Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch006
Namita Kapoor, Sangeeta Jauhari, D. Maheshwari
The demand for resources is increasing in India because of growth, changing lifestyles, and aspirations of people for improving lifestyles, but the major challenge for the economy is to provide these economically without hampering the ecology and society negatively. The negation of externalities resulting from the use of resources is the major challenge for the policymakers along with providing balanced developmental avenues to the society. The framework to achieve efficiency in resource use can be appropriately designed through innovative ways and policies. The Indian economy over the last few years has clearly moved to controlled regulation from command through the practice of economic instruments for regulations. The policy adopted by India to achieve circularity includes the financial support and guidance for research and development, formulation of standards like ECOMARKS, public procurements, and certification and self-regulation, which are discussed in the chapter.
{"title":"Policies for Promoting the Circular Economy in India","authors":"Namita Kapoor, Sangeeta Jauhari, D. Maheshwari","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for resources is increasing in India because of growth, changing lifestyles, and aspirations of people for improving lifestyles, but the major challenge for the economy is to provide these economically without hampering the ecology and society negatively. The negation of externalities resulting from the use of resources is the major challenge for the policymakers along with providing balanced developmental avenues to the society. The framework to achieve efficiency in resource use can be appropriately designed through innovative ways and policies. The Indian economy over the last few years has clearly moved to controlled regulation from command through the practice of economic instruments for regulations. The policy adopted by India to achieve circularity includes the financial support and guidance for research and development, formulation of standards like ECOMARKS, public procurements, and certification and self-regulation, which are discussed in the chapter.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch007
Varun Chotia, Vranda Jain
In contrast to the traditional linear economic model, which is primarily based on the 'take-make-consume-throw away' pattern, the concept of circular economy is based on the principles of sharing, leasing, reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling, revolving in a closed-loop, where the value focus is on products and the materials which these products contain. In simple words, it focuses on waste reduction to a minimum level. From an Indian perspective, the idea has immense potential as it could deliver numerous opportunities like less pressure on the environment, a higher level of competitiveness, better security in terms of supply of raw materials, more innovation, higher growth, and more jobs. At the same time, this shift also brings along certain challenges like financing issues, the need for key economic enablers, skill requirements, consumer behaviour and business models, and the need for multi-level governance.
{"title":"Visualising the Prospective Circular Economy","authors":"Varun Chotia, Vranda Jain","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the traditional linear economic model, which is primarily based on the 'take-make-consume-throw away' pattern, the concept of circular economy is based on the principles of sharing, leasing, reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling, revolving in a closed-loop, where the value focus is on products and the materials which these products contain. In simple words, it focuses on waste reduction to a minimum level. From an Indian perspective, the idea has immense potential as it could deliver numerous opportunities like less pressure on the environment, a higher level of competitiveness, better security in terms of supply of raw materials, more innovation, higher growth, and more jobs. At the same time, this shift also brings along certain challenges like financing issues, the need for key economic enablers, skill requirements, consumer behaviour and business models, and the need for multi-level governance.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125888456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.CH001
J. Vargas-Hérnandez
The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the green and circular economy (GCE) model from the point of view of the resources and capacities of the organization. How is the application of the circular economy model related to strategic management? At first glance, it seems that the CE is operating within an operational level with a social impact, but it also has implications that allow us to think that it can be used as an internal resource of the company that, if applied in the right way, it can become a competitive advantage; in other words, the application of the CE is related to strategic management through the point of view based on resources and capabilities. Therefore, the present investigation has a descriptive-correlational nature, which was analyzed through Peng's VRIO framework.
{"title":"Circular-Green Economy","authors":"J. Vargas-Hérnandez","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.CH001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.CH001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the green and circular economy (GCE) model from the point of view of the resources and capacities of the organization. How is the application of the circular economy model related to strategic management? At first glance, it seems that the CE is operating within an operational level with a social impact, but it also has implications that allow us to think that it can be used as an internal resource of the company that, if applied in the right way, it can become a competitive advantage; in other words, the application of the CE is related to strategic management through the point of view based on resources and capabilities. Therefore, the present investigation has a descriptive-correlational nature, which was analyzed through Peng's VRIO framework.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122968431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch012
Charul Agrawal, T. Duggal
In recent years, the need of every corporation to address the environmental issues has grown multifold. The corporate social responsibility concerns are growing, and it has become an indicator to judge a business performance. In the context of increasing environmental concerns where issues of pollution, generation of wastes, use of toxic substances for packaging, etc. are gaining strong ground, the consumers have also become alarmed and they fully understand the implications of such issues both on nature and earth. The chapter aims to study the behaviour and the change therein of Indian consumers. It is true that all the efforts and policies targeted towards initiative of green marketing cannot be realised if it is not received by the consumers. The chapter proposes to cover the concept of green marketing and its relation to the circular economy, the green marketing practices in Indian context, the attitude and preference of the Indian consumer towards green products, and the switch in the purchase pattern of the Indian consumers with respect to green/recycled products.
{"title":"A Study of Consumer Switching Behaviour in the Indian Context With Respect to Recycled Products","authors":"Charul Agrawal, T. Duggal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the need of every corporation to address the environmental issues has grown multifold. The corporate social responsibility concerns are growing, and it has become an indicator to judge a business performance. In the context of increasing environmental concerns where issues of pollution, generation of wastes, use of toxic substances for packaging, etc. are gaining strong ground, the consumers have also become alarmed and they fully understand the implications of such issues both on nature and earth. The chapter aims to study the behaviour and the change therein of Indian consumers. It is true that all the efforts and policies targeted towards initiative of green marketing cannot be realised if it is not received by the consumers. The chapter proposes to cover the concept of green marketing and its relation to the circular economy, the green marketing practices in Indian context, the attitude and preference of the Indian consumer towards green products, and the switch in the purchase pattern of the Indian consumers with respect to green/recycled products.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130720878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch016
A. Deshmukh
The circular economy is based on three fundamental principles as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. This chapter explores the relationship between the circular economy principles and the water management systems to identify the integration points where the water systems can be aligned with the circular economy. The chapter also ascertains the impediments which hinder this transition and identifies the opportunities that will present themselves in this endeavor. This chapter aims to help the readers understand the social, economic, and environmental impacts that will be created when water systems get integrated into the circular economy framework.
{"title":"Water Systems in a Circular Economy","authors":"A. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch016","url":null,"abstract":"The circular economy is based on three fundamental principles as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. This chapter explores the relationship between the circular economy principles and the water management systems to identify the integration points where the water systems can be aligned with the circular economy. The chapter also ascertains the impediments which hinder this transition and identifies the opportunities that will present themselves in this endeavor. This chapter aims to help the readers understand the social, economic, and environmental impacts that will be created when water systems get integrated into the circular economy framework.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123637280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch009
Santosh Kumar
Mango orchards in Bihar are managed through four different types of sales contracts, namely fully self-managed, short-tenure sales contract, long-term sales contract, and last quarter sales contract. This study has attempted to appraise the impact of different types of sales contracts on mango yield and farmers' income. Results indicate that last quarter sales contract is most sustainable followed by fully self-managed contracts. The remaining two contracts are neither sustainable nor financially viable. The higher sustainability of the last quarter's sales contract is attributed to clean landholding of the owners, optimal use of flowering inducers (PBZ), and segregated rights of merchants and owners.
{"title":"Sustainable and Circular Mango Farming Through Redesigning Sales Contracts","authors":"Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"Mango orchards in Bihar are managed through four different types of sales contracts, namely fully self-managed, short-tenure sales contract, long-term sales contract, and last quarter sales contract. This study has attempted to appraise the impact of different types of sales contracts on mango yield and farmers' income. Results indicate that last quarter sales contract is most sustainable followed by fully self-managed contracts. The remaining two contracts are neither sustainable nor financially viable. The higher sustainability of the last quarter's sales contract is attributed to clean landholding of the owners, optimal use of flowering inducers (PBZ), and segregated rights of merchants and owners.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122163485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch008
I. Jaswal
A circular economy advocates the use of resources for the longest time possible and to further regenerate materials when such resources are at the end of their service life. The movement towards a circular economy brings structural changes in an economy, and this, in turn, can potentially impact the international trade regime. Consequently, the aim should be to achieve material circularity among various countries of the world. While transiting towards a circular economy, nations introduce superfluous trade restrictions and at times enter into trade disputes with trade partners. It is imperative that circular economy policies and trade policies are reciprocally supportive. International cooperation on circular economy value chains should thus be explored for coordination of quality standards of materials, promoting demand for second-hand goods and secondary raw materials, removing unnecessary regulatory barriers, and to avoid environmentally harmful activities.
{"title":"International Trade in the Realm of the Circular Economy","authors":"I. Jaswal","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"A circular economy advocates the use of resources for the longest time possible and to further regenerate materials when such resources are at the end of their service life. The movement towards a circular economy brings structural changes in an economy, and this, in turn, can potentially impact the international trade regime. Consequently, the aim should be to achieve material circularity among various countries of the world. While transiting towards a circular economy, nations introduce superfluous trade restrictions and at times enter into trade disputes with trade partners. It is imperative that circular economy policies and trade policies are reciprocally supportive. International cooperation on circular economy value chains should thus be explored for coordination of quality standards of materials, promoting demand for second-hand goods and secondary raw materials, removing unnecessary regulatory barriers, and to avoid environmentally harmful activities.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129969173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch011
Sweety Gupta, Anshu Yadav
The growing awareness among the society has led to a demand of a sustainable banking. Sustainable development promotes society betterment, and it also benefits the bank in several ways. One such factor is an increase in organization commitment among bank employees as a result of sustainable banking. This study revolves around finding the impact of sustainable banking towards the organization commitment level of bank employees in Delhi. For this study, 550 questionnaires were sent to the respondents. Out of the questionnaire sent, only 450 were found useful for further study. Convenient sampling was used to gather data from bankers. Correlation and regression analysis were done in AMOS to study the relationship between both the stated variables.
{"title":"Impact of Sustainable Banking (E-Banking) on the Organisational Commitment Level of Bank Employees in Delhi","authors":"Sweety Gupta, Anshu Yadav","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"The growing awareness among the society has led to a demand of a sustainable banking. Sustainable development promotes society betterment, and it also benefits the bank in several ways. One such factor is an increase in organization commitment among bank employees as a result of sustainable banking. This study revolves around finding the impact of sustainable banking towards the organization commitment level of bank employees in Delhi. For this study, 550 questionnaires were sent to the respondents. Out of the questionnaire sent, only 450 were found useful for further study. Convenient sampling was used to gather data from bankers. Correlation and regression analysis were done in AMOS to study the relationship between both the stated variables.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115966347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Virtual water flows (VWF) among states or countries have been proposed as a viable solution to mitigate water scarcity. The aim of this study is to assess the virtual water content and flows from India, for six cash crops, coffee, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco, and their derived products over a period 1980-2013. The virtual water trade (VWT) estimates across three time periods show India to be a net exporter of virtual water for all the cash crops, except jute. The quantity of virtual water traded has increased over the decades with the increase in the quantum of crops traded. With free trade policies and the opening up of the economy, export quantities increased during the 1990s and the period thereafter, leading to larger virtual water exports. Sustainable agricultural practices for all crops, and in all countries, can help in reducing the water flow of these crops and help in controlling the water scarcity solution.
{"title":"Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Cash Crops","authors":"Sunakshi Budhiraja, Sukanya Das, Badri Narayanan Gopala Krishnan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual water flows (VWF) among states or countries have been proposed as a viable solution to mitigate water scarcity. The aim of this study is to assess the virtual water content and flows from India, for six cash crops, coffee, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea, and tobacco, and their derived products over a period 1980-2013. The virtual water trade (VWT) estimates across three time periods show India to be a net exporter of virtual water for all the cash crops, except jute. The quantity of virtual water traded has increased over the decades with the increase in the quantum of crops traded. With free trade policies and the opening up of the economy, export quantities increased during the 1990s and the period thereafter, leading to larger virtual water exports. Sustainable agricultural practices for all crops, and in all countries, can help in reducing the water flow of these crops and help in controlling the water scarcity solution.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128416219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch002
B. Gopalakrishnan, Anchal Jain, Nathalie Chalon
In this chapter, the authors conduct original research on household emissions based on data from various sources in the literature. They analyze the extent of reduction of GHG emissions by adopting zero waste strategies by the households voluntarily, incurring no costs, but rather savings in wasteful expenditure. They then model this extent of reductions using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to understand what could have been the carbon tax imposed to achieve this extent of GHG reduction. From the analysis, they find about 50% of GHG potential can be reduced from household emissions, as well as the associated life cycle emissions of products consumed. Reduced wasteful expenditure may facilitate both savings-led investments and the purchase of more green products by consumers, thereby boosting the economy. Therefore, they conclude that policies that incentivize zero waste lifestyle may go a long way in reducing the supposed tradeoff between the economy and the environment. They also review some strategies for the households, based on the literature, to minimize waste.
{"title":"Analysis of Circular Economy From a Household Perspective in the USA","authors":"B. Gopalakrishnan, Anchal Jain, Nathalie Chalon","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4990-2.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the authors conduct original research on household emissions based on data from various sources in the literature. They analyze the extent of reduction of GHG emissions by adopting zero waste strategies by the households voluntarily, incurring no costs, but rather savings in wasteful expenditure. They then model this extent of reductions using a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to understand what could have been the carbon tax imposed to achieve this extent of GHG reduction. From the analysis, they find about 50% of GHG potential can be reduced from household emissions, as well as the associated life cycle emissions of products consumed. Reduced wasteful expenditure may facilitate both savings-led investments and the purchase of more green products by consumers, thereby boosting the economy. Therefore, they conclude that policies that incentivize zero waste lifestyle may go a long way in reducing the supposed tradeoff between the economy and the environment. They also review some strategies for the households, based on the literature, to minimize waste.","PeriodicalId":151608,"journal":{"name":"Examining the Intersection of Circular Economy, Forestry, and International Trade","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133926271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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