Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology最新文献

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Field-Scale Deformation Analysis of Cyclic Solvent Stimulation in Thin Unconsolidated Heavy-Oil Reservoirs With Developed Wormhole Network 蚓孔网络发育的疏松稠油薄层溶剂循环增产现场尺度变形分析

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2118/165534-PA

A. Shokri, T. Babadagli

引用次数: 5

Successful Application of Hot-Water Circulation in the Pelican Lake Field: Results and Analyses of the E29 Hot-Water-Injection Pilot 热循环技术在鹈鹕湖油田的成功应用——E29热注水试验结果与分析

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2118/174491-PA

Kirk Duval, D. Gutiérrez, D. Petrakos, P. Ollier, D. Johannson

引用次数: 10

Numerical Modelling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Cohesionless Sand: Validation Against Laboratory Experiments 无黏性砂土水力压裂数值模拟:实验室实验验证

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2118/178439-PA

S. Taghipoor, A. Nouri, D. Chan

Summary In this paper, a new hydraulic-fracturing model is introduced for cohesionless sand, which is also applicable to weak sandstone for- mations with high permeability and low shear strength. Phenomena such as shear-band development and shear-enhanced permeability are of paramount importance during hydraulic fracturing of cohesionless sand or weak sandstones, which make the fracturing response quite different from what it is conventionally believed to be in competent rocks. The smeared approach in simulating hydraulic fracturing has been implemented in the proposed model within the continuum mechanics framework. Both matrix and fracture ﬂow have been considered in this model. Tensile- and shear-fracture development and their ﬂuid ﬂow were simulated. The cubic law and Touhidi-Baghi-ni’s shear-permeability model (Touhidi-Baghini 1998) were used to capture the permeability evolution and to model ﬂow in tensile and shear fractures, respectively. Shear fracturing of geomaterials involves intense localization of deformation and strain softening, which is a discontinuous phenomenon, resulting in mesh dependency of the results in the continuum model. The fracture-energy-reg-ularization method was used in this model to reduce the mesh-size dependency of the energy dissipated during fracture propagation. The smeared-fracture approach has been validated against lab- oratory hydraulic-fracturing experiments with reasonable agreement. Consistent with the experiments, the results of the numerical model indicate that tensile fractures are formed in a very small area around the injection point despite the application of high injection pressure compared with the minimum boundary stress. It is found that shear fracturing and shear-permeability evolution are the most important mechanisms that inﬂuence and control the fracturing response. The dominant fracturing mechanism is found to be governed by the high permeability and low shear strength of the material.

本文介绍了一种新的无黏性砂岩水力压裂模型，该模型同样适用于高渗透低抗剪强度的软弱砂岩。剪切带发育和剪切增强渗透率等现象在无黏性砂岩或弱砂岩水力压裂过程中至关重要，这使得压裂响应与常规认为的在能力岩中的压裂响应大不相同。该模型在连续介质力学框架下实现了模拟水力压裂的模糊方法。该模型同时考虑了基质流动和裂缝流动。模拟了拉伸和剪切裂缝发育及其流体流动。利用立方定律和Touhidi-Baghi-ni剪切渗透率模型(Touhidi-Baghini 1998)分别捕捉渗透率演化和模拟拉伸裂缝和剪切裂缝中的流动。岩土材料的剪切破裂涉及到强烈的局部化变形和应变软化，这是一种不连续现象，导致连续体模型中结果的网格依赖。该模型采用裂缝-能量正则化方法，降低了裂缝扩展过程中能量耗散对网格尺寸的依赖性。通过室内水力压裂实验验证了该方法的有效性，并取得了较好的一致性。数值模型的结果与实验结果一致，表明尽管注入压力比最小边界应力高，但在注入点周围很小的区域内仍会形成拉伸裂缝。研究发现，剪切致裂和剪切-渗透演化是影响和控制压裂响应的最重要机制。发现主要的断裂机制是由材料的高渗透性和低抗剪强度决定的。

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引用次数: 5

Natural-Fracture Reactivation in Shale Gas Reservoir and Resulting Microseismicity 页岩气储层天然裂缝再激活及其引发的微地震活动

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-12-01 DOI: 10.2118/178437-PA

A. S. A. Shahid, B. Wassing, P. Fokker, F. Verga

A geomechanical and fluid-flow coupled model was developed to simulate natural-fracture-network reactivation during hydraulicfracturing treatments in shale gas reservoirs. The fractures were modelled using the continuum approach in a commercial finitedifference code, labeled the "softening ubiquitous joints" model, with randomly distributed strength parameters to describe heterogeneity along the fracture plane. The models allow for intersecting fractures to represent realistic scenarios. The permeability values in the fractures are dynamically updated during the simulations together with the reversible tensile opening because of elastic response and irreversible shear opening caused by plastic deformations. The reactivation of the fracture network resulted in high permeability along these fracture planes. The developed model can predict microseismic events caused by slip on the fracture planes. The magnitude levels of these microseismic events are comparable with the levels observed in events monitored by use of geophone arrays during hydraulic-fracturing treatments for different shale gas reservoirs. © 2015 Society of Petroleum Engineers.

建立了一个地质力学和流体流动耦合模型，以模拟页岩气藏水力压裂过程中天然裂缝网络的再激活。采用商业有限差分代码中的连续体方法对裂缝进行建模，标记为“软化无处不在的接缝”模型，并使用随机分布的强度参数来描述裂缝面上的非均质性。这些模型允许相交的裂缝来代表真实的场景。在模拟过程中，裂缝的渗透率值与弹性响应引起的可逆拉伸张开和塑性变形引起的不可逆剪切张开一起动态更新。裂缝网络的重新激活导致沿这些裂缝面的高渗透率。所建立的模型可以预测裂缝面上滑动引起的微地震事件。这些微地震事件的震级与在不同页岩气储层水力压裂过程中使用检波器阵列监测到的事件级别相当。©2015美国石油工程师学会。

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引用次数: 8

Evaluation of the proliferation and viability rates of nucleus pulposus cells of human intervertebral disk in fabricated chitosan-gelatin scaffolds by freeze drying and freeze gelation methods. 通过冷冻干燥法和冷冻凝胶法评估人椎间盘髓核细胞在壳聚糖-明胶支架中的增殖率和存活率。

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-11-30 eCollection Date: 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.170676

Zeinab Karimi, Masoud Ghorbani, Batool Hashemibeni, Hamid Bahramian

Background: Low back pain is one of the most significant musculoskeletal diseases of our time. Intervertebral disk herniation and central degeneration of the disk are two major reasons for low back pain, which occur because of structural impairment of the disk. The reduction of cell count and extracellular matrix, especially in the nucleus pulposus, causes disk degeneration. Different scaffolds have been used for tissue repairing and regeneration of the intervertebral disk in tissue engineering. Various methods are used for fabrication of the porosity scaffolds in tissue engineering. The freeze drying method has disadvantages such as: It is time consuming, needs high energy, and so on. The freeze-gelation method can save a great deal of time and energy, and large-sized porous scaffolds can be fabricated by this method. In this study, proliferation of the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the human intervertebral disk are compromised in the fabricated Chitosan-gelatin scaffolds by freeze drying and freeze gelation methods.

Materials and methods: The cells were obtained from the nucleus pulposus by collagenase enzymatic hydrolysis. They were obtained from patients who were undergoing open surgery for discectomy in the Isfahan Alzahra Hospital. Chitosan was blended with gelatin. Chitosan polymer, solution after freezing at -80°C, was immersed in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The cellular suspension was transferred to each scaffold and cultured in plate for 14 days. Cell viability and proliferation were investigated by Trypan blue and MTT assays.

Results: The MTT and Trypan blue assays demonstrated that cell viability and the mean of the cell number showed a significant difference between three and fourteen days, in both scaffolds. Accordingly, there was a significantly decrease in the fabricated chitosan-gelatin scaffold by the freeze-drying method.

Conclusion: The fabricated chitosan-gelatin scaffold by the freeze-gelation method prepared a better condition for proliferation of NP cells when compared with the fabricated chitosan-gelatin scaffold by the freeze drying method.

背景：腰背痛是当代最重要的肌肉骨骼疾病之一。椎间盘突出症和椎间盘中央变性是腰背痛的两个主要原因，其发生是由于椎间盘结构受损。细胞数量和细胞外基质的减少，尤其是髓核中细胞数量和细胞外基质的减少，会导致椎间盘退化。在组织工程学中，不同的支架被用于椎间盘的组织修复和再生。在组织工程学中，有多种方法用于制造多孔支架。冷冻干燥法有以下缺点：耗时长、需要高能量等。冷冻凝胶法可以节省大量的时间和精力，而且可以用这种方法制造大尺寸的多孔支架。本研究通过冷冻干燥法和冷冻凝胶法，研究了人椎间盘髓核（NP）细胞在壳聚糖-明胶支架中的增殖情况：细胞通过胶原酶水解从髓核中获得。这些细胞来自在伊斯法罕阿尔扎赫拉医院接受椎间盘切除开放手术的患者。壳聚糖与明胶混合。壳聚糖聚合物溶液在零下 80 摄氏度冷冻后，浸入氢氧化钠（NaOH）溶液中。将细胞悬浮液转移到每个支架上，在平板上培养 14 天。细胞活力和增殖通过胰蓝法和 MTT 法进行检测：结果：MTT 和 Trypan blue 检测表明，两种支架的细胞活力和细胞数平均值在 3 天和 14 天之间有显著差异。因此，冻干法制备的壳聚糖-明胶支架的细胞活力明显下降：结论：与冷冻干燥法制备的壳聚糖-明胶支架相比，冷冻凝胶法制备的壳聚糖-明胶支架为 NP 细胞的增殖提供了更好的条件。

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引用次数: 0

Field Treatment To Stimulate an Oil Well in an Offshore Sandstone Reservoir Using a Novel, Low-Corrosive, Environmentally Friendly Fluid 用一种新型、低腐蚀性、环境友好的流体对近海砂岩油藏油井进行现场处理

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2118/168163-PA

H. Nasr-El-Din, H. Dana, V. Tomos, Theo Stanitzek, C. D. Wolf, A. Alex

引用次数: 12

Investigating Well Spacing and the Solvent-Aided Process 研究井距和溶剂辅助工艺

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2118/0915-277-JCPT

Leah Miller Guindon

引用次数: 0

Caprock Analysis—A Practical Approach 盖层分析——实用的方法

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2118/0915-280-JCPT

Leah Miller Guindon

引用次数: 0

Efficiency of Steam-Over-Solvent-Injection-in-Fractured-Reservoirs (SOS-FR) Method Considering Oil Recovery and Solvent Retrieval: Core-Scale Experimentation 考虑采油和溶剂回收的裂缝油藏蒸汽过溶剂注入(SOS-FR)方法的效率:岩心尺度实验

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2118/165528-PA

M. Mohammed, T. Babadagli

引用次数: 6

Combining Analytical, Semianalytical, and Empirical Methods To History Match and Forecast Tight/Shale Gas/Condensate Wells 结合分析、半分析和经验方法对致密/页岩气/凝析井进行历史匹配和预测

Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology

Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2118/0915-273-JCPT

Leah Miller Guindon

引用次数: 0

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