Journal of Bone Metabolism最新文献

Background: Vertebral fractures identified by radiographic morphometry are associated with increased mortality risk. However, there is limited data regarding the association between vertebral fractures detected by lateral spine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and the risk of mortality.

Methods: The present study was based on data from participants aged 40 years and older in the 2013 to 2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) performed using lateral spine DXA scans was used to provide fracture information of the vertebrae from T4 to L4. Vertebral fracture severity was categorized according to Genant's semiquantitative technique and the NHANES 2019 public-use linked mortality files were used to determine mortality status.

Results: Of 3,219 participants, the prevalence of vertebral fractures identified by VFA was 5.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7-6.5). During a median follow-up of 71.0 months, 277 participants died, 18.2% (95% CI, 12.2-26.3) with vertebral fractures and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.0-8.0) without fractures (p<0.0001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that participants with moderate to severe vertebral fractures (>25% height loss) were 1.7 times more likely to die compared with their counterparts without (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.05-3.04). Notably, in a subgroup analysis, older adults (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.41-3.30) and men with vertebral fractures (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.49-3.47) had a 2-fold greater mortality risk compared to those without vertebral fractures.

Conclusions: Vertebral fracture severity identified by VFA was significantly associated with greater all-cause mortality risk. This association was also observed among men and older adults with any baseline vertebral fractures.

Background: The adequacy of calcium from food consumption is difficult to meet because of its low absorption rate, causing an increased risk of osteoporosis. One of the ways to increase calcium absorption is to increase its solubility by decreasing its particle size. This study aimed to observe the influence of particle size and mineral composition of various fish bone powders on bone density enhancement after oral administration to corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis rats.

Methods: The test stages carried out include manufacturing fish bone flour and nanonization, characterization (particle size and nutritional content), conducting experimental tests on rats using blood serum samples, and observing bone growth and density. The types of fish studied were catfish, snakehead fish, mackerel, and snapper.

Results: Nanonization processing has been proven to reduce the size of flour particles, increase its nutritional and mineral content, and maximize the calcium absorption rate in rats. The results of the test on experimental animals induced osteoporosis showed that rats given the intervention of milling snapper fish bone meal produced the best outcomes in body length, body mass index, calcium, magnesium, and serum phosphorus (P<0.05). While in bone parameters, catfish bone meal was the most optimal in encouraging bone density percentage.

Conclusions: In conclusion, to increase serum minerals and bone density optimally, in addition to reducing particle size, the ratio of mineral content also needs to be considered.

Background: The murine tibia is a remarkable bone in which to study mechanoadaptive responses. Studies into age-related shifts in these responses do not, however, fully explain sex-specific bone architectural changes related to age. Here, we generate data from male subjects to evaluate whether load-induced skeletal responses are modularised and age-related.

Methods: Tibiae in young (12-week-old), mature (22-week-old), and aged (18-month-old) C57Bl/6 male mice were subjected to pre-calibrated right limb (left, control) loading for 2 weeks. Cortical bone formation was measured in young and mature mice at 3 positions, and new bone formation was evaluated in aged mice at a single location. Micro-computed tomography scans were used to measure trabecular changes.

Results: We found that loading increased cortical formation at all tibial positions in young, and all except the most distal position in mature mice. Intriguingly, total cortical formation was also significantly greater in loaded tibiae in aged males. Loading failed to modify trabecular mass/architecture at any age.

Conclusions: We conclude that load-induced cortical responses are partially retained, whereas trabecular bone appears resistant to loading in males of all ages. These data indicate modular patterns of mechanoadaptation across bone compartments that align with the emergence of age-related skeletal frailty.

Background: Although the importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels is wellrecognized, vitamin D deficiency among athletes remains prevalent, particularly in regions located above 40 degrees north latitude. The study aimed to evaluate weekly cholecalciferol supplementation in correcting vitamin D deficiency in young soccer players.

Methods: The study involved 49 young soccer players permanently residing above 55 degrees north latitude with 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) deficiency, randomized into an experimental group (N=25; mean age, 13.0±2.78 years) and a control group (N=24; mean age, 12.3±3.14 years). Participants in the experimental group received 15,000 IU of cholecalciferol once a week for six weeks. Blood samples were collected twice in February and May: before and after the intervention. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone using mass spectrometry have been measured.

Results: Baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were similar in both groups (15.59±2.66 ng/mL vs. 15.56±2.30 ng/mL; P>0.05). Post-intervention, levels rose to 30.25±5.17 ng/mL in the experimental group and 20.59±5.56 ng/mL in the control group, with significantly greater improvement in the experimental group (P<0.001). By the end, 60% of the experimental group reached normal 25(OH)D levels, compared to just 4.17% (N=1) in the control group. Other hematological parameters showed no significant intergroup differences (P>0.05).

Conclusions: A six-week course of 15,000 IU weekly cholecalciferol effectively and safely corrects 25(OH)D deficiency in young soccer players residing permanently in regions above 55 degrees north latitude, with minimal impact from spring outdoor training.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from various tissues demonstrate regenerative potential in bone tissue engineering. However, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) often contain macrophage contamination, necessitating additional purification steps such as liposomal clodronate treatment. In contrast, alveolar bone MSCs alveolar bone-derived MSCs (aBMSCs) may offer a distinct advantage due to their lower macrophage contamination.

Methods: The aBMSCs were isolated from alveolar bone fragments through enzymatic digestion, and their macrophage contamination was compared to BMSCs using flow cytometry for MSC surface markers (CD44, CD105, CD90.2, CD140a) and macrophage markers (CD11b).

Results: The aBMSCs exhibited significantly lower macrophage contamination compared to BMSCs and maintained osteogenic potential. Under inflammatory conditions in the presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), aBMSCs maintained their osteogenic capacity-unlike BMSCs, whose differentiation was impaired-accompanied by further activation of Protocadherin FAT4 (FAT4), which is known to initiate the osteogenic differentiation trajectory of aBMSCs.

Conclusions: These results highlight aBMSCs as a promising cell source for bone regeneration, offering low macrophage contamination and sustained osteogenic potential under inflammatory conditions such as IL-1β exposure.

Background: The bone marrow niche comprises diverse cellular populations, including multipotent bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). Understanding the biology underlying the differentiation of BMSCs into osteogenic and adipogenic commitment in preserving bone health is key due to their inverse correlation. Biological processes such as cellular migration also serve as a crucial player during this differentiation and eventually contribute to various skeletal pathologies such as fractures, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. This is also crucial in developing various regenerative therapies involving BMSCs.

Methods: To explore the differential migration of BMSCs, cells were initially directed into osteogenic or adipogenic commitment as confirmed by the mineralized matrix and lipid droplet formation for osteogenic and adipogenic commitment, respectively. The differential level of cellular migration was then assessed using the scratch wound healing assay, cell adhesion assay, and transwell migration assay.

Results: The cellular differentiation was confirmed by the differential expression patterns of key markers, as determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting study. Moreover, the migration data indicates that BMSCs undergoing osteogenic commitment tend to migrate more compared to adipogenic cells, which is possibly attributed to the differential expression of integrins such as Itgα1, and Itgα5. The putative role of the Sdf1/Cxcr4 axis in this account was further established by utilizing a selective inhibitor of Cxcr4.

Conclusions: This study sheds light on the differential migratory property of the BMSCs directed towards a specific lineage. It also highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the intricate biological interplay governing this peculiar cellular behaviour.

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with vertebral fractures and treatment goals to prevent new vertebral fractures in patients with RA.

Methods: The database used in this study included outpatient data of RA patients at the authors' hospital of RA patients taken from 2018 to 2022. The patients underwent annual imaging evaluations to assess parameters, including bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (LS; L2-4), total hip, and femoral neck, as well as vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures were evaluated using radiographic images of the T8 to L5 vertebrae.

Results: The prevalence rates of new vertebral fractures in 2018-2019, 2019-2020, 2020- 2021, and 2021-2022 were 2.0%, 1.3%, 2.3%, and 2.0%, respectively. The presence of existing vertebral fractures was associated with new vertebral fractures (p=0.003; odds ratio, 0.241; 95% confidence interval, 0.093-0.624). The cut-off T-score values for the LS for new vertebral fractures in patients with or without pre-existing vertebral fractures were -0.7 (sensitivity, 40.9%; specificity, 100%) and -1.4 (sensitivity, 69.0%; specificity, 62.5%), respectively.

Conclusions: The presence of pre-existing vertebral fractures is an independent factor associated with new vertebral fractures. It is important to tailor treatment goals based on the presence or absence of vertebral fractures to effectively prevent new fractures.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR), estrogen receptor 1 (ER1), and Col1a1 on the response to bisphosphonate (BP) therapy in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP).

Methods: Twenty-one women with postmenopausal OP who received alendronate, ibandronate, or zoledronic acid for one year were enrolled in this study. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. Serum osteocalcin levels were measured at baseline and after 12 months. Polymorphic sites of the genes encoding ER1, VDR and Col1a1 proteins were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and examined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Response to BP treatment and change in osteocalcin levels were compared among women with different gene polymorphisms.

Results: Ratio of responders to treatment regarding improvements in the BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was adequate in 76% and 62%, respectively. There was no significant difference in treatment response regarding BMD in either region or change in serum osteocalcin levels among different gene polymorphisms.

Conclusions: These findings did not support the potential role of VDR BsmI, Col1a1 Sp1, ER1 PvuII, or XbaI polymorphisms in predicting the response to BP therapy in women with postmenopausal OP. Further investigation with larger prospective studies is required.

Background: Due to the contradictory and temporally variable effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways on osteogenic differentiation in different stem cell types, we sought to examine the activity of these pathways as well as their interaction during the osteogenic differentiation of the osteo-induced adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs).

Methods: The osteo-induced AD-MSCs were treated with TGF-β1 (1 ng/mL) either alone or together with its antagonist SB- 431542 (10 μM) or that of the Wnt antagonist, inhibitor of Wnt production 2 (IWP2) (3 μM), every 3 days for 21 days. Cells were then analyzed for calcium deposit, bone matrix production, and the osteogenic markers gene expression.

Results: Our results showed firstly that, either of the pathways is active since the mRNA expressions of their respective target genes, PAI-1 and Cyclin D1 were detectable although the latter was at a very low level. Secondly that, treatment with TGF-β1 decreased levels of calcium deposit, bone matrix production and the osteogenic markers gene expression. Accordingly, osteogenesis was induced in those treated with SB either alone or together with the TGF-β1, pointing to inhibitory effect of TGF-β pathway on osteogenic differentiation. Thirdly that following treatment with IWP2 and TGF-β1, the inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on bone matrix production was reversed. Fourthly, there was constantly low expression of Wnt3amRNA but progressively increasing that of its endogenous antagonist Dkk-1mRNA throughout.

Conclusions: Together these results suggest that TGF-β1 requires the active Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to exert its inhibitory effects on osteogenic differentiation of AD-MSCs.