Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337332
J. F. Stack
Today, the adjustable speed AC drive industry is experiencing dynamic advances in applying various new technologies to standard drives which were historically confined to research labs. These advances are leading to many practical benefits for the users of this type of equipment including: lower initial costs, smaller size, robustness to eliminate nuisance tripping, enhanced motor and drive protective capabilities, reduced mean-time-to-repair, and improved performance capabilities that greatly reduce the risk of improper application. This paper provides an overview of these advances in the three interrelated fields of power semi-conductor devices, drive packaging and control algorithms.<>
{"title":"Advances in AC drive technology","authors":"J. F. Stack","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337332","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the adjustable speed AC drive industry is experiencing dynamic advances in applying various new technologies to standard drives which were historically confined to research labs. These advances are leading to many practical benefits for the users of this type of equipment including: lower initial costs, smaller size, robustness to eliminate nuisance tripping, enhanced motor and drive protective capabilities, reduced mean-time-to-repair, and improved performance capabilities that greatly reduce the risk of improper application. This paper provides an overview of these advances in the three interrelated fields of power semi-conductor devices, drive packaging and control algorithms.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134527227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337325
S. Thomas
Plastics processing companies all over the world are facing similar demands from their customers. Whether they are custom processors molding parts for a variety of outside firms or captive operations supplying internal needs, the challenges are the same...to improve quality and service to their customers while lowering costs and pricing.<>
{"title":"Real-time production control and process management for injection molding processes","authors":"S. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337325","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics processing companies all over the world are facing similar demands from their customers. Whether they are custom processors molding parts for a variety of outside firms or captive operations supplying internal needs, the challenges are the same...to improve quality and service to their customers while lowering costs and pricing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114343295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337333
J. Pool
The 1993 National Electrical Code Book received well over 1300 revisions and additions. Two new articles have been added: New Article 343 provides coverage of preassembled Cable in Nonmetallic Conduit; New Article 455 covers Phase Converters. Also, many articles have had major changes and revisions throughout the text. Sections, paragraphs, fine print notes, and exceptions have been moved and reorganized within the articles. Many paragraphs and exceptions have been deleted, reworked, or rewritten. The following synopsis is intended to summarize only the most significant additions and revisions within the 1993 National Electrical Code Book. The areas appearing in this synopsis were selected on the basis of their general interest, magnitude of change, and their overall impact to the electrical construction industry as determined by the author. In many cases, comment in the form of examples and applications of the additions and revisions is provided in order to provide a better understanding of the new rules and how they may affect the installation of new equipment, and workmanship in the future.<>
{"title":"Update on the 1993 National Electrical Code Book","authors":"J. Pool","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337333","url":null,"abstract":"The 1993 National Electrical Code Book received well over 1300 revisions and additions. Two new articles have been added: New Article 343 provides coverage of preassembled Cable in Nonmetallic Conduit; New Article 455 covers Phase Converters. Also, many articles have had major changes and revisions throughout the text. Sections, paragraphs, fine print notes, and exceptions have been moved and reorganized within the articles. Many paragraphs and exceptions have been deleted, reworked, or rewritten. The following synopsis is intended to summarize only the most significant additions and revisions within the 1993 National Electrical Code Book. The areas appearing in this synopsis were selected on the basis of their general interest, magnitude of change, and their overall impact to the electrical construction industry as determined by the author. In many cases, comment in the form of examples and applications of the additions and revisions is provided in order to provide a better understanding of the new rules and how they may affect the installation of new equipment, and workmanship in the future.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"52 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131859215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337334
L. K. English
The influence of jury verdicts in product liability lawsuits on both manufacturers and suppliers of a wide range of products is growing. Since this influence cannot be ignored, it should be consciously incorporated in as another design input. The major theories of product liability recovery are introduced, along with some suggestions on how to address certain of the concerns raised.<>
{"title":"Product liability and the plant engineer: an introduction","authors":"L. K. English","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337334","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of jury verdicts in product liability lawsuits on both manufacturers and suppliers of a wide range of products is growing. Since this influence cannot be ignored, it should be consciously incorporated in as another design input. The major theories of product liability recovery are introduced, along with some suggestions on how to address certain of the concerns raised.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133445731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337324
T. C. Bulgrin, T. Richards
The computing power and system design of custom designed control systems makes possible the application of modern control theory in injection molding machines to achieve new standards of performance without expensive, special purpose equipment. The new line of controls from the Van Dorn Demag Corporation uses digital filters, state transition logic, and high order temperature state control to more accurately control the molding machine process. The use of digital filters together with state transition logic reduces the controller response time latency, improves cycle to cycle repeatability, and predicts future positions of the molding machine clamp for use in clamp braking. The temperature state control system uses real time mathematical modeling of the barrel and tracking of estimated thermal disturbances to better control the barrel temperature. These techniques are applied to a wide variety of injection molding machine types and sizes and can be done in a way which makes the programming and operation of the machines less difficult than with traditional methods.<>
{"title":"The application of advanced control theory to enhance molding machine performance","authors":"T. C. Bulgrin, T. Richards","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337324","url":null,"abstract":"The computing power and system design of custom designed control systems makes possible the application of modern control theory in injection molding machines to achieve new standards of performance without expensive, special purpose equipment. The new line of controls from the Van Dorn Demag Corporation uses digital filters, state transition logic, and high order temperature state control to more accurately control the molding machine process. The use of digital filters together with state transition logic reduces the controller response time latency, improves cycle to cycle repeatability, and predicts future positions of the molding machine clamp for use in clamp braking. The temperature state control system uses real time mathematical modeling of the barrel and tracking of estimated thermal disturbances to better control the barrel temperature. These techniques are applied to a wide variety of injection molding machine types and sizes and can be done in a way which makes the programming and operation of the machines less difficult than with traditional methods.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122348095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337323
J. Thoma
In many cases future processing of rubber and plastics may require closer temperature tolerances be kept. Unintended process upset in temperature could affect certain part characteristics such as color, durability and dimensions. The following is an examination of various types of PID computations and fuzzy logic in the area of temperature control. As the microprocessor becomes faster, better techniques for controlling processes more precisely are being made. Former methods of temperature control, in either analog or digital technology, had early forms of control algorithms. These building blocks were on/off control, progressing to proportional control and then integral and derivative functions. Each was an improvement but each had its own difficulties in responding to system upsets and stability. Conventional temperature controls in the past, in either analog or digital, had early forms of control algorithms. These controls were on/off, progressing to P (proportional), I (integral), D (derivative), and combinations of these. Each had its own difficulties in responding to system upsets and stability.<>
{"title":"Advanced control techniques, examining fuzzy logic and alternative PID control actions on injection molding processes","authors":"J. Thoma","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337323","url":null,"abstract":"In many cases future processing of rubber and plastics may require closer temperature tolerances be kept. Unintended process upset in temperature could affect certain part characteristics such as color, durability and dimensions. The following is an examination of various types of PID computations and fuzzy logic in the area of temperature control. As the microprocessor becomes faster, better techniques for controlling processes more precisely are being made. Former methods of temperature control, in either analog or digital technology, had early forms of control algorithms. These building blocks were on/off control, progressing to proportional control and then integral and derivative functions. Each was an improvement but each had its own difficulties in responding to system upsets and stability. Conventional temperature controls in the past, in either analog or digital, had early forms of control algorithms. These controls were on/off, progressing to P (proportional), I (integral), D (derivative), and combinations of these. Each had its own difficulties in responding to system upsets and stability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130646258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337328
L.E. Stockline
The call in the 1990's is for a higher level of quality at a faster rate. This task can be insurmountable if process control is not taken to a new level of implementation. Today we attempt to understand the results of a product produced, and correct any variations in this process, after the product is produced. In the future a self teaching "ideal" signature of the process will be stored after the process has been optimized. A trending tolerance will be established so that, in-process, any changes can be observed, and corrective actions can be taken. Force and color monitoring are but two of the many in-process methods which are being employed by a self teaching method. Slave microprocessors can then be provided that monitor the application whenever product is involved. The next step would then have the slaves report to a PC host that collects trending data. This then would allow a "cause and effect" analysis which can be seen in real time, whenever a change in the process is being manually manipulated. The end result will be online inspection that will eliminate many of the offline manual inspections.<>
{"title":"Process condition monitoring","authors":"L.E. Stockline","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337328","url":null,"abstract":"The call in the 1990's is for a higher level of quality at a faster rate. This task can be insurmountable if process control is not taken to a new level of implementation. Today we attempt to understand the results of a product produced, and correct any variations in this process, after the product is produced. In the future a self teaching \"ideal\" signature of the process will be stored after the process has been optimized. A trending tolerance will be established so that, in-process, any changes can be observed, and corrective actions can be taken. Force and color monitoring are but two of the many in-process methods which are being employed by a self teaching method. Slave microprocessors can then be provided that monitor the application whenever product is involved. The next step would then have the slaves report to a PC host that collects trending data. This then would allow a \"cause and effect\" analysis which can be seen in real time, whenever a change in the process is being manually manipulated. The end result will be online inspection that will eliminate many of the offline manual inspections.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132189752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337327
J. W. Stroud, D.A. Vernyi
In recent years, several studies have been undertaken to further understand and define the process of compression molding. As critical process parameters are defined, engineers become responsible for implementing new control technology capable of monitoring and controlling these new found parameters. Process parameters being controlled by today's programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are critical to part quality. Closing velocity, densification pressure, curing time and pressure, and clamp control during in mold coating applications are vital. An in depth look at these parameters, how they are controlled by the PLC, and how to interface this new control to the operator are presented for consideration.<>
{"title":"Process considerations for the application of PLC control to compression molders","authors":"J. W. Stroud, D.A. Vernyi","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337327","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, several studies have been undertaken to further understand and define the process of compression molding. As critical process parameters are defined, engineers become responsible for implementing new control technology capable of monitoring and controlling these new found parameters. Process parameters being controlled by today's programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are critical to part quality. Closing velocity, densification pressure, curing time and pressure, and clamp control during in mold coating applications are vital. An in depth look at these parameters, how they are controlled by the PLC, and how to interface this new control to the operator are presented for consideration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128006278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337326
R.W. Matthes, M. Rossi, D. Baglia, D. Vandersall
The authors discuss the linear displacement transducers typically used on injection molding machines. The describe in detail inductive devices, resistive sensors, linear encoders and magnetostrictive sensors. They then discuss the applications of magnetostrictive transducers on injection molding machines.<>
{"title":"Magnetostrictive position sensors for injection molding machines","authors":"R.W. Matthes, M. Rossi, D. Baglia, D. Vandersall","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337326","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss the linear displacement transducers typically used on injection molding machines. The describe in detail inductive devices, resistive sensors, linear encoders and magnetostrictive sensors. They then discuss the applications of magnetostrictive transducers on injection molding machines.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115738173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-04-26DOI: 10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337329
J. Dininger
The key to implementing control of the injection molding process is to utilize a strategy through which one understands the molding process from a plastics point of view. It is extremely important to understand the plastic as it flows through the barrel of the machine and into the mold, as well as understanding how the various variables of the process acting on the plastic material determine the characteristics of the finished plastic part. To achieve the maximum degree of process control and have positive effects on the finished plastic product being molded, it is important to measure and control these plastics variables. All molding machine settings and environmental factors can be directly or indirectly translated into these plastics variables. Although there are four plastics variables that affect finished plastic product outcome, for purposes of this discussion the author looks at two of these plastics variables plus one lessor variable that relates to finished part quality and productivity. These plastics variables are: plastics melt (stock) temperature; plastics cooling rate; and another related plastics variable: plastics moisture content.<>
{"title":"Three critical measurements on injection molding processes","authors":"J. Dininger","doi":"10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RAPCON.1994.337329","url":null,"abstract":"The key to implementing control of the injection molding process is to utilize a strategy through which one understands the molding process from a plastics point of view. It is extremely important to understand the plastic as it flows through the barrel of the machine and into the mold, as well as understanding how the various variables of the process acting on the plastic material determine the characteristics of the finished plastic part. To achieve the maximum degree of process control and have positive effects on the finished plastic product being molded, it is important to measure and control these plastics variables. All molding machine settings and environmental factors can be directly or indirectly translated into these plastics variables. Although there are four plastics variables that affect finished plastic product outcome, for purposes of this discussion the author looks at two of these plastics variables plus one lessor variable that relates to finished part quality and productivity. These plastics variables are: plastics melt (stock) temperature; plastics cooling rate; and another related plastics variable: plastics moisture content.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":151291,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of IEEE Technical Conference on Rubber and Plastics Industry","volume":"8 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130842251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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