Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan最新文献

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Ammonia Methanation of Carbon Dioxide with a Hybrid Catalyst 混合催化剂催化二氧化碳氨甲烷化反应

4区工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/00219592.2023.2248176

Hitoshi Saima, Reiji Sunamoto, Hiroki Miyaoka, Takayuki Ichikawa

Ammonia methanation is a reaction that synthesizes methane directly from carbon dioxide and ammonia. The Sabatier reaction, which synthesizes methane by hydrogenating carbon dioxide, requires a cooling facility in the reactor due to its large heat value. On the other hand, hydrogen is supposed to be transported as a hydrogen energy carrier such as ammonia, and energy must be injected to produce hydrogen from them. The ammonia methanation reaction, in which these two reactions proceed simultaneously, has a low heat of reaction and can be constructed using an adiabatic reactor. In this study, the ammonia methanation reaction with a hybrid catalyst that combines an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a Sabatier reaction catalyst as powders was investigated. Precipitated iron catalyst modified with alumina and potassium showed good activity for ammonia decomposition. Ammonia methanation reaction was carried out using a hybrid catalyst combining modified precipitated iron catalyst and Ni/CeO2 catalyst, but almost no methane was obtained. This is presumed to be due to the formation of CeFeO3, which is a composite oxide, the shrinkage of the pores of CeO2, and the alteration of Ni. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of contact points between the precipitated iron catalyst and the Ni/CeO2 catalyst, they were formed into particles and mixed to conduct the ammonia methanation reaction. However, although methane was produced, a sufficient yield was not obtained. Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also showed good activity for ammonia decomposition reaction. A hybrid catalyst consisting of Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/CeO2 catalysts was used for the ammonia methanation reaction, and a high methane yield of over 60% was obtained.

氨甲烷化是一种由二氧化碳和氨直接合成甲烷的反应。通过二氧化碳加氢合成甲烷的萨巴蒂尔反应，由于其热值较大，需要在反应堆中安装冷却设备。另一方面，氢应该作为氢能量载体(如氨)运输，并且必须注入能量才能从中产生氢。在氨甲烷化反应中，这两个反应同时进行，反应热低，可以用绝热反应器进行。本研究以氨分解催化剂和萨巴蒂尔反应催化剂为粉末状，对氨甲烷化反应进行了研究。氧化铝和钾改性的沉淀铁催化剂具有良好的氨分解活性。采用改性沉淀铁催化剂和Ni/CeO2催化剂组合的杂化催化剂进行氨甲烷化反应，但几乎没有甲烷生成。这可能是由于CeFeO3的形成(CeFeO3是一种复合氧化物)、CeO2孔隙的收缩和Ni的蚀变所致。因此，为了减少沉淀铁催化剂与Ni/CeO2催化剂之间的接触点数量，将它们形成颗粒混合进行氨甲烷化反应。然而，虽然产生了甲烷，但没有获得足够的产量。Ni/Al2O3催化剂在氨分解反应中也表现出良好的活性。采用Ni/Al2O3和Ni/CeO2混合催化剂进行氨甲烷化反应，甲烷产率达到60%以上。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Coagulant Concentration on Soy Protein-Based Fiber for Meat Substitute by Wet Spinning Combined with Ionic Cross-Linking of Alginate 混凝剂浓度对海藻酸盐离子交联湿纺大豆蛋白基肉替代品纤维的影响

4区工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan

Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/00219592.2023.2256377

Shinsuke Nagamine, Mika Akagi, Kyuya Nakagawa, Takashi Kobayashi

Meat substitutes production using plant-derived materials is attracting attentions as a solution for sustainable protein supply. We have previously reported the fabrication of soy protein-based fibers by combination of wet spinning and ionic cross-linking of alginate. In this study, we focused on the calcium ion concentration in the coagulant solution and alginate concentration in the spinning solution, which are determinant factors for in the gelation of alginate. The fiber diameter was reduced by increasing calcium ion concentration, probably due to the dehydration from fiber induced by osmotic pressure difference with coagulant solution and the suppression of swelling of fiber by the rapid gelation. The hardness of fibers evaluated by texture analysis increased as the concentrations of alginate and calcium ion increased, while the springiness increased with increasing calcium ion concentration but decreased with alginate concentration. The controlling the structure and texture of fibers by the compositions of spinning and coagulant solutions would improve their applicability to meat substitutes.

利用植物源性材料生产肉类替代品作为可持续蛋白质供应的解决方案正引起人们的关注。我们以前报道过用海藻酸盐离子交联和湿纺丝相结合的方法制备大豆蛋白基纤维。在本研究中，我们重点研究了混凝剂溶液中的钙离子浓度和纺丝溶液中的海藻酸盐浓度，这是海藻酸盐凝胶化的决定因素。随着钙离子浓度的增加，纤维直径减小，这可能是由于混凝剂溶液渗透压差导致纤维脱水和快速凝胶作用抑制纤维膨胀所致。纤维的硬度随藻酸盐浓度和钙离子浓度的增加而增加，弹性随钙离子浓度的增加而增加，随藻酸盐浓度的增加而降低。通过纺丝和混凝液的组合来控制纤维的结构和质地，可以提高其在肉类替代品中的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of childhood trauma on aggressive behaviors and hippocampal function: the modulation of COMT haplotypes. 童年创伤对攻击行为和海马功能的影响：COMT单倍型的调节作用。

4区工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan

Pub Date : 2023-09-06 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad013

Chao Wang, Linfei Zhu, Wenyu Zheng, Hanyuzhu Peng, Jiaojian Wang, Yue Cui, Bing Liu, Tianzi Jiang

Background: Aggression is a commonly hostile behavior linked to the hippocampal activity. Childhood trauma (CT) exposure has been associated with altered sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hippocampal volume，which could increase violent aggressive behaviors. Additionally, Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), the major dopamine metabolism enzyme, is implicated in stress responsivity, including aggression. Hence, CT exposure may affect aggression through the effect on the hippocampal function, which might also be modulated by the COMT variations.

Objectives: This study examined whether both CT and haplotypes of COMT moderate hippocampal function and thus affect human aggressive behavior.

Methods: We obtained bilateral hippocampal functional connectivity maps using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. COMT haplotype estimation was performed using Haploview 4.2 and PHASE 2.1. Then we constructed a moderated mediation model to study the effect of the CTQ × COMT on aggressive behavior.

Results: Three major haplotypes were generated from thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the COMT gene and formed three haplotypes corresponding to high, medium, and low enzymatic activity of COMT. The results showed interactive relationships between the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and COMT with respect to the functional connectivity (FC) of the bilateral hippocampus (HIP)-orbital frontal cortex (OFC). Specifically, CT experience predicted lower negative HIP-OFC coupling in the APS and HPS haplotypes corresponding to the medium and high enzymatic activity of COMT, but greater FC in the LPS haplotypes corresponding to the low enzymatic activity. We also observed a conditional mediation effect of the right HIP-OFC coupling in the link between COMT and aggressive behavior that was moderated by CT experience.

Conclusions: These results suggest that CT and COMT have a combined effect on aggressive behavior through hippocampal function. This mediation analysis sheds light on the influence of childhood experience on aggressive behavior in different genetic backgrounds.

背景：攻击是一种常见的敌对行为，与海马体的活动有关。童年创伤（CT）暴露与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴和海马体积的敏感性改变有关，这可能会增加暴力攻击行为。此外，儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶（COMT）是多巴胺代谢的主要酶，与应激反应（包括攻击行为）有关。因此，CT暴露可能会通过影响海马功能来影响攻击性，而海马功能也可能受到COMT变异的调节：本研究探讨了CT和COMT单倍型是否都能调节海马功能，从而影响人类的攻击行为：方法：我们利用静息状态功能磁共振成像（MRI）数据获得了双侧海马功能连接图。我们使用 Haploview 4.2 和 PHASE 2.1 对 COMT 单倍型进行了估计。然后，我们构建了一个调节中介模型，研究 CTQ × COMT 对攻击行为的影响：结果：COMT基因中的13个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）产生了三种主要的单倍型，并形成了对应于COMT高、中、低酶活性的三种单倍型。研究结果表明，童年创伤问卷（CTQ）和 COMT 与双侧海马（HIP）-眶额皮层（OFC）的功能连接（FC）之间存在交互关系。具体来说，CT经历预示着与COMT中、高酶活性相对应的APS和HPS单倍型的HIP-OFC负耦合较低，而与低酶活性相对应的LPS单倍型的FC较高。我们还观察到，在COMT与攻击行为的联系中，右侧HIP-OFC耦合的条件中介效应受到CT经验的调节：这些结果表明，CT 和 COMT 通过海马功能对攻击性行为产生联合影响。这一中介分析揭示了不同遗传背景下童年经历对攻击行为的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Strategy of Development on Zeolite Membrane for Forward Osmosis Operation; Effects of Structural Parameter of Support Layer and Si/Al Ratio of ZSM-5 Layer on Water Flux 正渗透沸石膜的发展策略支撑层结构参数和ZSM-5层硅铝比对水通量的影响