Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-22-00011
Steven Woodley, Charles Wahl, Alexander Tryforos, Rodrigo Diaz
Despite the success of the salvinia weevil ( Cyrtobagous salviniae ) at controlling giant salvinia ( Salvinia molesta ), its impact on the timing of reduction of giant salvinia cover and recovery of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and dissolved oxygen remains unknown. A two-year field study (2016 to 2017) was conducted in coastal wetlands in southwestern Louisiana to measure the impact of biological control of giant salvinia. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, weevil densities, and giant salvinia and SAV cover were assessed at 36 sampling locations comprising canals, small ponds, and large ponds. Results showed that adult weevils were distributed across the landscape. In 2016 mean adult densities were 46.9 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 42.5 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 38.7 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. In 2017 mean adult weevil densities were 28.2 kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 12.3 kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 29.4 kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. Percent cover of SAV was zero at all three site types in July 2016 but increased by 29.4, 35.0, and 73.3% in small ponds, canals, and large ponds, respectively, from July 2016 to January 2017. Our models demonstrate that higher adult weevil densities in June lead to faster control of giant salvinia and SAV recovery, subsequently increasing dissolved oxygen levels. The models can be used to estimate months needed to control salvinia given weevil density, percent salvinia cover, and site type. Resource managers could apply this to inform about timing to control and guide management decisions.
{"title":"Biological control of invasive floating fern leads to rapid recovery of ecological functions in coastal fresh water wetlands in Louisiana","authors":"Steven Woodley, Charles Wahl, Alexander Tryforos, Rodrigo Diaz","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-22-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-22-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the success of the salvinia weevil ( Cyrtobagous salviniae ) at controlling giant salvinia ( Salvinia molesta ), its impact on the timing of reduction of giant salvinia cover and recovery of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and dissolved oxygen remains unknown. A two-year field study (2016 to 2017) was conducted in coastal wetlands in southwestern Louisiana to measure the impact of biological control of giant salvinia. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, weevil densities, and giant salvinia and SAV cover were assessed at 36 sampling locations comprising canals, small ponds, and large ponds. Results showed that adult weevils were distributed across the landscape. In 2016 mean adult densities were 46.9 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 42.5 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 38.7 weevils kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. In 2017 mean adult weevil densities were 28.2 kg (cid:2) 1 in canals, 12.3 kg (cid:2) 1 in small ponds, and 29.4 kg (cid:2) 1 in large ponds. Percent cover of SAV was zero at all three site types in July 2016 but increased by 29.4, 35.0, and 73.3% in small ponds, canals, and large ponds, respectively, from July 2016 to January 2017. Our models demonstrate that higher adult weevil densities in June lead to faster control of giant salvinia and SAV recovery, subsequently increasing dissolved oxygen levels. The models can be used to estimate months needed to control salvinia given weevil density, percent salvinia cover, and site type. Resource managers could apply this to inform about timing to control and guide management decisions.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-23-00002
Xueman Ma, Jianyao Zeng, Y. He, Zihan Xu, Wenquiao Wang, Yunwen Yang, L. Yang
Anthropogenic activities increase cadmium (Cd) pollution in aquatic systems. This study investigated how the pH change from 4.3 to 7.3 affected the absorption of Cd by the aquatic plant duckweed ( Lemna turionifera 5511). Here, the noninvasive microtest technique (NMT), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and transcriptome analysis were used to study the duckweed’s Cd absorption and the oxalic acid metabolism under different pH conditions. The results showed the highest Cd accumulation in duckweed with pH at 6.3. Furthermore, the Cd influx was higher at the root tip of duckweed cultured in a liquid medium at pH 6.3. Notably, Cd stress changed the pH value and H þ influx in duckweed roots, and significantly upregulated the Na þ /H þ exchange transporters. Moreover, duckweed was shown to have enhanced oxalate acid secretion and signifi-cantly upregulated biosynthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Therefore, these analyses suggest that Na þ /H þ exchange transporters and oxalic acid might affect Cd accumulation, which could provide new ideas for phytoremediating Cd pollution using duckweed.
{"title":"Cadmium accumulation in duckweed relates to pH and oxalate synthesis in Cd shock","authors":"Xueman Ma, Jianyao Zeng, Y. He, Zihan Xu, Wenquiao Wang, Yunwen Yang, L. Yang","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-23-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-23-00002","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic activities increase cadmium (Cd) pollution in aquatic systems. This study investigated how the pH change from 4.3 to 7.3 affected the absorption of Cd by the aquatic plant duckweed ( Lemna turionifera 5511). Here, the noninvasive microtest technique (NMT), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and transcriptome analysis were used to study the duckweed’s Cd absorption and the oxalic acid metabolism under different pH conditions. The results showed the highest Cd accumulation in duckweed with pH at 6.3. Furthermore, the Cd influx was higher at the root tip of duckweed cultured in a liquid medium at pH 6.3. Notably, Cd stress changed the pH value and H þ influx in duckweed roots, and significantly upregulated the Na þ /H þ exchange transporters. Moreover, duckweed was shown to have enhanced oxalate acid secretion and signifi-cantly upregulated biosynthesis-related genes under Cd stress. Therefore, these analyses suggest that Na þ /H þ exchange transporters and oxalic acid might affect Cd accumulation, which could provide new ideas for phytoremediating Cd pollution using duckweed.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71097989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-23-00003
Riley Timbs, Dan Kolterman
Tape grass (Vallisneria americana) once formed large, dense meadows of long (up to 1 m) plants in the littoral zones of Lower St. Johns River (LSJR) and its associated lakes and tributaries (Sagan 2007). Tape grass and most other nonalgal submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) vanished from much of the river basin after an extended period of high, tanninstained water and increased turbidity due to flooding from Hurricane Irma in 2017 (Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, K.J., unpub. data). Flood events in the LSJR commonly cause temporary SAV die-offs (Lacoul and Freedman 2006, Bornette and Puijalon 2011). In 2004 prolonged conditions of low light availability caused by strikes from three major hurricanes (Charley, Frances, and Jeanne) were followed by extensive SAV loss throughout the river basin. Tape grass and other SAV re-emerged within 3 yr as the river returned to baseline hydrologic and water quality conditions. By contrast, SAV in the LSJR did not fully recover in the 5 yr between when Hurricane Irma made landfall in 2017 and 2022, despite a return to background water conditions. The tape grass plants that remain as of 2022 when data were collected for this study are sparse and have canopy heights below 10 cm (Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, K.J., unpub. data). Herbivory commonly limits tape grass recovery in freshwater and estuarine habitats, including Kings Bay and other Florida waterways, but the extent to which it impacts SAV in the LSJR is unknown (Carter and Rybicki 1985, Hauxwell et al. 2004b, Johnson et al., 2019). Recent efforts to restore tape grass upstream of the LSJR in Lake George and Silver Glen Spring by using wire fenced enclosures to prevent grazing by herbivores yielded canopy heights approximately 10fold higher than surrounding unenclosed plants. When these protective fences were removed or breached the plants were grazed by cooters (Pseudemys spp.) within days to canopy heights equal to the surrounding SAV (, 10 cm). Additionally, blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) were observed uprooting unprotected plants near the restoration area (D.K., unpub. data). The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has received multiple reports indicating that the tape grass beginning to re-establish areas of the LSJR appear similar to the heavily grazed plants in Lake George and Silver Glen Spring. This study was conducted to determine the effect of herbivory on the growth of tape grass in the Lower St. Johns River.
在圣约翰河(LSJR)及其相关的湖泊和支流的沿岸地区，带状草(Vallisneria americana)曾经形成了长(长达1米)植物的大型、密集的草甸(Sagan 2007)。2017年飓风Irma引发的洪水导致长时间的高单色水和浊度增加后，带状草和大多数其他非藻类淹没水生植被(SAV)从大部分流域消失(Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, k.j.， unpub)。数据)。在LSJR的洪水事件通常会导致短暂的SAV死亡(Lacoul and Freedman 2006, Bornette and Puijalon 2011)。2004年，三个主要飓风(查理、弗朗西斯和珍妮)的袭击造成了长时间的低光照条件，随后整个流域出现了广泛的SAV损失。随着河流恢复到基线水文和水质条件，带状草和其他SAV在3年内重新出现。相比之下，在2017年飓风伊尔玛登陆至2022年之间的5年时间里，LSJR的SAV并没有完全恢复，尽管已经恢复到背景水条件。截至本研究收集数据的2022年，保留的带状草植物稀疏，冠层高度低于10厘米(Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, K.J, unpub)。数据)。食草性通常限制淡水和河口栖息地(包括金斯湾和佛罗里达州其他水道)的带状草恢复，但它对LSJR中SAV的影响程度尚不清楚(Carter和Rybicki 1985, Hauxwell等人2004b, Johnson等人，2019)。最近，在乔治湖和银谷泉的LSJR上游，通过使用铁丝围栏来防止食草动物的放牧，恢复带状草的努力取得了比周围未封闭植物高约10倍的树冠高度。当这些保护栅栏被拆除或破坏时，这些植物在几天内被库特(pseudomyys spp.)放牧到与周围SAV相等的冠层高度(约10厘米)。此外，还观察到蓝罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)连根拔起恢复区附近未受保护的植物(d.k.， unpub.)。数据)。佛罗里达鱼类和野生动物保护委员会(FWC)收到了多份报告，表明带状草开始在LSJR地区重新建立，与乔治湖和银谷泉的大量放牧植物相似。本研究旨在探讨草食对圣约翰河下游带状草生长的影响。
{"title":"Herbivory impacts Vallisneria americana recovery in the lower St. Johns River, Florida","authors":"Riley Timbs, Dan Kolterman","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-23-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-23-00003","url":null,"abstract":"Tape grass (Vallisneria americana) once formed large, dense meadows of long (up to 1 m) plants in the littoral zones of Lower St. Johns River (LSJR) and its associated lakes and tributaries (Sagan 2007). Tape grass and most other nonalgal submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) vanished from much of the river basin after an extended period of high, tanninstained water and increased turbidity due to flooding from Hurricane Irma in 2017 (Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, K.J., unpub. data). Flood events in the LSJR commonly cause temporary SAV die-offs (Lacoul and Freedman 2006, Bornette and Puijalon 2011). In 2004 prolonged conditions of low light availability caused by strikes from three major hurricanes (Charley, Frances, and Jeanne) were followed by extensive SAV loss throughout the river basin. Tape grass and other SAV re-emerged within 3 yr as the river returned to baseline hydrologic and water quality conditions. By contrast, SAV in the LSJR did not fully recover in the 5 yr between when Hurricane Irma made landfall in 2017 and 2022, despite a return to background water conditions. The tape grass plants that remain as of 2022 when data were collected for this study are sparse and have canopy heights below 10 cm (Goldberg and Trent 2020, Lundy et al. 2022, K.J., unpub. data). Herbivory commonly limits tape grass recovery in freshwater and estuarine habitats, including Kings Bay and other Florida waterways, but the extent to which it impacts SAV in the LSJR is unknown (Carter and Rybicki 1985, Hauxwell et al. 2004b, Johnson et al., 2019). Recent efforts to restore tape grass upstream of the LSJR in Lake George and Silver Glen Spring by using wire fenced enclosures to prevent grazing by herbivores yielded canopy heights approximately 10fold higher than surrounding unenclosed plants. When these protective fences were removed or breached the plants were grazed by cooters (Pseudemys spp.) within days to canopy heights equal to the surrounding SAV (, 10 cm). Additionally, blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) were observed uprooting unprotected plants near the restoration area (D.K., unpub. data). The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has received multiple reports indicating that the tape grass beginning to re-establish areas of the LSJR appear similar to the heavily grazed plants in Lake George and Silver Glen Spring. This study was conducted to determine the effect of herbivory on the growth of tape grass in the Lower St. Johns River.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44317419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-22-00008
J. Jablonski, Candice M. Prince, S. Enloe, G. MacDonald, Benjamin P. Sperry
Cuban bulrush (Oxycaryum cubense) (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye is an epiphytic perennial sedge that invades aquatic habitats in the southeastern United States. Its emergent and floating growth habit allows it to form tussocks that restrict waterway access for navigation and outcompete native plant species. It is primarily managed using herbicides, and there is a need to evaluate more active ingredients for Cuban bulrush control. Three groups of single or tank mix herbicide applications were evaluated for control of Cuban bulrush in a greenhouse setting Florida. In trial 1, we evaluated operational treatments currently used by state agencies in Florida (diquat, glyphosate, 2,4-D, glyphosate þ flumioxazin, 2,4-D þ diquat, and 2,4-D þ glyphosate). In trial 2, we evaluated a recently registered synthetic auxin herbicide (florpyrauxifen-benzyl) alone or in combination with 2,4-D, imazamox, or flumioxazin. In trial 3, we evaluated several acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides (halosulfuron, imazapic, imazethapyr, bispyri-bac-sodium, imazapyr, and imazamox). Operational treat-ments and florpyrauxifen-benzyl combinations resulted in . 70% visual control 30 days after treatment (DAT) and . 90% biomass reduction of aboveground tissue 60 DAT. ALS-inhibiting herbicides resulted in slower symptom development, although there was limited regrowth (. 90% biomass reduction) 60 DAT for plants treated with imazapic, imazethapyr, imazamox, and imazapyr. Halosulfuron and bispyribac-sodium resulted in inconsis-tent levels of control between experimental runs. These small-scale results suggest that the current operational treatments as well as florpyrauxifen-benzyl combinations provide both fast and effective control of Cuban bulrush. Future work will focus on verifying these findings under operational field conditions.
{"title":"Efficacy of selected herbicides on Cuban bulrush [Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye]","authors":"J. Jablonski, Candice M. Prince, S. Enloe, G. MacDonald, Benjamin P. Sperry","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-22-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-22-00008","url":null,"abstract":"Cuban bulrush (Oxycaryum cubense) (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye is an epiphytic perennial sedge that invades aquatic habitats in the southeastern United States. Its emergent and floating growth habit allows it to form tussocks that restrict waterway access for navigation and outcompete native plant species. It is primarily managed using herbicides, and there is a need to evaluate more active ingredients for Cuban bulrush control. Three groups of single or tank mix herbicide applications were evaluated for control of Cuban bulrush in a greenhouse setting Florida. In trial 1, we evaluated operational treatments currently used by state agencies in Florida (diquat, glyphosate, 2,4-D, glyphosate þ flumioxazin, 2,4-D þ diquat, and 2,4-D þ glyphosate). In trial 2, we evaluated a recently registered synthetic auxin herbicide (florpyrauxifen-benzyl) alone or in combination with 2,4-D, imazamox, or flumioxazin. In trial 3, we evaluated several acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides (halosulfuron, imazapic, imazethapyr, bispyri-bac-sodium, imazapyr, and imazamox). Operational treat-ments and florpyrauxifen-benzyl combinations resulted in . 70% visual control 30 days after treatment (DAT) and . 90% biomass reduction of aboveground tissue 60 DAT. ALS-inhibiting herbicides resulted in slower symptom development, although there was limited regrowth (. 90% biomass reduction) 60 DAT for plants treated with imazapic, imazethapyr, imazamox, and imazapyr. Halosulfuron and bispyribac-sodium resulted in inconsis-tent levels of control between experimental runs. These small-scale results suggest that the current operational treatments as well as florpyrauxifen-benzyl combinations provide both fast and effective control of Cuban bulrush. Future work will focus on verifying these findings under operational field conditions.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-22-00009
S. Poudel, Nancy B. Rybicki, Christian M. Jones
Species of water chestnut, specifically Eurasian water chestnut (Trapa natans), have plagued the northeastern United States, including the tidal Potomac, for over 100 years. In 2014 a new species of invasive water chestnut identified as two-horned water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb. var. iinumai Nakano) was discovered in the Potomac River, and in subsequent years it has spread to nearby waterbodies. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenology of T. bispinosa to assist managers in developing effective approaches for management. Structured observa-tional studies were conducted at two ponds in northern Virginia in 2019 and 2020. Trapa bispinosa initiated growth in late April, increasing rapidly to a maximum of 100% cover in June. Rosette diameters increased gradually from late April to a maximum in August and September. This increase in rosette size was strongly correlated with degree days and calendar days and is consistent among ponds and between years. Flower counts were zero from April through June, then increased rapidly to maximum in late August. Fruit counts were zero from April through June; fruit started to appear in July, and counts increased to a maximum in early September. Since the species is annual and dependent on sexual reproduction, control efforts for T. bispinosa should be initiated before fruits are produced. Based upon our data, in the mid-Atlantic region, May would be an ideal time to begin because rosettes should be observable, but flowers and fruit should not appear until late June. These studies indicate aquatic managers may have a 4-to-6-wk window in the late spring to prevent seed production and should focus resources on management during that period.
{"title":"Phenology of two-horned water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb. var. iinumai Nakano)in northern Virginia ponds","authors":"S. Poudel, Nancy B. Rybicki, Christian M. Jones","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-22-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-22-00009","url":null,"abstract":"Species of water chestnut, specifically Eurasian water chestnut (Trapa natans), have plagued the northeastern United States, including the tidal Potomac, for over 100 years. In 2014 a new species of invasive water chestnut identified as two-horned water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb. var. iinumai Nakano) was discovered in the Potomac River, and in subsequent years it has spread to nearby waterbodies. The purpose of this study is to describe the phenology of T. bispinosa to assist managers in developing effective approaches for management. Structured observa-tional studies were conducted at two ponds in northern Virginia in 2019 and 2020. Trapa bispinosa initiated growth in late April, increasing rapidly to a maximum of 100% cover in June. Rosette diameters increased gradually from late April to a maximum in August and September. This increase in rosette size was strongly correlated with degree days and calendar days and is consistent among ponds and between years. Flower counts were zero from April through June, then increased rapidly to maximum in late August. Fruit counts were zero from April through June; fruit started to appear in July, and counts increased to a maximum in early September. Since the species is annual and dependent on sexual reproduction, control efforts for T. bispinosa should be initiated before fruits are produced. Based upon our data, in the mid-Atlantic region, May would be an ideal time to begin because rosettes should be observable, but flowers and fruit should not appear until late June. These studies indicate aquatic managers may have a 4-to-6-wk window in the late spring to prevent seed production and should focus resources on management during that period.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48373312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-22-0000x
Alyssa Calomeni
Cyanobacteria causing harmful algal blooms (HABs) can overwinter in sediments as quiescent cells (akinetes or vegetative colonies) and contribute to bloom resurgences. Targeting overwintering cells in sediments for preventative management may provide a viable approach to delay onset and mitigate blooms. However, there are limited resources for this novel strategy. Given the growing global impact of HABs, the ability to identify and prioritize sites that are influenced by overwintering cells will be a critical step for preventative management. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to identify and illustrate relevant data to support identification and prioritization of sites that contain overwintering cells with the potential to form HABs. To achieve this, sediment samples were collected from three HAB-affected reservoirs (Marion Reservoir, KS; Fort Gibson Lake, OK, and Heyburn Lake, OK) as pertinent examples. Cyanobacteria enumeration and growth potential data from incubation studies were assembled for prioriti-zation. Overwintering cells were present in all HAB-affected reservoirs, with 85% of sites (n ¼ 13) containing overwin-tering cells in sediments and 54% of sites (n ¼ 13) with a planktonic growth potential producing problematic cell densities (. 100,000 cells ml1). On the basis of the weight of evidence, Marion Reservoir, followed by Fort Gibson, and last, Heyburn Lake, have the greatest potential for over-wintering cells to contribute to HABs. These data indicate that a monitoring approach should consider at least two lines of evidence: 1) presence and density of overwintering cyanobacteria and 2) growth potential as informed by laboratory incubation studies to predict growth risk and prioritize locations for preventative management.
引起有害藻华(HABs)的蓝藻可以在沉积物中作为静止细胞(活动菌或营养菌落)越冬，并有助于藻华的恢复。针对沉积物中的越冬细胞进行预防性管理可能为延缓和减轻藻华提供了可行的方法。然而，这种新策略的资源有限。鉴于有害藻华对全球的影响越来越大，识别和优先考虑受越冬细胞影响的地点的能力将是预防性管理的关键一步。因此，本研究的总体目标是确定和说明相关数据，以支持识别和优先考虑含有可能形成有害藻华的越冬细胞的地点。为了实现这一目标，从三个受赤潮影响的水库(Marion水库，KS;吉布森堡湖(Fort Gibson Lake, OK)和海本湖(Heyburn Lake, OK)都是相关的例子。蓝藻枚举和生长潜力的数据从孵化研究组装优先级。所有受赤潮影响的水库中都存在越冬细胞，沉积物中85%的地点(n¼13)含有越冬细胞，54%的地点(n¼13)具有浮游生长潜力，产生了问题的细胞密度(n¼13)。100,000 cells ml1)。根据证据的重量，马里恩水库，其次是吉布森堡，最后是海本湖，具有最大的越冬细胞促进赤潮的潜力。这些数据表明，监测方法应考虑至少两方面的证据:1)越冬蓝藻的存在和密度;2)实验室孵化研究提供的生长潜力，以预测生长风险并优先考虑预防性管理的地点。
{"title":"dentification and prioritization of sites with overwintering cyanobacteria to inform preventative management of harmful algal blooms","authors":"Alyssa Calomeni","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-22-0000x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-22-0000x","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria causing harmful algal blooms (HABs) can overwinter in sediments as quiescent cells (akinetes or vegetative colonies) and contribute to bloom resurgences. Targeting overwintering cells in sediments for preventative management may provide a viable approach to delay onset and mitigate blooms. However, there are limited resources for this novel strategy. Given the growing global impact of HABs, the ability to identify and prioritize sites that are influenced by overwintering cells will be a critical step for preventative management. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to identify and illustrate relevant data to support identification and prioritization of sites that contain overwintering cells with the potential to form HABs. To achieve this, sediment samples were collected from three HAB-affected reservoirs (Marion Reservoir, KS; Fort Gibson Lake, OK, and Heyburn Lake, OK) as pertinent examples. Cyanobacteria enumeration and growth potential data from incubation studies were assembled for prioriti-zation. Overwintering cells were present in all HAB-affected reservoirs, with 85% of sites (n ¼ 13) containing overwin-tering cells in sediments and 54% of sites (n ¼ 13) with a planktonic growth potential producing problematic cell densities (. 100,000 cells ml1). On the basis of the weight of evidence, Marion Reservoir, followed by Fort Gibson, and last, Heyburn Lake, have the greatest potential for over-wintering cells to contribute to HABs. These data indicate that a monitoring approach should consider at least two lines of evidence: 1) presence and density of overwintering cyanobacteria and 2) growth potential as informed by laboratory incubation studies to predict growth risk and prioritize locations for preventative management.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43211820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-21-00022
G. Turnage, A. Lázaro-Lobo, Ben Blassingame, Olivia Robinson, Kennedy Calhoun, G. Ervin
Limnobium spongia (frogbit) is a free-floating aquatic plant that can produce extensive floating mats causing negative ecological, social, and economic impacts that can harm aquatic fauna (i.e., dissolved oxygen depletion) and restrict human uses of water. Literature describing effective control measures for frogbit is minimal. Efficacy of high and low doses of seven foliar-applied herbicides (2,4-D, florpyraux-ifen-benzyl, flumioxazin, glyphosate, imazamox, imazapyr, and triclopyr) were evaluated in a mesocosm setting in the summers of 2018, 2020, and 2021. Both emergent and submersed frogbit biomass were reduced at least 99% by imazamox (0.56 and 1.11 kg ai ha1) and imazapyr (0.42 and 0.84 kg ae ha1) 8 wk after treatment (WAT) compared with nontreated reference plants. Triclopyr (6.71 kg ae ha1) reduced frogbit biomass 92% and flumioxazin (0.42 kg ai ha1) reduced biomass 87 to 93% compared with reference plants. 2,4-D (2.12 and 4.24 kg ae ha1), glyphosate (2.83 and 5.67 kg ai ha1), triclopyr (3.36 kg ae ha1), florpyrauxifen-benzyl (0.02 and 0.05 kg ai ha1), and flumioxazin (0.21 kg ai ha1) did not reduce frogbit biomass 8 WAT compared with reference plants. Future research should consider the efficacy of different herbicide combinations to control frogbit, as well as the role of diluent volume per unit area, especially with imazamox and imazapyr. Field studies also will be useful in determining whether the results observed in this study will translate to management of frogbit in natural settings.
海绵Limnobium spongia (frogbit)是一种自由漂浮的水生植物，可以产生广泛的浮垫，造成负面的生态、社会和经济影响，可能危害水生动物(即溶解氧耗尽)并限制人类对水的利用。描述青蛙有效控制措施的文献很少。在2018年、2020年和2021年夏季的中生态环境中，评估了高剂量和低剂量7种叶面施用除草剂(2,4- d、氟吡虫啉-苯甲醚、氟恶嗪、草甘膦、伊马唑莫、伊马唑吡和三氯吡)的效果。处理后8周，与未处理的对照植物相比，imazamox(0.56和1.11 kg / h1)和imazapyr(0.42和0.84 kg / h1)可使苗生和淹没生物量减少至少99%。与对照植物相比，三氯吡啶(6.71 kg / ha1)使生物量减少92%，氟恶嗪(0.42 kg / ha1)使生物量减少87%至93%。与对照植物相比，2,4- d(2.12和4.24 kg艾蒿1)、草甘膦(2.83和5.67 kg艾蒿1)、三氯吡虫啉(3.36 kg艾蒿1)、氟吡虫胺苯(0.02和0.05 kg艾蒿1)和氟恶嗪(0.21 kg艾蒿1)没有降低生物量8 WAT。今后的研究应考虑不同除草剂组合防治蛙病的效果，以及单位面积稀释剂体积的作用，特别是伊马唑莫和伊马唑吡尔。实地研究也将有助于确定本研究中观察到的结果是否将转化为自然环境中青蛙的管理。
{"title":"American frogbit response to herbicides","authors":"G. Turnage, A. Lázaro-Lobo, Ben Blassingame, Olivia Robinson, Kennedy Calhoun, G. Ervin","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-21-00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-21-00022","url":null,"abstract":"Limnobium spongia (frogbit) is a free-floating aquatic plant that can produce extensive floating mats causing negative ecological, social, and economic impacts that can harm aquatic fauna (i.e., dissolved oxygen depletion) and restrict human uses of water. Literature describing effective control measures for frogbit is minimal. Efficacy of high and low doses of seven foliar-applied herbicides (2,4-D, florpyraux-ifen-benzyl, flumioxazin, glyphosate, imazamox, imazapyr, and triclopyr) were evaluated in a mesocosm setting in the summers of 2018, 2020, and 2021. Both emergent and submersed frogbit biomass were reduced at least 99% by imazamox (0.56 and 1.11 kg ai ha1) and imazapyr (0.42 and 0.84 kg ae ha1) 8 wk after treatment (WAT) compared with nontreated reference plants. Triclopyr (6.71 kg ae ha1) reduced frogbit biomass 92% and flumioxazin (0.42 kg ai ha1) reduced biomass 87 to 93% compared with reference plants. 2,4-D (2.12 and 4.24 kg ae ha1), glyphosate (2.83 and 5.67 kg ai ha1), triclopyr (3.36 kg ae ha1), florpyrauxifen-benzyl (0.02 and 0.05 kg ai ha1), and flumioxazin (0.21 kg ai ha1) did not reduce frogbit biomass 8 WAT compared with reference plants. Future research should consider the efficacy of different herbicide combinations to control frogbit, as well as the role of diluent volume per unit area, especially with imazamox and imazapyr. Field studies also will be useful in determining whether the results observed in this study will translate to management of frogbit in natural settings.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.57257/japm-d-22-00007
Jacob L. Moore, Mitchell O'Neall, Colleen Lutz, S. Pearson
Water chestnut (Trapa natans) is an invasive macrophyte negatively impacting native aquatic communities in the United States. In New York state, water chestnut occurrence is monitored through iMapInvasives, a public database that includes several data fields for all records, such as distribution type (or categorical density). Biomass is not regularly recorded in iMapInvasives but is important as a secondary measurement to gauge primary production, nutrient uptake, and invasive impact. Lack of biomass data in iMapInvasives may be addressed with alternative methods of acquiring biomass information from records. The primary goal of this project was to develop methods that allow comparable biomass estimates to be made using a measured area and an observed distribution type in the iMapInvasives database. Nine locations were sampled for water chestnut in June and July 2021. Areas of sparse, dense, and monoculture growth were recorded along with trace points. Collected plants were cleaned, measured, and dried to obtain final dry biomass density values for each distribution type. Density values were highest in monocul-ture and lowest in sparse but also varied based on location and date. ANOVA testing indicated that plant density, rosette growth, and rosette width varied among distribution types. Our water chestnut measurements were used to create formulas that can estimate biomass using presence-and distribution-type data in iMapInvasives. These formulas may be useful for stakeholders and managers seeking to understand the invasive impact of water chestnut and assess its change in abundance over time.
{"title":"Water chestnut biomass estimates using density as a proxy: Facilitating multiyear comparisons with a streamlined approach","authors":"Jacob L. Moore, Mitchell O'Neall, Colleen Lutz, S. Pearson","doi":"10.57257/japm-d-22-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57257/japm-d-22-00007","url":null,"abstract":"Water chestnut (Trapa natans) is an invasive macrophyte negatively impacting native aquatic communities in the United States. In New York state, water chestnut occurrence is monitored through iMapInvasives, a public database that includes several data fields for all records, such as distribution type (or categorical density). Biomass is not regularly recorded in iMapInvasives but is important as a secondary measurement to gauge primary production, nutrient uptake, and invasive impact. Lack of biomass data in iMapInvasives may be addressed with alternative methods of acquiring biomass information from records. The primary goal of this project was to develop methods that allow comparable biomass estimates to be made using a measured area and an observed distribution type in the iMapInvasives database. Nine locations were sampled for water chestnut in June and July 2021. Areas of sparse, dense, and monoculture growth were recorded along with trace points. Collected plants were cleaned, measured, and dried to obtain final dry biomass density values for each distribution type. Density values were highest in monocul-ture and lowest in sparse but also varied based on location and date. ANOVA testing indicated that plant density, rosette growth, and rosette width varied among distribution types. Our water chestnut measurements were used to create formulas that can estimate biomass using presence-and distribution-type data in iMapInvasives. These formulas may be useful for stakeholders and managers seeking to understand the invasive impact of water chestnut and assess its change in abundance over time.","PeriodicalId":15100,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aquatic Plant Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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