Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112587263-006
{"title":"Abkürzungen","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112587263-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112587263-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-006
{"title":"Abkürzungen","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133032375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-002
E. Jaszczyszyn
Endotracheal intubations are performed on thousands of pa- tients each day. Intubation is achieved by inserting a small plastic tube down a patient’s trachea, allowing oxygen and anesthetics to be delivered directly to the lungs. The tube is held in place by inflating a small cuff on the distal tip, which also serves to seal the trachea. The use of a manometer to measure the pressure within the cuff is essential to keep the practice safe. Hyperinflation of the cuff can put too much pressure on the trachea, leading to tissue death and post-procedure patient discomfort. A hypo-inflated cuff results in a poor seal within the patient’s airway and can lead to ineffective positive pressure ventilation, or gastro-inflation, which can in turn lead to vomiting, putting the patient at risk for as-phyxiation. The latter complication can cause hypoxia and death. Manometers used to measure cuff pressure are costly, cumber-some, and potentially inaccurate. A pressure measuring syringe has been designed, tested, and verified to meet physicians’ needs for a simple, low-cost pressure measurement device. New data suggest that overblown cuffs are very common during surgery (cid:1) 2009, Abstract 3AP1-1, presented at the European Society of Anaesthesiology, Milan, Italy (cid:2) . In fact, most are inflated to a pressure than the recommended 25 cm H 2 O, and past studies on patients in critical care settings corroborate these observations (cid:1) Jaber, S., et al., 2007, “Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Intensive Care The Need for Pressure Intensive Med., 3 3 pp. 917–918 (cid:2) . pressure-sensing device that gives physicians a tool to help avoid over- and underinflation of the endotracheal
{"title":"A","authors":"E. Jaszczyszyn","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-002","url":null,"abstract":"Endotracheal intubations are performed on thousands of pa- tients each day. Intubation is achieved by inserting a small plastic tube down a patient’s trachea, allowing oxygen and anesthetics to be delivered directly to the lungs. The tube is held in place by inflating a small cuff on the distal tip, which also serves to seal the trachea. The use of a manometer to measure the pressure within the cuff is essential to keep the practice safe. Hyperinflation of the cuff can put too much pressure on the trachea, leading to tissue death and post-procedure patient discomfort. A hypo-inflated cuff results in a poor seal within the patient’s airway and can lead to ineffective positive pressure ventilation, or gastro-inflation, which can in turn lead to vomiting, putting the patient at risk for as-phyxiation. The latter complication can cause hypoxia and death. Manometers used to measure cuff pressure are costly, cumber-some, and potentially inaccurate. A pressure measuring syringe has been designed, tested, and verified to meet physicians’ needs for a simple, low-cost pressure measurement device. New data suggest that overblown cuffs are very common during surgery (cid:1) 2009, Abstract 3AP1-1, presented at the European Society of Anaesthesiology, Milan, Italy (cid:2) . In fact, most are inflated to a pressure than the recommended 25 cm H 2 O, and past studies on patients in critical care settings corroborate these observations (cid:1) Jaber, S., et al., 2007, “Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure Intensive Care The Need for Pressure Intensive Med., 3 3 pp. 917–918 (cid:2) . pressure-sensing device that gives physicians a tool to help avoid over- and underinflation of the endotracheal","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115968650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-004
R. Falewicz, M. Siarkowski, P. Rudawy
In this paper, the energy budgets of two single-loop-like flares observed in X-ray are analyzed under the assumption that nonthermal electrons (NTEs) are the only source of plasma heating during all phases of both events. The flares were observed by RHESSI and GOES on 2002 February 20 and June 2, respectively. Using a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic code for both flares, the energy deposited in the chromosphere was derived applying RHESSI observational data. The use of the Fokker–Planck formalism permits the calculation of distributions of the NTEs in flaring loops and thus spatial distributions of the X-ray nonthermal emissions and integral fluxes for the selected energy ranges that were compared with the observed ones. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the spatial distributions of the signals in the RHESSI images was conducted for the footpoints and for all the flare loops in selected energy ranges with these quantities’ fluxes obtained from the models. The best compatibility of the model and observations was obtained for the 2002 June 2 event in the 0.5–4 Å GOES range and total fluxes in the 6–12 keV, 12–25 keV, 20–25 keV, and 50–100 keV energy bands. Results of photometry of the individual flaring structures in a high energy range show that the best compliance occurred for the 2002 June 2 flare, where the synthesized emissions were at least 30% higher than the observed emissions. For the 2002 February 20 flare, synthesized emission is about four times lower than the observed one. However, in the low energy range the best conformity was obtained for the 2002 February 20 flare, where emission from the model is about 11% lower than the observed one. The larger inconsistency occurs for the 2002 June 2 solar flare, where synthesized emission is about 12 times greater or even more than the observed emission. Some part of these differences may be caused by inevitable flaws of the applied methodology, like by an assumption that the model of the flare is symmetric and there are no differences in the emissions originating from the feet of the flares loop and by relative simplicity of the applied numerical 1D code and procedures. No doubt a significant refinement of the applied numerical models and more sophisticated implementation of the various physical mechanisms involved are required to achieve a better agreement. Despite these problems, a collation of modeled results with observations shows that soft and hard X-ray emissions observed for analyzed single-loop-like events may be fully explained by electron-beam-driven evaporation only.
{"title":"C","authors":"R. Falewicz, M. Siarkowski, P. Rudawy","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-004","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the energy budgets of two single-loop-like flares observed in X-ray are analyzed under the assumption that nonthermal electrons (NTEs) are the only source of plasma heating during all phases of both events. The flares were observed by RHESSI and GOES on 2002 February 20 and June 2, respectively. Using a one-dimensional (1D) hydrodynamic code for both flares, the energy deposited in the chromosphere was derived applying RHESSI observational data. The use of the Fokker–Planck formalism permits the calculation of distributions of the NTEs in flaring loops and thus spatial distributions of the X-ray nonthermal emissions and integral fluxes for the selected energy ranges that were compared with the observed ones. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the spatial distributions of the signals in the RHESSI images was conducted for the footpoints and for all the flare loops in selected energy ranges with these quantities’ fluxes obtained from the models. The best compatibility of the model and observations was obtained for the 2002 June 2 event in the 0.5–4 Å GOES range and total fluxes in the 6–12 keV, 12–25 keV, 20–25 keV, and 50–100 keV energy bands. Results of photometry of the individual flaring structures in a high energy range show that the best compliance occurred for the 2002 June 2 flare, where the synthesized emissions were at least 30% higher than the observed emissions. For the 2002 February 20 flare, synthesized emission is about four times lower than the observed one. However, in the low energy range the best conformity was obtained for the 2002 February 20 flare, where emission from the model is about 11% lower than the observed one. The larger inconsistency occurs for the 2002 June 2 solar flare, where synthesized emission is about 12 times greater or even more than the observed emission. Some part of these differences may be caused by inevitable flaws of the applied methodology, like by an assumption that the model of the flare is symmetric and there are no differences in the emissions originating from the feet of the flares loop and by relative simplicity of the applied numerical 1D code and procedures. No doubt a significant refinement of the applied numerical models and more sophisticated implementation of the various physical mechanisms involved are required to achieve a better agreement. Despite these problems, a collation of modeled results with observations shows that soft and hard X-ray emissions observed for analyzed single-loop-like events may be fully explained by electron-beam-driven evaporation only.","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112587263-004
Craig E. Masters, Keith M. Ashman
Following a serendipitous detection with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), we present a multiepoch spectral and temporal analysis of an extreme ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) located in the outskirts of the Circinus galaxy, hereafter Circinus ULX5, including coordinated XMM-Newton+NuSTAR follow-up observations. The NuSTAR data presented here represent one of the first instances of a ULX reliably detected at hard (E > 10 keV) X-rays. Circinus ULX5 is variable on long time scales by at least a factor of ∼5 in flux, and was caught in a historically bright state during our 2013 observations (0.3–30.0 keV luminosity of 1.6 × 1040 erg s−1). During this epoch, the source displayed a curved 3–10 keV spectrum, broadly similar to other bright ULXs. Although pure thermal models result in a high energy excess in the NuSTAR data, this excess is too weak to be modeled with the disk reflection interpretation previously proposed to explain the 3–10 keV curvature in other ULXs. In addition to flux variability, clear spectral variability is also observed. While in many cases the interpretation of spectral components in ULXs is uncertain, the spectral and temporal properties of all the high quality data sets currently available strongly support a simple disk–corona model reminiscent of that invoked for Galactic binaries, with the accretion disk becoming more prominent as the luminosity increases. However, although the disk temperature and luminosity are well correlated across all time scales currently probed, the observed luminosity follows L ∝ T 1.70±0.17, flatter than expected for simple blackbody radiation. The spectral variability displayed here is highly reminiscent of that observed from known Galactic black hole binaries (BHBs) at high luminosities. This comparison implies a black hole mass of ∼90 M for Circinus ULX5. However, given the diverse behavior observed from Galactic BHB accretion disks, this mass estimate is still uncertain. Finally, the limits placed on any undetected iron absorption features with the 2013 data set imply that we are not viewing the central regions of Circinus ULX5 through any extreme super-Eddington outflow.
{"title":"C","authors":"Craig E. Masters, Keith M. Ashman","doi":"10.1515/9783112587263-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112587263-004","url":null,"abstract":"Following a serendipitous detection with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), we present a multiepoch spectral and temporal analysis of an extreme ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) located in the outskirts of the Circinus galaxy, hereafter Circinus ULX5, including coordinated XMM-Newton+NuSTAR follow-up observations. The NuSTAR data presented here represent one of the first instances of a ULX reliably detected at hard (E > 10 keV) X-rays. Circinus ULX5 is variable on long time scales by at least a factor of ∼5 in flux, and was caught in a historically bright state during our 2013 observations (0.3–30.0 keV luminosity of 1.6 × 1040 erg s−1). During this epoch, the source displayed a curved 3–10 keV spectrum, broadly similar to other bright ULXs. Although pure thermal models result in a high energy excess in the NuSTAR data, this excess is too weak to be modeled with the disk reflection interpretation previously proposed to explain the 3–10 keV curvature in other ULXs. In addition to flux variability, clear spectral variability is also observed. While in many cases the interpretation of spectral components in ULXs is uncertain, the spectral and temporal properties of all the high quality data sets currently available strongly support a simple disk–corona model reminiscent of that invoked for Galactic binaries, with the accretion disk becoming more prominent as the luminosity increases. However, although the disk temperature and luminosity are well correlated across all time scales currently probed, the observed luminosity follows L ∝ T 1.70±0.17, flatter than expected for simple blackbody radiation. The spectral variability displayed here is highly reminiscent of that observed from known Galactic black hole binaries (BHBs) at high luminosities. This comparison implies a black hole mass of ∼90 M for Circinus ULX5. However, given the diverse behavior observed from Galactic BHB accretion disks, this mass estimate is still uncertain. Finally, the limits placed on any undetected iron absorption features with the 2013 data set imply that we are not viewing the central regions of Circinus ULX5 through any extreme super-Eddington outflow.","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116334041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-007
{"title":"Backmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133583441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-fm
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124816871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112587263-001
{"title":"Vorbemerkung","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112587263-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112587263-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121289496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112563007-001
{"title":"Vorbemerkung","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9783112563007-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112563007-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":150883,"journal":{"name":"Ab bis düster","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1958-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126858481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1958-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9783112587263-002
Manajemen Akmenika
This study aims to examine the effect of Effective Tax Rate, earnings management and profitability on the Cost of Debt. To test the effect of Effective Tax Rate, and earnings management on profitability. To test the effect of Effective Tax Rate, and earnings management on the Cost of Debt moderated by profitability. This research variable consists of independent and dependent variables. The independent variable of this study is the Effective Tax Rate, and earnings management, the dependent variable is the Cost of Debt and the moderating variable is profitability. The population in this study are all real estate and property sub-sector companies, amounting to 48 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sampling technique was purposive sampling, so that the sample that entered the criteria was 8 companies. The data collection method uses documentation. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. Effective Tax Rate, earnings management and profitability are partially positive and significant effect on the Cost of Debt. Effective Tax Rate, partially positive and significant effect on profitability. Earnings management partially has no effect on profitability. profitability is not able to mediate the relationship of the effect of the Effective Tax Rate on the Cost of Debt. Profitability is not able to mediate the relationship between the influence of Earnings Management to the Cost of Debt. Jurnal Akuntansi & Manajemen Akmenika Vol. 17 No. 1 Tahun 2020 312
本研究旨在探讨有效税率、盈余管理和盈利能力对负债成本的影响。检验有效税率和盈余管理对盈利能力的影响。检验有效税率和盈余管理对盈利能力调节的债务成本的影响。本研究变量由自变量和因变量组成。本研究的自变量为有效税率，盈余管理，因变量为负债成本，调节变量为盈利能力。本研究的人口都是房地产和房地产子行业公司，共计48家在印度尼西亚证券交易所(IDX)上市的公司。抽样方法为有目的抽样，因此进入标准的样本为8家公司。数据收集方法使用文档。分析方法为多元线性回归，显著性水平为5%。有效税率、盈余管理和盈利能力对负债成本有部分显著的正向影响。有效税率，对盈利能力有部分积极且显著的影响。盈余管理部分对盈利能力没有影响。盈利能力不能调解有效税率对债务成本影响的关系。盈利能力不能调解盈余管理对债务成本的影响之间的关系。《Akuntansi & Manajemen Akmenika》Vol. 17 No. 1 Tahun 2020 312
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