Journal of Breast Cancer最新文献

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare local recurrence (LR) rates in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) at the surgical margins after breast-conserving surgery (BCS).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who underwent BCS at National Cancer Center between 2014 and 2020. Patients with DCIS at the surgical margin were eligible for inclusion. Those who did not undergo re-excision received whole-breast radiotherapy with an escalated tumor bed boost of 15 Gy in five fractions. The 5-year breast cancer recurrence rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results: Among the 235 eligible patients, 115 underwent re-excision (Re-excision + group), and 120 did not (Re-excision - group). With a median follow-up of 5.0 years (range, 3.1-6.6 years), the 5-year LR rate was 6.1% in the Re-excision + group and 5.8% in the Re-excision - group (log-rank p = 0.9). Re-excision was not significantly associated with differences in LR rates in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion: In cases where DCIS was present at the surgical margin after BCS, re-excision was not associated with a lower LR rate compared with dose-escalated radiotherapy. This study did not assess late radiation-related toxicities, such as breast fibrosis, which are important considerations for treatment decision-making. These findings should be interpreted with caution because of the retrospective design and limited event rate. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine optimal management strategies.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of breast cancer associated with poor clinical outcomes. Although programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression has emerged as both a prognostic and predictive biomarker, its utility remains limited, especially in PD-L1-negative tumors. The identification of additional molecular markers is crucial for improving prognostic stratification and guiding treatment strategies.

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 38 patients with TNBC were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and categorized as positive or negative. Whole-exome sequencing was performed, and somatic variants were analyzed using Maftools. Mutational signatures were compared with the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer reference profiles. Survival analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the identified variants.

Results: Mutational landscape analysis revealed that C>T and G>A transitions were the most frequent base substitutions. PD-L1-negative tumors exhibited a predominance of single-base substitution (SBS) 5, whereas PD-L1-positive tumors resembled SBS6, reflecting potential differences in the underlying mutational processes. Comparative analysis identified 12 PD-L1-negative-specific and seven PD-L1-positive-specific variants. Among PD-L1-negative tumors, mutations in ANGPTL5 and KIAA1549L were significantly associated with worse overall survival.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight distinct mutational profiles and prognostic variants according to PD-L1 status in TNBC. ANGPTL5 and KIAA1549L variants may serve as potential prognostic markers for PD-L1-negative tumors. These results underscore the value of incorporating genomic information to refine the prognostic stratification of TNBC.

In recent years, endoscopy- and robot-assisted surgical techniques have been progressively incorporated into breast cancer treatment, leading to the enhancement of minimally invasive nipple-sparing mastectomy (M-NSM) procedure. To date, studies comparing the surgical complications, benefits, and drawbacks of M-NSM with those of conventional nipple-sparing mastectomy (C-NSM) remain sparse. Electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were performed. Log-rank statistics were used to compare the effects of M-NSM and C-NSM on various outcomes and estimate first-event-rate risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI). This study evaluated surgical safety based on postoperative complication rate. Surgical safety was evaluated by calculating the incidence of postoperative complications following each surgical approach, including overall complications, ischemia/necrosis of the nipple-areola complex, hematoma, infection, and implant-related complications. Based on a meta-analysis of 7 studies involving 3,426 patients, the overall postoperative complication rate (relative risk [RR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97) and rate of nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.97) for M-NSM were slightly lower than those for C-NSM. The surgical safety of M-NSM may be comparable to or even superior to that of C-NSM, but confirmation via high-quality randomized controlled studies is required.

Purpose: Axillary surgery is increasingly omitted in patients with early-stage breast cancer undergoing upfront surgery, as supported by trials such as SOUND and INSEMA. However, in the neoadjuvant setting, the omission of axillary surgery has only been explored in small single-arm studies involving highly selected patients with confirmed breast pathologic complete response (pCR). The NeoNAUTILUS trial aimed to evaluate the oncologic safety of omitting sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with a high probability of achieving an axillary pCR (ypN0) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST), regardless of breast pCR status.

Methods: NeoNAUTILUS is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial conducted at 12 tertiary centers in Korea. Eligible participants were women with clinical T1-T3, N0, or selected N1 invasive breast cancer, who completed NST and were candidates for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Prior to enrollment, all patients underwent axillary ultrasound after NST completion to exclude suspicious lymph nodes. Patients with clinical N0 disease of any subtype were eligible for inclusion. Patients with clinical N1 disease with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive or triple-negative tumors may be included if their primary tumor demonstrates a > 30% reduction on magnetic resonance imaging after NST. Participants were randomized 1:1 to undergo BCS with or without SLNB, stratified by clinical nodal status and tumor subtype. Patients were randomized and remained blinded until surgery. The primary endpoint is the 5-year invasive disease-free survival. A total of 464 patients are expected to be enrolled over 3 years, with a 5-year follow-up period.

Discussion: NeoNAUTILUS is the first randomized trial to assess the omission of axillary surgery after NST based on the predicted nodal response, independent of breast pCR. This study may redefine axillary management in the neoadjuvant setting by identifying patients who can safely avoid SLNB, thereby reducing surgical morbidity without compromising oncologic outcomes.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06704945. Registered on November 26, 2024.

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are biphasic fibroepithelial lesions. Approximately 20% of malignant PTs metastasize hematogenously, most commonly to the lungs and bones. Treatment of metastatic PT is challenging because of its rarity. A 39-year-old woman with a left humeral fracture was admitted to our hospital. She had been diagnosed with breast PT a year prior, and humeral bone tissue pathology showed a metastatic PT similar to her breast PT. The patient received systemic high-dose chemotherapy, including etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, concurrently combined with radiotherapy to facilitate remission, after which the remnant tumor was removed. After achieving complete remission, the patient received chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cisplatin as adjuvants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a metastatic PT in which complete remission was achieved with high-dose chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: Profilin 1 (Pfn1) has been implicated in cytoskeletal regulation; however, its role in breast cancer progression and DNA replication remains unclear. This study investigated the functional significance of Pfn1 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in breast cancer.

Methods: We analyzed Pfn1 expression and its correlation with DNA replication, repair, and oncogenic markers in breast cancer cell lines. Chromatin-bound and soluble Pfn1 levels were quantified by western blotting. The effects of nuclear (nuclear localization sequence-Pfn1) and cytoplasmic (nuclear export sequence-Pfn1) localization on cell growth, DNA replication, and stemness were assessed using colony formation, Alamar blue fluorescence, replication protein A 32-kDa foci staining, and DNA fiber assays. Mouse xenografts of breast cancer cells were used to determine the effect of Pfn1 localization on tumor growth in vivo. We identified the direct interactors of nuclear Pfn1 by immunoprecipitation, and their affinity was determined using bio-layer interferometry.

Results: Pfn1 expression was positively correlated with DNA replication, repair, p53, and MYC expression. Chromatin-bound Pfn1 was significantly degraded in breast cancer cell lines compared to that in non-cancerous MCF10a cells. Nuclear Pfn1 inhibited cell growth and DNA replication in SKBR3 cells, while cytoplasmic Pfn1 promoted cell survival and DNA replication in MCF10a cells. Loss of nuclear Pfn1 in SKBR3 cells inhibited their growth in vivo. Additionally, cytoplasmic Pfn1 upregulated stemness markers (c-Myc, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1, and Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1). Pfn1 regulated cell stemness by binding to the nucleosome remodeler sucrose non-fermenting 2 homolog.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed that nuclear Pfn1 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting DNA replication and cell growth, while cytoplasmic Pfn1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing stemness and replication efficiency. These results highlight the dual role of Pfn1 in breast cancer progression, governed by its subcellular localization. They suggested that modulating Pfn1 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling may be a potential therapeutic strategy.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in various areas of radiology, particularly in breast imaging, starting with mammography and extending to ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This overview aims to examine the introduction, applications, and challenges of AI in breast imaging. This narrative outlines the applications of AI in various modalities-including mammography, US, and MRI-and discusses its indications, ongoing challenges, and future perspectives. AI has been used for identification, classification, detection, diagnosis, breast density assessment, treatment response, and prediction of prognosis. AI can help radiologists avoid missed diagnoses due to heavy workloads and enhance workflow efficiency. The integration of AI software into daily practice, along with further validation and refinement, is necessary to support radiologists' workflows.

We aimed to investigate whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) change after the first cycle of palliative chemotherapy can be a prognostic indicator in de novo stage IV breast cancer. We retrospectively reviewed 218 patients treated between January 1997 and December 2012 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. The NLR change (ΔNLR = NLR after first cycle of chemo - initial NLR [iNLR]) was significantly inversely associated with breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) (p = 0.031). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year BCSS rates of patients in the increased NLR group were 78.4%, 37.8%, and 25.7%, and 88.9%, 55.6%, and 35.4%, respectively, in the other group (p = 0.035, 0.014, and 0.043, respectively). Multivariate analysis suggested that NLR was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR], 1.748; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.084-2.818). When patients were divided into four groups combining iNLR and ΔNLR, patients in high iNLR & increased NLR group (HR, 4.294; 95% CI, 1.586-11.629) had worst prognosis compared to patients in low iNLR & stationary or decreased NLR groups.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether specific clinicopathological characteristics are associated with a lower likelihood of additional positive nodes (APNs) on completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND).

Methods: A total of 497 patients with cT1-4/N1-3 disease underwent cALND following a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The APN rate was assessed based on findings from the cALND.

Results: The median age was 47 (21-84). The overall APN rate was 67.6%. Patients with cT1-2 disease, a breast pathological complete response, removal of > two nodes via SLNB or TAD, only one metastatic node identified at SLNB or TAD, a lymph node ratio (LNR) < 50%, or low-volume metastatic disease (including isolated tumor cells [ITCs] or micro-metastases) at SLNB or TAD were significantly less likely to have APN on cALND (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a decreased likelihood of APN on cALND in patients with cT1-2 disease (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.89; p = 0.016), ITCs or micro-metastases (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.84; p = 0.021), and an LNR < 50% at SLNB or TAD (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.14-0.37; p < 0.001). Among subgroups, patients with cT1-2/N1 disease and either LNR < 50% or ITC/micro-metastasis, as well as patients with cT1-3 cN1 disease undergoing TAD with LNR < 50%, had APN rates on cALND of 23.4%, 26.7%, and 16.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: In patients with a positive SLNB or TAD after NAC, an APN rate < 30% on cALND can be achieved in certain subgroups with favorable features, including cT1-2 and cN1 disease and low-volume metastatic burden.