration. Hair sampling is a non-invasive sampling procedure compared with bioanalytical methods for common biosamples. However hair has also certain difficulties in handing, sample preparation and data interpretation. These are briefly discussed herein.
{"title":"The challenges in hair analysis from the perspective of an analytical chemist","authors":"V. Samanidou","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.014","url":null,"abstract":"Head hair has nowadays become an attractive and commonly used biosample. Still, it is considered as non-conventional or alternative biological matrix, used to implement the information coming from other (so called conventional) bioanalytical samples, such as blood serum/plasma and urine, which only reflect exposure for a short period upon administration. Hair sampling is a non-invasive sampling procedure compared with bioanalytical methods for common biosamples. However hair has also certain difficulties in handing, sample preparation and data interpretation. These are briefly discussed herein.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81162039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Roos, Lin-Zhi Chen, Rajeev Vesapogu, Cheikh Kane, Jeffrey X. Duggan, S. Norris
Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays are the most widely used platform for ADA detection, they may be compromised by drug interference. We describe here an alternate, free of drug interference, immunocapture-LC/MS methodology for detecting anti-protein XYZ antibody in cynomolgus monkey plasma. In our approach, ADA-protein XYZ complexes are captured by a mouse monoclonal anti-drug antibody on streptavidin magnetic beads and separated from monkey plasma by a magnet. After elution, ADA are digested with trypsin and detected by LC/MS using a surrogate peptide common to monkey IgG subclasses 1-4. The immunocapture-LC/MS assay was applied to support a toxicology study and results were in close agreement with those from a modified ECL immunoassay. To our knowledge, this is the first application of using LC/MS for monkey ADA detection.
{"title":"Detection of cynomolgus monkey anti-protein XYZ antibody using immunocapture-LC/MS","authors":"D. Roos, Lin-Zhi Chen, Rajeev Vesapogu, Cheikh Kane, Jeffrey X. Duggan, S. Norris","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.016","url":null,"abstract":"Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays are the most widely used platform for ADA detection, they may be compromised by drug interference. We describe here an alternate, free of drug interference, immunocapture-LC/MS methodology for detecting anti-protein XYZ antibody in cynomolgus monkey plasma. In our approach, ADA-protein XYZ complexes are captured by a mouse monoclonal anti-drug antibody on streptavidin magnetic beads and separated from monkey plasma by a magnet. After elution, ADA are digested with trypsin and detected by LC/MS using a surrogate peptide common to monkey IgG subclasses 1-4. The immunocapture-LC/MS assay was applied to support a toxicology study and results were in close agreement with those from a modified ECL immunoassay. To our knowledge, this is the first application of using LC/MS for monkey ADA detection.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91436310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review is not intended as a summary of research and development of immunoassays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry but rather as a brief summary of the pros and cons of each technology applied to the quantitative measurement of biomolecules primarily in biofluids. The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules revolutionised science in the twentieth century and continues to this day. It allows scientists, for example, to conduct research to find and validate biomarkers, but has found its most prominent role in diagnostic applications where it is used to monitor the presence and levels of biomolecules in human samples for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, in food and beverages to ensure food safety and authenticity and in the environment to monitor the presence and levels of contaminants of ground, waste and drinking water. The growth in personalised or precision medicine will be accompanied by an increased need to detect and quantify panels of biomolecules as biomarkers, as well as a range of drugs taken as treatment or as a measure to delay or prevent onset of disease, following the paradigm of the right drug for the right patient at the right time and importantly at the right dose. Increased health and safety regulations demand more testing of food and beverage and environmental samples. With increasing need for biomolecule detection and quantitation comes the demand for high-throughput, lower cost per sample analysis and more accurate results. Traditionally, immunoassays have been the technology of choice for the detection and quantitation of biomolecules. However, over the past two decades alternative technologies have been shown to offer a complementary role to immunoassays. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one such technology and for some applications has been shown to offer a powerful alternative to immunoassays. With the increasing demands for routine biomolecule quantitation coming from a broad range of fields, are immunoassays the best solution to keep pace with the increased throughput needed, demand for lower cost per sample and improved accuracy JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOANALYSIS, October 2016, p. 108-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17145/jab.16.015 (ISSN 2405-710X) Vol. 2, No. 4
本综述并不是对免疫测定法和液相色谱-质谱法的研究和发展进行总结，而是对应用于生物液体中生物分子定量测量的每种技术的优缺点进行简要总结。检测和定量生物分子的能力在20世纪给科学带来了革命性的变化，并一直持续到今天。例如，它使科学家能够开展研究以发现和验证生物标志物，但它在诊断应用中发挥了最突出的作用，用于监测人类样本中生物分子的存在和水平，以诊断和监测疾病，用于食品和饮料中确保食品安全和真实性，用于监测环境中地面、废物和饮用水中污染物的存在和水平。个性化或精准医疗的发展将伴随着对作为生物标志物的生物分子面板的检测和量化需求的增加，以及作为治疗或作为延迟或预防疾病发作的措施的一系列药物，遵循在正确的时间为正确的患者提供正确的药物，重要的是以正确的剂量。越来越多的健康和安全法规要求对食品、饮料和环境样本进行更多的检测。随着人们对生物分子检测和定量的需求不断增加，人们对高通量、低成本和更准确的结果提出了更高的要求。传统上，免疫测定法一直是生物分子检测和定量的首选技术。然而，在过去的二十年中，替代技术已被证明提供了免疫测定的补充作用。液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)就是这样一种技术，在某些应用中，它已被证明是免疫测定的有力替代方法。随着各个领域对常规生物分子定量的需求不断增加，免疫分析是满足不断增加的通量、降低每个样品成本和提高准确性的最佳解决方案吗? JOURNAL of APPLIED BIOANALYSIS, 2016年10月，第108-116页。http://dx.doi.org/10.17145/jab.16.015 (ISSN 2405-710X)第二卷，第4期
{"title":"Can LC and LC-MS ever replace immunoassays?","authors":"T. Cross, M. Hornshaw","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.015","url":null,"abstract":"This review is not intended as a summary of research and development of immunoassays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry but rather as a brief summary of the pros and cons of each technology applied to the quantitative measurement of biomolecules primarily in biofluids. The ability to detect and quantitate biomolecules revolutionised science in the twentieth century and continues to this day. It allows scientists, for example, to conduct research to find and validate biomarkers, but has found its most prominent role in diagnostic applications where it is used to monitor the presence and levels of biomolecules in human samples for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, in food and beverages to ensure food safety and authenticity and in the environment to monitor the presence and levels of contaminants of ground, waste and drinking water. The growth in personalised or precision medicine will be accompanied by an increased need to detect and quantify panels of biomolecules as biomarkers, as well as a range of drugs taken as treatment or as a measure to delay or prevent onset of disease, following the paradigm of the right drug for the right patient at the right time and importantly at the right dose. Increased health and safety regulations demand more testing of food and beverage and environmental samples. With increasing need for biomolecule detection and quantitation comes the demand for high-throughput, lower cost per sample analysis and more accurate results. Traditionally, immunoassays have been the technology of choice for the detection and quantitation of biomolecules. However, over the past two decades alternative technologies have been shown to offer a complementary role to immunoassays. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is one such technology and for some applications has been shown to offer a powerful alternative to immunoassays. With the increasing demands for routine biomolecule quantitation coming from a broad range of fields, are immunoassays the best solution to keep pace with the increased throughput needed, demand for lower cost per sample and improved accuracy JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOANALYSIS, October 2016, p. 108-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17145/jab.16.015 (ISSN 2405-710X) Vol. 2, No. 4","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibodies play a key role in the immune response. Since antibodies bind antigens with high specificity and tight affinity, antibodies are an important reagent in experimental biology, assay development, biomedical research and diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies are therapeutic drugs and used for vaccine development. Antibody engineering, biophysical characterization, and structural data have provided a deeper understanding of how antibodies function, and how to make better drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a label-free binding assay, which measures affinity, stoichiometry, and binding thermodynamics for biomolecular interactions. When thermodynamic data are used together with structural and kinetic data from other assays, a complete structure-activity-thermodynamics profile can be constructed. This review article describes ITC, and discusses several applications on how data from ITC provides insights into how antibodies function, guide antibody engineering, and aid design of new therapeutic drugs.
{"title":"Biophysical characterization of antibodies with isothermal titration calorimetry","authors":"V. Frasca","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.013","url":null,"abstract":"Antibodies play a key role in the immune response. Since antibodies bind antigens with high specificity and tight affinity, antibodies are an important reagent in experimental biology, assay development, biomedical research and diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies are therapeutic drugs and used for vaccine development. Antibody engineering, biophysical characterization, and structural data have provided a deeper understanding of how antibodies function, and how to make better drugs. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a label-free binding assay, which measures affinity, stoichiometry, and binding thermodynamics for biomolecular interactions. When thermodynamic data are used together with structural and kinetic data from other assays, a complete structure-activity-thermodynamics profile can be constructed. This review article describes ITC, and discusses several applications on how data from ITC provides insights into how antibodies function, guide antibody engineering, and aid design of new therapeutic drugs.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
this organization do? A: Chinese American Chromatography Association (CACA) is a non-profit organization with a mission to promote networking and career development for its members. CACA’s missions are (1) sharing technical information in the area of separation sciences, particularly in the area of chromatography, within the United States and around the world; (2) providing a network for members to share experiences and help each other in career development; and (3) providing a forum for interacting and developing cooperative relationships with other separation organizations, particularly in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
{"title":"Interview with Xiaoli Wang PhD winner of CACA 2016 Young Investigator Award","authors":"Xiaoli Wang","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.011","url":null,"abstract":"this organization do? A: Chinese American Chromatography Association (CACA) is a non-profit organization with a mission to promote networking and career development for its members. CACA’s missions are (1) sharing technical information in the area of separation sciences, particularly in the area of chromatography, within the United States and around the world; (2) providing a network for members to share experiences and help each other in career development; and (3) providing a forum for interacting and developing cooperative relationships with other separation organizations, particularly in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88979934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to perform a computational analysis of the pharmacokinetic behavior of ampicillin, using data from the literature. A method based on the theory of dynamic systems was used for modeling purposes. The method used has been introduced to pharmacokinetics with the aim to contribute to the knowledge base in pharmacokinetics by including the modeling method which enables researchers to develop mathematical models of various pharmacokinetic processes in an identical way, using identical model structures. A few examples of a successful use of the modeling method considered here in pharmacokinetics can be found in full texts articles available free of charge at the website of the author, and in the example given in the this study. The modeling method employed in this study can be used to develop a mathematical model of the pharmacokinetic behavior of any drug, under the condition that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug under study can be at least partially approximated using linear models.
{"title":"Computational Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Behaviorof Ampicillin","authors":"M. Ďurišová","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.012","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to perform a computational analysis of the pharmacokinetic behavior of ampicillin, using data from the literature. A method based on the theory of dynamic systems was used for modeling purposes. The method used has been introduced to pharmacokinetics with the aim to contribute to the knowledge base in pharmacokinetics by including the modeling method which enables researchers to develop mathematical models of various pharmacokinetic processes in an identical way, using identical model structures. A few examples of a successful use of the modeling method considered here in pharmacokinetics can be found in full texts articles available free of charge at the website of the author, and in the example given in the this study. The modeling method employed in this study can be used to develop a mathematical model of the pharmacokinetic behavior of any drug, under the condition that the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug under study can be at least partially approximated using linear models.","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88904688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview with Di Gao PhD","authors":"Di Gao","doi":"10.17145/JAB.16.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17145/JAB.16.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15014,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Bioanalysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80833866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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