Pub Date : 2012-08-02DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95453.V1
F. Hanif, D. Singh
The molluscicidal activity of Morus nigra fruit, bark and leaf powder against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. Toxicity of fruit powder (96h LC 50 : 166.92 mg/L) was more pronounced in comparison to bark powder (96h LC 50 : 173.17 mg/L) and leaf powder (96h LC 50 : 173.69 mg/L). Ethanolic extracts of M . nigra fruit, bark and leaf was more toxic than their other organic solvent extracts. The molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extract of M . nigra fruit powder (24h LC 50 : 116.23 mg/L) was more effective than the ethanolic extract of bark powder (24h LC 50 : 154.41 mg/L) and leaf powder (24h LC 50 : 139.80 mg/L). The 96h LC 50 of column-purified fraction of M . nigra fruit powder was, 10.03 mg/L whereas that of bark and leaf powder was 8.69 mg/L and 4.97 mg/L, respectively. Column and thin layer chromatography analysis demonstrates that the active molluscicidal component in M . nigra is quercetin (96h LC 50 : 1.11 mg/L), apigenin (96h LC 50 : 1.92 mg/L) and morusin (96h LC 50 : 2.12 mg/L), respectively. Co-migration of quercetin (R f 0.49), apigenin (R f 0.51) and morusin (R f 0.52) with column-purified fruit, bark and leaf of M . nigra on thin layer chromatography demonstrates same R f value. The present study indicates that M . nigra may be used as potent source of molluscicides against the snail Lymnaea acuminata .
{"title":"Molluscicidal activity of Morus nigra against the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata","authors":"F. Hanif, D. Singh","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95453.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95453.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The molluscicidal activity of Morus nigra fruit, bark and leaf powder against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. Toxicity of fruit powder (96h LC 50 : 166.92 mg/L) was more pronounced in comparison to bark powder (96h LC 50 : 173.17 mg/L) and leaf powder (96h LC 50 : 173.69 mg/L). Ethanolic extracts of M . nigra fruit, bark and leaf was more toxic than their other organic solvent extracts. The molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extract of M . nigra fruit powder (24h LC 50 : 116.23 mg/L) was more effective than the ethanolic extract of bark powder (24h LC 50 : 154.41 mg/L) and leaf powder (24h LC 50 : 139.80 mg/L). The 96h LC 50 of column-purified fraction of M . nigra fruit powder was, 10.03 mg/L whereas that of bark and leaf powder was 8.69 mg/L and 4.97 mg/L, respectively. Column and thin layer chromatography analysis demonstrates that the active molluscicidal component in M . nigra is quercetin (96h LC 50 : 1.11 mg/L), apigenin (96h LC 50 : 1.92 mg/L) and morusin (96h LC 50 : 2.12 mg/L), respectively. Co-migration of quercetin (R f 0.49), apigenin (R f 0.51) and morusin (R f 0.52) with column-purified fruit, bark and leaf of M . nigra on thin layer chromatography demonstrates same R f value. The present study indicates that M . nigra may be used as potent source of molluscicides against the snail Lymnaea acuminata .","PeriodicalId":15144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences","volume":"02 1","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-15DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95498.V1
M. Ghoreishi, Yaghoob Hossini, M. Maftoon
Mango ( Mangifera indica L.), one of the most popular tropical fruits, is cultivated in a considerable part of southern Iran. Leaf area is a valuable parameter in mango research, especially plant physiological and nutrition field. Most of available methods for estimating plant leaf area are difficult to apply, expensive and destructive which could in turn destroy the canopy and consequently make it difficult to perform further tests on the same plant. Therefore, a non-destructive method which is simple, inexpensive, and could yield an accurate estimation of leaf area will be a great benefit to researchers. A regression analysis was performed in order to determine the relationship between the leaf area and leaf width, leaf length, dry and fresh weight. For this purpose 50 mango seedlings of local selections were randomly took from a nursery in the Hormozgan province, and different parts of plants were separated in laboratory. Leaf area was measured by different method included leaf area meter, planimeter, ruler (length and width) and the fresh and dry weight of leaves were also measured. The best regression models were statistically selected using Determination Coefficient, Maximum Error, Model Efficiency, Root Mean Square Error and Coefficient of Residual Mass. Overall, based on regression equation, a satisfactory estimation of leaf area was obtained by measuring the non-destructive parameters, i.e. number of leaf per seedling, length of the longest and width of widest leaf (R 2 = 0.88) and also destructive parameters, i.e. dry weight (R 2 = 0.94) and fresh weight (R 2 = 0.94) of leaves.
{"title":"Simple models for predicting leaf area of mango (Mangifera indica L.)","authors":"M. Ghoreishi, Yaghoob Hossini, M. Maftoon","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95498.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95498.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Mango ( Mangifera indica L.), one of the most popular tropical fruits, is cultivated in a considerable part of southern Iran. Leaf area is a valuable parameter in mango research, especially plant physiological and nutrition field. Most of available methods for estimating plant leaf area are difficult to apply, expensive and destructive which could in turn destroy the canopy and consequently make it difficult to perform further tests on the same plant. Therefore, a non-destructive method which is simple, inexpensive, and could yield an accurate estimation of leaf area will be a great benefit to researchers. A regression analysis was performed in order to determine the relationship between the leaf area and leaf width, leaf length, dry and fresh weight. For this purpose 50 mango seedlings of local selections were randomly took from a nursery in the Hormozgan province, and different parts of plants were separated in laboratory. Leaf area was measured by different method included leaf area meter, planimeter, ruler (length and width) and the fresh and dry weight of leaves were also measured. The best regression models were statistically selected using Determination Coefficient, Maximum Error, Model Efficiency, Root Mean Square Error and Coefficient of Residual Mass. Overall, based on regression equation, a satisfactory estimation of leaf area was obtained by measuring the non-destructive parameters, i.e. number of leaf per seedling, length of the longest and width of widest leaf (R 2 = 0.88) and also destructive parameters, i.e. dry weight (R 2 = 0.94) and fresh weight (R 2 = 0.94) of leaves.","PeriodicalId":15144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-09DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95580.V1
I. Elizarova, T. Bayanova
The standard samples of diorite, granite and anorthosite (National Centre for Petrographic and Geochemical Research (CRPG CNRS, Nancy, France) were analyzed to measure rare-earth element (REE) concentrations by the ICP MS method (quadrupole ELAN 9000 DRC-e) without preliminary dilution and concentration procedures. The certified values of REE concentrations measured on ELEMENT-2 mass-spectrometer by ICP MS method in Nancy are also well reproduced on ELAN 9000. The mass-spectrometer analytical environment and modes of operation were adjusted to detect REE in sulphide minerals by the example of the pyrite from the PGE Penikat layered intrusion (Finland) and chalcopyrite from the Talnakh deposit (Kazakhstan). The total REE content in the pyrite is ca. 3.5 ppm, that is enough to establish Sm-Nd age of pyrite. By the example of State Standard Sample 2463 (apatite, Russia) it is shown how to apply the mineral/chondrite spectra to evaluate the accuracy of the REE analytical results.
{"title":"Mass-spectrometric REE analysis in sulphide minerals","authors":"I. Elizarova, T. Bayanova","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95580.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95580.V1","url":null,"abstract":"The standard samples of diorite, granite and anorthosite (National Centre for Petrographic and Geochemical Research (CRPG CNRS, Nancy, France) were analyzed to measure rare-earth element (REE) concentrations by the ICP MS method (quadrupole ELAN 9000 DRC-e) without preliminary dilution and concentration procedures. The certified values of REE concentrations measured on ELEMENT-2 mass-spectrometer by ICP MS method in Nancy are also well reproduced on ELAN 9000. The mass-spectrometer analytical environment and modes of operation were adjusted to detect REE in sulphide minerals by the example of the pyrite from the PGE Penikat layered intrusion (Finland) and chalcopyrite from the Talnakh deposit (Kazakhstan). The total REE content in the pyrite is ca. 3.5 ppm, that is enough to establish Sm-Nd age of pyrite. By the example of State Standard Sample 2463 (apatite, Russia) it is shown how to apply the mineral/chondrite spectra to evaluate the accuracy of the REE analytical results.","PeriodicalId":15144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-26DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95583.V2
M. Huber, W. Heflik, A. Pattek-Janczyk, M. Pitak, K. Stadnicka, S. G. Skublov
Introduction: The Lapland Granulite Belt is placed on the Kandalaksha region (Kola Peninsula, Russia). The rocks of this Belt are composed mainly of amphibolites and granulites. Materials and methods: The research were focused on the garnets from the amphibolite and granulite rocks of Lapland Granulite Belt. The petrological methods like polarizing microscopy (PM), SEM-EDS, XRD for powdered samples and single crystal diffraction were used together with IR and Mossbauer spectroscopy and REE analysis by ion–microprobe. Results: It was found that the garnets from studied amphibolite and granulite rocks could be classified to pyralspite group without hydrogarnets components, so they were formed in high metamorphic facies. Conclusions: The joint geological observations and results of the performed experiments suggest that the garnets were subject of a blastesy, i.e. there were formed in long lasting metamorphic processes of low dynamics, except of those garnets from tectonic zones, found in the vicinity of mineral veins.
{"title":"Investigations of garnets from polymetamorphic rocks of the Lapland Granulite Belt of the Kandalaksha Region","authors":"M. Huber, W. Heflik, A. Pattek-Janczyk, M. Pitak, K. Stadnicka, S. G. Skublov","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95583.V2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95583.V2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Lapland Granulite Belt is placed on the Kandalaksha region (Kola Peninsula, Russia). The rocks of this Belt are composed mainly of amphibolites and granulites. Materials and methods: The research were focused on the garnets from the amphibolite and granulite rocks of Lapland Granulite Belt. The petrological methods like polarizing microscopy (PM), SEM-EDS, XRD for powdered samples and single crystal diffraction were used together with IR and Mossbauer spectroscopy and REE analysis by ion–microprobe. Results: It was found that the garnets from studied amphibolite and granulite rocks could be classified to pyralspite group without hydrogarnets components, so they were formed in high metamorphic facies. Conclusions: The joint geological observations and results of the performed experiments suggest that the garnets were subject of a blastesy, i.e. there were formed in long lasting metamorphic processes of low dynamics, except of those garnets from tectonic zones, found in the vicinity of mineral veins.","PeriodicalId":15144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-22DOI: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95564.V1
N. Kanunnikova
Glutamic acid is an essential participant of brain metabolism. It is known that the glutamate is a neurotransmitter in a numerous part of the brain synapses and acts through various ionotropic or metabotropic receptors. Multiple alterations of the brain glutamate system are observed in both acute and chronic brain injures. Glutamate metabolism changes take place in many neurodegenerative pathologies, such as brain ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc. These disruptions may be related to changes of glutamate metabolism enzyme activities, alterations of the main energy formation reactions in mitochondria, and shifts of oxidation/redox balance in cells. Potential targets for therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in chronic treatment, can include the drugs for recovery of glutamate metabolism system.
{"title":"Role of brain glutamic acid metabolism changes in neurodegenerative pathologies","authors":"N. Kanunnikova","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95564.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.95564.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Glutamic acid is an essential participant of brain metabolism. It is known that the glutamate is a neurotransmitter in a numerous part of the brain synapses and acts through various ionotropic or metabotropic receptors. Multiple alterations of the brain glutamate system are observed in both acute and chronic brain injures. Glutamate metabolism changes take place in many neurodegenerative pathologies, such as brain ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc. These disruptions may be related to changes of glutamate metabolism enzyme activities, alterations of the main energy formation reactions in mitochondria, and shifts of oxidation/redox balance in cells. Potential targets for therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in chronic treatment, can include the drugs for recovery of glutamate metabolism system.","PeriodicalId":15144,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biology and Earth Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71221605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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