Michael Tobler, Theresa Burg, Dominique Potvin, Jan-Åke Nilsson
<p>Journal of Avian Biology (JAB) publishes hypothesis-driven, high-quality research from all parts of the globe that advances our understanding of the ecology, evolution and behaviour of birds. Findings can be disseminated in research articles, short communications, viewpoint articles and reviews. Reviews perform an important function as vehicles to convey critical information in a synthesized way; they not only aggregate information, but also identify current research gaps and pave the way for future investigation. Comprehensive review articles, however, are major undertakings that may quickly go out of date. To address this challenge and to offer a nimbler format to publish overviews of a particular field or aspect in avian biology, JAB introduced the ‘mini-review' article category in December 2022. As the name suggests, mini-reviews are shorter than standard reviews (about 6000 words) and can be used to highlight a sub-topic or ongoing debate within a broader research area. They provide a succinct and clear summary of the research topic and give readers a quick overview of the most recent and significant advances.</p><p>Journal of Avian Biology is an important outlet for young researchers. Of all the articles published in 2023, nearly 60% had a corresponding author with no more than 8 years of post-doctorate research experience. Most of the corresponding authors on these papers (close to 50%) were PhD students or early postdocs at the time of publication. To emphasize this and to highlight the mini-review category as a new outlet for early career researchers to synthesize their research, JAB announced the first ‘JAB review award' competition in spring 2023. The award is sponsored by the Nordic Society Oikos (NSO), the umbrella society for the ecological societies in the Nordic countries, who publishes JAB and four other scientific journals (Oikos, Nordic Journal of Botany, Ecography and Wildlife Biology).</p><p>The JAB review award is given to an early career research scientist who has an exceptional mini-review manuscript accepted for publication in JAB. The mini-review should focus on new developments and/or emerging concepts in the areas of avian research that fall within the scope of the journal. The winner of the JAB review award receives a 1000€ honorarium and the runner-up receives 500€. If the award is given for a paper with multiple authors (the lead and corresponding author(s) must be early career), those meeting the early career research criteria at the time of publication will share the monetary prize. All accepted papers that are entered in the competition will appear together in an issue in Journal of Avian Biology.</p><p>In this first ‘award issue', we briefly reiterate eligibility and submission criteria, and outline the assessment criteria for the award. We wish to be clear and transparent about these criteria as it recently has been highlighted that there is not enough transparency in scientific awards for early- and mid-car
{"title":"Introducing the mini-review article category and the Journal of Avian Biology review award","authors":"Michael Tobler, Theresa Burg, Dominique Potvin, Jan-Åke Nilsson","doi":"10.1111/jav.03423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Journal of Avian Biology (JAB) publishes hypothesis-driven, high-quality research from all parts of the globe that advances our understanding of the ecology, evolution and behaviour of birds. Findings can be disseminated in research articles, short communications, viewpoint articles and reviews. Reviews perform an important function as vehicles to convey critical information in a synthesized way; they not only aggregate information, but also identify current research gaps and pave the way for future investigation. Comprehensive review articles, however, are major undertakings that may quickly go out of date. To address this challenge and to offer a nimbler format to publish overviews of a particular field or aspect in avian biology, JAB introduced the ‘mini-review' article category in December 2022. As the name suggests, mini-reviews are shorter than standard reviews (about 6000 words) and can be used to highlight a sub-topic or ongoing debate within a broader research area. They provide a succinct and clear summary of the research topic and give readers a quick overview of the most recent and significant advances.</p><p>Journal of Avian Biology is an important outlet for young researchers. Of all the articles published in 2023, nearly 60% had a corresponding author with no more than 8 years of post-doctorate research experience. Most of the corresponding authors on these papers (close to 50%) were PhD students or early postdocs at the time of publication. To emphasize this and to highlight the mini-review category as a new outlet for early career researchers to synthesize their research, JAB announced the first ‘JAB review award' competition in spring 2023. The award is sponsored by the Nordic Society Oikos (NSO), the umbrella society for the ecological societies in the Nordic countries, who publishes JAB and four other scientific journals (Oikos, Nordic Journal of Botany, Ecography and Wildlife Biology).</p><p>The JAB review award is given to an early career research scientist who has an exceptional mini-review manuscript accepted for publication in JAB. The mini-review should focus on new developments and/or emerging concepts in the areas of avian research that fall within the scope of the journal. The winner of the JAB review award receives a 1000€ honorarium and the runner-up receives 500€. If the award is given for a paper with multiple authors (the lead and corresponding author(s) must be early career), those meeting the early career research criteria at the time of publication will share the monetary prize. All accepted papers that are entered in the competition will appear together in an issue in Journal of Avian Biology.</p><p>In this first ‘award issue', we briefly reiterate eligibility and submission criteria, and outline the assessment criteria for the award. We wish to be clear and transparent about these criteria as it recently has been highlighted that there is not enough transparency in scientific awards for early- and mid-car","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2024 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many building blocks of human language can be found within the vocal communication systems of other species, most notably songbirds. One of the most prominent of these building blocks is syntax. While studies of syntax are abundant, a lack of consensus on the definition of syntax in non-human animal communication studies has led to much debate. Consistent and deliberate use of terminology is needed to facilitate understanding across disciplines. In addition, new terminology may better describe syntactic structure found in vocal signals that are devoid of semantic associations, such as birdsong. Here, we propose two terms to describe the types of syntax commonly found in birdsong: sequential syntax and dialectical syntax. Sequential syntax can be defined as the rules that govern the patterns of sound without regard to semantic meaning. Dialectic syntax can be defined as sequential syntax that is distinct among different populations or groups with behavioral significance for those groups. Taken together, these two terms can describe the type of syntax seen in ornamental signals, such as birdsong.
{"title":"Syntax in animal communication: its study in songbirds and other taxa","authors":"Heather Wolverton, Rindy C. Anderson","doi":"10.1111/jav.03258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many building blocks of human language can be found within the vocal communication systems of other species, most notably songbirds. One of the most prominent of these building blocks is syntax. While studies of syntax are abundant, a lack of consensus on the definition of syntax in non-human animal communication studies has led to much debate. Consistent and deliberate use of terminology is needed to facilitate understanding across disciplines. In addition, new terminology may better describe syntactic structure found in vocal signals that are devoid of semantic associations, such as birdsong. Here, we propose two terms to describe the types of syntax commonly found in birdsong: sequential syntax and dialectical syntax. Sequential syntax can be defined as the rules that govern the patterns of sound without regard to semantic meaning. Dialectic syntax can be defined as sequential syntax that is distinct among different populations or groups with behavioral significance for those groups. Taken together, these two terms can describe the type of syntax seen in ornamental signals, such as birdsong.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2024 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean V. Zimin, Anna Zimin, Eyal Shochat, Yariv Brotman, Ofer Ovadia
Migratory birds excel in phenotypic flexibility, adapting physiologically as their life histories and environments require. Discerning the metabolic processes underlying migrants' physiology, an emergent property of multiple continuous and dynamic organism–environment interactions, is therefore challenging, particularly under natural conditions. Accordingly, analyses of snapshot‐sampled serum‐circulating metabolites, versatile and readily applicable for migrating birds, have increasingly become the method of choice for such physiologic inference. However, the atemporal nature of single sampling might obscure the links between observed metabolite concentrations and the processes producing them, necessitating an analytical decoupling of focal processes from their broader biochemical background.In the present study, we examined how variation in combined fat and muscle fuel stores, traits pivotal in migratory context, relates to the serum‐circulating metabolomes of spring‐migrating Eurasian blackcaps stopping‐over. Our analyses accounted for potential spatiotemporal influences in the form of time past night's fasting and random local conditions across three sites within the Negev Desert. We shifted the focus from compound‐level analysis of preselected metabolites towards the level of inclusive metabolome, quantifying serum‐circulating lipophilic and polar molecules via UHPLC–MS/MS untargeted metabolomic technique.Our results indicated a general relationship between fuel stores and the metabolome, comprising 16 326 lipophilic and 6923 polar compounds, among which 918 and 44 were annotated, respectively. By applying generalized latent‐variable linear modeling (GLLVM) upon concentrations of annotated metabolites, we identified several candidate biomarkers, some novel in migratory context, notably the fuel‐associated increase in serum ceramides likely derived from circulating very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Relying on estimated metabolite links with fuel and foraging time and on modeled residual covariations among metabolites, we demonstrate fuel–metabolite associations generally consistent with higher fat‐ and lower protein mobilization in birds having greater stores and with decreased fuel utilization as ingested nutrients accumulate over time, thus introducing a novel approach for the physiological study of migrating birds.
{"title":"Fuel stores and time of day account for variation in serum metabolomes of passerine migrants stopping over","authors":"Sean V. Zimin, Anna Zimin, Eyal Shochat, Yariv Brotman, Ofer Ovadia","doi":"10.1111/jav.03311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03311","url":null,"abstract":"Migratory birds excel in phenotypic flexibility, adapting physiologically as their life histories and environments require. Discerning the metabolic processes underlying migrants' physiology, an emergent property of multiple continuous and dynamic organism–environment interactions, is therefore challenging, particularly under natural conditions. Accordingly, analyses of snapshot‐sampled serum‐circulating metabolites, versatile and readily applicable for migrating birds, have increasingly become the method of choice for such physiologic inference. However, the atemporal nature of single sampling might obscure the links between observed metabolite concentrations and the processes producing them, necessitating an analytical decoupling of focal processes from their broader biochemical background.In the present study, we examined how variation in combined fat and muscle fuel stores, traits pivotal in migratory context, relates to the serum‐circulating metabolomes of spring‐migrating Eurasian blackcaps stopping‐over. Our analyses accounted for potential spatiotemporal influences in the form of time past night's fasting and random local conditions across three sites within the Negev Desert. We shifted the focus from compound‐level analysis of preselected metabolites towards the level of inclusive metabolome, quantifying serum‐circulating lipophilic and polar molecules via UHPLC–MS/MS untargeted metabolomic technique.Our results indicated a general relationship between fuel stores and the metabolome, comprising 16 326 lipophilic and 6923 polar compounds, among which 918 and 44 were annotated, respectively. By applying generalized latent‐variable linear modeling (GLLVM) upon concentrations of annotated metabolites, we identified several candidate biomarkers, some novel in migratory context, notably the fuel‐associated increase in serum ceramides likely derived from circulating very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Relying on estimated metabolite links with fuel and foraging time and on modeled residual covariations among metabolites, we demonstrate fuel–metabolite associations generally consistent with higher fat‐ and lower protein mobilization in birds having greater stores and with decreased fuel utilization as ingested nutrients accumulate over time, thus introducing a novel approach for the physiological study of migrating birds.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jéssica Jiménez‐Peñuela, Claudia Santamaría‐Cervantes, Elena Fernández‐Vizcaíno, Rafael Mateo, Manuel Eloy Ortiz‐Santaliestra
The extensive use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the major factors negatively impacting birds in agricultural habitats. One of the pesticide groups most used worldwide are triazole fungicides due to their effectiveness in controlling phytopathogenic fungi in cereals, vineyards and orchards. In the last decades, different experimental studies have reported important negative effects on the health and fitness of birds after exposure to triazoles. Birds can be exposed throughout the year through different routes, including oral uptake, dermal contact with treated surfaces and inhalation by overspray. Yet, the ingestion of treated or sprayed material is the principal route. The most alarming effect of triazoles, which can even occur several months after cessation of the exposure, is the decreasing reproductive outputs of birds, including delay in the onset of laying dates, reduced clutch size and hatching rate, and increased mortality of chicks. In order to synthesize the data and knowledge about the toxic effects of triazoles at different levels of biological organization, here we propose an dverse outcome pathway (AOP) on the mechanisms by which triazoles can affect avian reproduction and physiology. The reported effects highlight that the current risk assessment needs some improvements to avoid undesired effects on birds, especially long‐term effects that can influence stability and viability of avian populations from agricultural habitats.
{"title":"Integrating adverse effects of triazole fungicides on reproduction and physiology of farmland birds","authors":"Jéssica Jiménez‐Peñuela, Claudia Santamaría‐Cervantes, Elena Fernández‐Vizcaíno, Rafael Mateo, Manuel Eloy Ortiz‐Santaliestra","doi":"10.1111/jav.03313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03313","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the major factors negatively impacting birds in agricultural habitats. One of the pesticide groups most used worldwide are triazole fungicides due to their effectiveness in controlling phytopathogenic fungi in cereals, vineyards and orchards. In the last decades, different experimental studies have reported important negative effects on the health and fitness of birds after exposure to triazoles. Birds can be exposed throughout the year through different routes, including oral uptake, dermal contact with treated surfaces and inhalation by overspray. Yet, the ingestion of treated or sprayed material is the principal route. The most alarming effect of triazoles, which can even occur several months after cessation of the exposure, is the decreasing reproductive outputs of birds, including delay in the onset of laying dates, reduced clutch size and hatching rate, and increased mortality of chicks. In order to synthesize the data and knowledge about the toxic effects of triazoles at different levels of biological organization, here we propose an dverse outcome pathway (AOP) on the mechanisms by which triazoles can affect avian reproduction and physiology. The reported effects highlight that the current risk assessment needs some improvements to avoid undesired effects on birds, especially long‐term effects that can influence stability and viability of avian populations from agricultural habitats.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belén Bukowski, Leonardo Campagna, Gustavo S. Cabanne, Pablo L. Tubaro, Darío A. Lijtmaer
The Andean and Atlantic forests are separated by the open vegetation corridor, which acts as a geographic barrier. However, these forests experienced cycles of connection and isolation in the past, which shaped the phylogeographic patterns of their biotas. We analysed the evolutionary history of the rufous‐capped antshrike Thamnophilus ruficapillus, a species with a disjunct distribution in the Atlantic and Andean forests and thus an appropriate model to study the effect of the open vegetation corridor and the Andes on the diversification of the Neotropical avifauna. We performed a phylogenetic/phylogeographic analysis, including the five subspecies, using mitochondrial and nuclear genomic DNA, and studied their differences in vocalizations and plumage coloration. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidenced a marked phylogeographic structure with three differentiated lineages that diverged without signs of gene flow in the Pleistocene (1.0–1.7 million years ago): one in the Atlantic Forest and two in the Andean forest. However, the two Andean lineages do not coincide with the two disjunct areas of distribution of the species in the Andes. Vocalizations were significantly different between most subspecies, but their pattern of differentiation was discordant with that of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. In fact, we did not find song differentiation between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the northwestern Bolivian Andes, even though they differ genetically and belong to different lineages. Consistently, no differences were found in plumage coloration between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the southern Andes. Our results suggest a complex evolutionary history in this species, which differentiated both due to dispersion across the open vegetation corridor, likely during a period of connection between the Andean and Atlantic forests, and the effect of the Bolivian Altiplano as a geographic barrier. In both cases, Pleistocene climatic oscillations appear to have influenced the species diversification.
安第斯森林和大西洋森林被开阔的植被走廊隔开，成为一道地理屏障。然而，这些森林在过去经历了连接和隔离的循环，从而形成了其生物群落的系统地理学模式。我们分析了红帽蚁鴷（Thamnophilus ruficapillus）的进化史，该物种在大西洋和安第斯森林中的分布并不一致，因此是研究开放植被走廊和安第斯山脉对新热带鸟类多样性影响的合适模型。我们利用线粒体和核基因组 DNA 对包括五个亚种在内的鸟类进行了系统发育/地球地理分析，并研究了它们在发声和羽色方面的差异。线粒体DNA和核DNA均显示出明显的系统地理结构，在更新世（距今100万-170万年前）有三个分化的品系，没有基因流动的迹象：一个在大西洋森林，两个在安第斯森林。然而，这两个安第斯山系与该物种在安第斯山的两个不相连的分布区并不一致。大多数亚种的鸣声有明显差异，但其分化模式与核DNA和线粒体DNA的分化模式不一致。事实上，我们并没有发现大西洋森林亚种与玻利维亚安第斯山脉西北部亚种之间存在鸣声差异，尽管它们在基因上存在差异，属于不同的品系。同样，大西洋森林亚种与安第斯山脉南部亚种之间的羽色也没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，该物种的进化历史十分复杂，其分化既有可能是在安第斯森林和大西洋森林连接时期，在开阔的植被走廊上散布所致，也有可能是玻利维亚高原作为地理屏障的影响所致。在这两种情况下，更新世的气候振荡似乎都对物种多样化产生了影响。
{"title":"Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in Thamnophilus ruficapillus, a Neotropical passerine with disjunct distribution in the Andean and Atlantic forests","authors":"Belén Bukowski, Leonardo Campagna, Gustavo S. Cabanne, Pablo L. Tubaro, Darío A. Lijtmaer","doi":"10.1111/jav.03293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03293","url":null,"abstract":"The Andean and Atlantic forests are separated by the open vegetation corridor, which acts as a geographic barrier. However, these forests experienced cycles of connection and isolation in the past, which shaped the phylogeographic patterns of their biotas. We analysed the evolutionary history of the rufous‐capped antshrike <jats:italic>Thamnophilus ruficapillus</jats:italic>, a species with a disjunct distribution in the Atlantic and Andean forests and thus an appropriate model to study the effect of the open vegetation corridor and the Andes on the diversification of the Neotropical avifauna. We performed a phylogenetic/phylogeographic analysis, including the five subspecies, using mitochondrial and nuclear genomic DNA, and studied their differences in vocalizations and plumage coloration. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidenced a marked phylogeographic structure with three differentiated lineages that diverged without signs of gene flow in the Pleistocene (1.0–1.7 million years ago): one in the Atlantic Forest and two in the Andean forest. However, the two Andean lineages do not coincide with the two disjunct areas of distribution of the species in the Andes. Vocalizations were significantly different between most subspecies, but their pattern of differentiation was discordant with that of the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. In fact, we did not find song differentiation between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the northwestern Bolivian Andes, even though they differ genetically and belong to different lineages. Consistently, no differences were found in plumage coloration between the subspecies of the Atlantic Forest and that of the southern Andes. Our results suggest a complex evolutionary history in this species, which differentiated both due to dispersion across the open vegetation corridor, likely during a period of connection between the Andean and Atlantic forests, and the effect of the Bolivian Altiplano as a geographic barrier. In both cases, Pleistocene climatic oscillations appear to have influenced the species diversification.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Liu, Fanghong Yang, Qi Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Yuehua Sun
Female song in birds is more widespread than previously thought, and studies across different species are critical for better understanding the entire evolutionary process of bird song. In this study, we recorded the songs of males and females in a duetting, montane bird species, the Elliot's laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii, across consecutive breeding seasons. We specifically focused on identifying the number and structure of different song types by males and females, and compared these acoustic structures between the sexes. Our findings revealed that both males and females sang sex‐specific solos. More specifically, females sang a single type of solo that varied significantly in the number of notes, whereas males produced three different solos composed of 2, 3, or 4 notes, respectively. Female solos exhibited significantly more notes and longer song duration compared to males. Male solos typically had a significantly higher maximum frequency for the entire song. No significant differences were observed in the duration of the first note, song rate, and other frequency characteristics between male and female solos. Furthermore, paired males and females coordinated their sex‐specific solos to form duets when challenged by conspecific territory intruders, both within and outside the breeding season. Sex‐specific solos suggested that male and female songs play different roles and may be subject to different selective pressures. Further research is necessary for elucidating the functions of male song, female song, and duets in this montane bird species.
{"title":"Comparisons of acoustic structures between sexes in a duetting, montane bird","authors":"Huan Liu, Fanghong Yang, Qi Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Yuehua Sun","doi":"10.1111/jav.03249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03249","url":null,"abstract":"Female song in birds is more widespread than previously thought, and studies across different species are critical for better understanding the entire evolutionary process of bird song. In this study, we recorded the songs of males and females in a duetting, montane bird species, the Elliot's laughingthrush <jats:italic>Trochalopteron elliotii</jats:italic>, across consecutive breeding seasons. We specifically focused on identifying the number and structure of different song types by males and females, and compared these acoustic structures between the sexes. Our findings revealed that both males and females sang sex‐specific solos. More specifically, females sang a single type of solo that varied significantly in the number of notes, whereas males produced three different solos composed of 2, 3, or 4 notes, respectively. Female solos exhibited significantly more notes and longer song duration compared to males. Male solos typically had a significantly higher maximum frequency for the entire song. No significant differences were observed in the duration of the first note, song rate, and other frequency characteristics between male and female solos. Furthermore, paired males and females coordinated their sex‐specific solos to form duets when challenged by conspecific territory intruders, both within and outside the breeding season. Sex‐specific solos suggested that male and female songs play different roles and may be subject to different selective pressures. Further research is necessary for elucidating the functions of male song, female song, and duets in this montane bird species.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angela Moreras, Jere Tolvanen, Michal Kysučan, Peter Samaš, Tomáš Grim, Robert L. Thomson
Avian nest design varies depending on environmental factors but may also be influenced by between‐species interactions. In the brood parasitism context, hosts may evolve nest architectures that may limit parasite access to the nest cup, reduce parasite laying success or hinder parasite chick success. Therefore, nest characteristics may reduce the likelihood or minimise the costs of being parasitised. The common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus is a regular host of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus, for which cuckoo eggs are often laid outside the nest cup, resulting in low effective parasitism rates. This allowed us to evaluate variation in host nest design and test whether nest design characteristics correlate with brood parasitism likelihood and cuckoo laying success (i.e. cuckoo egg laid in the nest cup versus outside the nest cup). While recording brood parasitism events in two distant redstart populations, we documented nest cup characteristics, such as internal dimensions, materials used and nest cup position, along with the nest‐box dimensions. Cuckoo parasitism likelihood was lower for redstart nests in cavities with smaller entrances, for redstart nests with smaller nest cups and with nest cups that were built level to the rim material. For parasitised nests, cuckoo laying success was lower at redstart nests with nest cups placed further from the cavity entrance. Our results suggest a conditional process, where the cavity entrance size first prevents brood parasites access, then the cup size and the cup level in reference to the rim material affect the cuckoo choice, and finally, the nest cup position hinders cuckoo's laying success. The use of multiple nest design strategies may explain the current low effective parasitism rates in this system. Host nest design may serve as a frontline defence that could shape parasite's preferences, and consequently host nest characteristics.
{"title":"Can nest design hinder brood parasitism success?","authors":"Angela Moreras, Jere Tolvanen, Michal Kysučan, Peter Samaš, Tomáš Grim, Robert L. Thomson","doi":"10.1111/jav.03300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03300","url":null,"abstract":"Avian nest design varies depending on environmental factors but may also be influenced by between‐species interactions. In the brood parasitism context, hosts may evolve nest architectures that may limit parasite access to the nest cup, reduce parasite laying success or hinder parasite chick success. Therefore, nest characteristics may reduce the likelihood or minimise the costs of being parasitised. The common redstart <jats:italic>Phoenicurus phoenicurus</jats:italic> is a regular host of the common cuckoo <jats:italic>Cuculus canorus</jats:italic>, for which cuckoo eggs are often laid outside the nest cup, resulting in low effective parasitism rates. This allowed us to evaluate variation in host nest design and test whether nest design characteristics correlate with brood parasitism likelihood and cuckoo laying success (i.e. cuckoo egg laid in the nest cup versus outside the nest cup). While recording brood parasitism events in two distant redstart populations, we documented nest cup characteristics, such as internal dimensions, materials used and nest cup position, along with the nest‐box dimensions. Cuckoo parasitism likelihood was lower for redstart nests in cavities with smaller entrances, for redstart nests with smaller nest cups and with nest cups that were built level to the rim material. For parasitised nests, cuckoo laying success was lower at redstart nests with nest cups placed further from the cavity entrance. Our results suggest a conditional process, where the cavity entrance size first prevents brood parasites access, then the cup size and the cup level in reference to the rim material affect the cuckoo choice, and finally, the nest cup position hinders cuckoo's laying success. The use of multiple nest design strategies may explain the current low effective parasitism rates in this system. Host nest design may serve as a frontline defence that could shape parasite's preferences, and consequently host nest characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel J. Lane, Ben J. Vernasco, Taylor E. Fossett, Isaac J. VanDiest, Heather E. Watts, Kendra B. Sewall
Urbanization reflects a major form of environmental change impacting wild birds globally. Whereas urban habitats may provide increased availability of water, some food items, and reduced predation levels compared to rural, they can also present novel stressors including increased light at night, ambient noise, and reduced nutrient availability. Urbanization can also alter levels of brood parasitism, with some host species experiencing elevated levels of brood parasitism in urban areas compared to rural areas. Though the demographic and behavioral consequences of urbanization and brood parasitism have received considerable attention, their consequences for cellular‐level processes are less understood. Telomeres provide an opportunity to understand the cellular consequences of different environments as they are a well‐established metric of biological state that can be associated with residual lifespan, disease risk, and behavior, and are known to be sensitive to environmental conditions. Here we examine the relationships between urbanization, brood parasitism, and blood telomere lengths in adult and nestling song sparrows Melospiza melodia. Song sparrows are a North American songbird found in both urban and rural habitats that experience high rates of brood parasitism by brown‐headed cowbirds Molothrus ater in the urban, but not the rural, sites in our study system. Among adults and nestlings from non‐parasitized nests, we found no differences in relative telomere lengths between urban and rural habitats. However, among urban nestlings, the presence of a brood parasite in the nest was associated with significantly shorter relative telomere lengths compared to when a brood parasite was absent. Our results suggest a novel, indirect, impact of urbanization on nestling songbirds through the physiological impacts of brood parasitism.
{"title":"Are urbanization and brood parasitism associated with differences in telomere lengths in song sparrows?","authors":"Samuel J. Lane, Ben J. Vernasco, Taylor E. Fossett, Isaac J. VanDiest, Heather E. Watts, Kendra B. Sewall","doi":"10.1111/jav.03220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03220","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization reflects a major form of environmental change impacting wild birds globally. Whereas urban habitats may provide increased availability of water, some food items, and reduced predation levels compared to rural, they can also present novel stressors including increased light at night, ambient noise, and reduced nutrient availability. Urbanization can also alter levels of brood parasitism, with some host species experiencing elevated levels of brood parasitism in urban areas compared to rural areas. Though the demographic and behavioral consequences of urbanization and brood parasitism have received considerable attention, their consequences for cellular‐level processes are less understood. Telomeres provide an opportunity to understand the cellular consequences of different environments as they are a well‐established metric of biological state that can be associated with residual lifespan, disease risk, and behavior, and are known to be sensitive to environmental conditions. Here we examine the relationships between urbanization, brood parasitism, and blood telomere lengths in adult and nestling song sparrows <jats:italic>Melospiza melodia</jats:italic>. Song sparrows are a North American songbird found in both urban and rural habitats that experience high rates of brood parasitism by brown‐headed cowbirds <jats:italic>Molothrus ater</jats:italic> in the urban, but not the rural, sites in our study system. Among adults and nestlings from non‐parasitized nests, we found no differences in relative telomere lengths between urban and rural habitats. However, among urban nestlings, the presence of a brood parasite in the nest was associated with significantly shorter relative telomere lengths compared to when a brood parasite was absent. Our results suggest a novel, indirect, impact of urbanization on nestling songbirds through the physiological impacts of brood parasitism.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leanne A. Grieves, Sheng Hing, Joshua Tabh, James S. Quinn
Offspring sex ratios may deviate from parity when the fitness benefits of producing male or female offspring vary. We tested for sex ratio bias in smooth‐billed anis Crotophaga ani, a communal laying cuckoo with low within‐group relatedness and high offspring dispersal. One male group member performs nocturnal incubation and sires more offspring than other males in the group, suggesting males may have greater reproductive variance than females. We hypothesized that pre‐breeding rainfall influences food availability and offspring sex ratio, predicting that breeding females skew production towards the sex with higher reproductive variance (males) in high food years. Females may also adjust sex ratio across the hatching order to increase survival of the more competitive sex, especially when clutches are larger and within‐brood competition is higher. As adults, male smooth‐billed anis are larger than females, so we assumed male nestlings are more competitive than females and predicted a male‐bias in first hatched chicks in larger broods. Contrary to our first prediction, offspring sex ratio was male biased when pre‐breeding rainfall was lower. In partial support of our second prediction, marginally more first hatched chicks were male in larger broods. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of offspring sex ratio bias in a communal laying bird species. Future work in this system will attempt to uncover the mechanisms by which co‐breeding females adjust offspring sex ratio and test alternative hypotheses to explain male‐biased offspring sex ratios under different conditions.
{"title":"Offspring sex ratio in a communal breeding bird is male‐biased when pre‐breeding rainfall is low","authors":"Leanne A. Grieves, Sheng Hing, Joshua Tabh, James S. Quinn","doi":"10.1111/jav.03262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03262","url":null,"abstract":"Offspring sex ratios may deviate from parity when the fitness benefits of producing male or female offspring vary. We tested for sex ratio bias in smooth‐billed anis <jats:italic>Crotophaga ani</jats:italic>, a communal laying cuckoo with low within‐group relatedness and high offspring dispersal. One male group member performs nocturnal incubation and sires more offspring than other males in the group, suggesting males may have greater reproductive variance than females. We hypothesized that pre‐breeding rainfall influences food availability and offspring sex ratio, predicting that breeding females skew production towards the sex with higher reproductive variance (males) in high food years. Females may also adjust sex ratio across the hatching order to increase survival of the more competitive sex, especially when clutches are larger and within‐brood competition is higher. As adults, male smooth‐billed anis are larger than females, so we assumed male nestlings are more competitive than females and predicted a male‐bias in first hatched chicks in larger broods. Contrary to our first prediction, offspring sex ratio was male biased when pre‐breeding rainfall was lower. In partial support of our second prediction, marginally more first hatched chicks were male in larger broods. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of offspring sex ratio bias in a communal laying bird species. Future work in this system will attempt to uncover the mechanisms by which co‐breeding females adjust offspring sex ratio and test alternative hypotheses to explain male‐biased offspring sex ratios under different conditions.","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace Blackburn, Camilla Soravia, Amanda R. Ridley
Rising temperatures and anthropogenic noise are two of the most pervasive and well researched anthropogenic stressors affecting avian species globally. Despite often triggering similar behavioural responses in birds, and frequently co-occurring (particularly in urban areas), the impact of these stressors are primarily investigated in isolation. Here, we discuss and compare the most commonly researched effects of anthropogenic noise and rising temperatures on avian behaviour. We then outline recent findings on the impacts of these two stressors on cognition in birds, which underpins many behavioural adjustments. We find that both anthropogenic noise and high temperatures, when investigated in isolation, impact avian behaviours such as foraging, the antipredator response, and interactions with conspecifics. We also find that both these stressors can lead to cognitive impairment, but the occurrence and magnitude of impairment varies depending on the cognitive trait examined. Finally, we discuss the limited studies that have investigated these two anthropogenic stressors simultaneously and outline different scenarios in which additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these stressors may occur. We hope our review will stimulate researchers to investigate the simultaneous effects of these and other anthropogenic stressors on the behaviour and cognition of urban-living wild birds.
{"title":"The importance of investigating the impact of simultaneous anthropogenic stressors: the effects of rising temperatures and anthropogenic noise on avian behaviour and cognition","authors":"Grace Blackburn, Camilla Soravia, Amanda R. Ridley","doi":"10.1111/jav.03256","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jav.03256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rising temperatures and anthropogenic noise are two of the most pervasive and well researched anthropogenic stressors affecting avian species globally. Despite often triggering similar behavioural responses in birds, and frequently co-occurring (particularly in urban areas), the impact of these stressors are primarily investigated in isolation. Here, we discuss and compare the most commonly researched effects of anthropogenic noise and rising temperatures on avian behaviour. We then outline recent findings on the impacts of these two stressors on cognition in birds, which underpins many behavioural adjustments. We find that both anthropogenic noise and high temperatures, when investigated in isolation, impact avian behaviours such as foraging, the antipredator response, and interactions with conspecifics. We also find that both these stressors can lead to cognitive impairment, but the occurrence and magnitude of impairment varies depending on the cognitive trait examined. Finally, we discuss the limited studies that have investigated these two anthropogenic stressors simultaneously and outline different scenarios in which additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these stressors may occur. We hope our review will stimulate researchers to investigate the simultaneous effects of these and other anthropogenic stressors on the behaviour and cognition of urban-living wild birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2024 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141641653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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