Z. Yusuf, Alemtsehay Malede, M. Desta, M. Idris, Sultan Seyida
The peel and kernels mango (Mangifera indica L.) processing by products can be used as a source of valuable products. Therefore, the present study was attempted to study physicochemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mango seed kernel and peel wastes. The result of physicochemical properties indicated that significantly higher oil yield (38.75±1.77), specific gravity (0.86±0.04), acid value (2.66±0.20) and free fatty acid value (1.34±0.12); and higher DPPH (16.70±0.70) antioxidant activities were recorded for mango seed oil extract. However, significantly higher hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA, 31.10±1.70) and ascorbic acid (43.00±2.73) were recorded for fruit peel oil extract. Stronger antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (16.50 mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.10µl/ml) and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.20 µl/ml) was recorded for seed oil extract against S. aureus. Stronger antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (16.47 mm), MIC (0.05 µl/ml, the least value) and MFC (0.10 µl/ml) for seed oil extract against C. albicans. It can be concluded from the results of present study that seed oil extract was found to be more effective antioxidant and antimicrobial potential than peel oil extract in mango (M. indica L.)
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF MANGO (MAGNIFERA INDICA L.) SEED KERNEL AND PEEL OILS","authors":"Z. Yusuf, Alemtsehay Malede, M. Desta, M. Idris, Sultan Seyida","doi":"10.36547/ft.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.374","url":null,"abstract":"The peel and kernels mango (Mangifera indica L.) processing by products can be used as a source of valuable products. Therefore, the present study was attempted to study physicochemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of mango seed kernel and peel wastes. The result of physicochemical properties indicated that significantly higher oil yield (38.75±1.77), specific gravity (0.86±0.04), acid value (2.66±0.20) and free fatty acid value (1.34±0.12); and higher DPPH (16.70±0.70) antioxidant activities were recorded for mango seed oil extract. However, significantly higher hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA, 31.10±1.70) and ascorbic acid (43.00±2.73) were recorded for fruit peel oil extract. Stronger antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (16.50 mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.10µl/ml) and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.20 µl/ml) was recorded for seed oil extract against S. aureus. Stronger antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (16.47 mm), MIC (0.05 µl/ml, the least value) and MFC (0.10 µl/ml) for seed oil extract against C. albicans. It can be concluded from the results of present study that seed oil extract was found to be more effective antioxidant and antimicrobial potential than peel oil extract in mango (M. indica L.)\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125159480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priscila Treviño-Aguilar, B. Pereyra-Alférez, M. Elías-Santos, Claudia Lopez-Albarado, Jorge H. García-García
There is a limited amount of yeast strains that are currently used in industrial beer brewing. Wild yeasts could provide an alternative to common domesticated brewer’s yeasts by offering a new range of sensory characteristics and improved performance in harsh brewing conditions such as high gravity and high ethanol concentration in wort. High gravity brewing is practical and profitable as it increases production capacity, therefore reducing investment and energy costs. Exploiting the existing natural diversity could lead to finding superior industrial yeasts as well as a better understanding of biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to determine if wild yeast strains isolated from the ecosystem at a regional level (Northeast Mexico) showed favorable characteristics in the brewing process. Sixty-three yeast isolates were obtained from diverse samples including flowers and fruits. Five isolates were selected after three rounds of beer fermentation based on their sensory characteristics. Tests to assess growth over time, flocculation potential, ethanol yield, osmotolerance and ethanol tolerance were applied to two reference yeasts (commercial beer brewing strains) and to the selected isolates of interest which were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by MEX67 amplification and ITS sequencing. The results indicated that the selected wild isolates exhibit characteristics comparable to commercial reference strains in terms of growth and stress tolerance.
{"title":"ISOLATION OF WILD YEAST FOR POTENTIAL USE IN BEER PRODUCTION","authors":"Priscila Treviño-Aguilar, B. Pereyra-Alférez, M. Elías-Santos, Claudia Lopez-Albarado, Jorge H. García-García","doi":"10.36547/ft.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.367","url":null,"abstract":"There is a limited amount of yeast strains that are currently used in industrial beer brewing. Wild yeasts could provide an alternative to common domesticated brewer’s yeasts by offering a new range of sensory characteristics and improved performance in harsh brewing conditions such as high gravity and high ethanol concentration in wort. High gravity brewing is practical and profitable as it increases production capacity, therefore reducing investment and energy costs. Exploiting the existing natural diversity could lead to finding superior industrial yeasts as well as a better understanding of biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to determine if wild yeast strains isolated from the ecosystem at a regional level (Northeast Mexico) showed favorable characteristics in the brewing process. Sixty-three yeast isolates were obtained from diverse samples including flowers and fruits. Five isolates were selected after three rounds of beer fermentation based on their sensory characteristics. Tests to assess growth over time, flocculation potential, ethanol yield, osmotolerance and ethanol tolerance were applied to two reference yeasts (commercial beer brewing strains) and to the selected isolates of interest which were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae by MEX67 amplification and ITS sequencing. The results indicated that the selected wild isolates exhibit characteristics comparable to commercial reference strains in terms of growth and stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122398319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The floral source, physicochemical, microbiological, anti-nutritional and phytochemical characterization of four different honey samples obtained from different locations in Ondo State were determined. This was with the view of authenticating their nutritional makeup as was as determine their potential to pose health hazards amongst the consumers. Physicochemical analysis gave moisture (13.5± 0.02-15.0±0.03%), Ash (0.5±0.02%-1.5±0.01%), pH (4.33±0.03-5.28±0.02) Titrable acidity (0.19±0.01-0.47±0.02%), total sugar (0.21±0.01-0.03±0.03%), dextrose (0.21±0.01-0.29±0.02%), fructose (0.22±0.03-0.31±0.01%), hydrated lactose(0.28±0.1-0.04±0.02%), hydrated maltose (0.34±0.03-0.48±0.01%), anhydrous lactose (0.27±0.01-0.48±0.01%), electrical conductivity (0.39x 0²± 0.02-5.21x 10²±0.02ms/cm). Total phenol content from (1.45 to 1.66mg GAE/100g), Total flavonoid content from (0.04-0.07mg QE/100g) and not detected in samples EF3 and GH4. Alkaloid content ranged from (0.06-0.24%), Phytate content ranged from (2.06-3.91mg/100g), Tannin content ranged from (1.37-1.76 mg/100g), Oxalate content ranged from (0.18-0.27mg/100g), Saponin content ranged from (0.06-0.225) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ranged from (0.04-0.05mg/100g) and not detected in sample CD2 and GH4. Also, the microbial analysis results revealed that the honey samples had bacterial count between 2.0 x 103- 9.0 x 103 cfu/ml, the total yeast/mould count had a count of 1.0 x 103, 3.0 x 103, 10.0 x 103 and 5.0 x 103 cfu/ml for the four samples respectively. The coliform count indicates the absence of coliform bacteria in all the samples. Isolates from the honey samples were seven different genera of bacteria (Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus and a trace of Clostridium spp) which could be hazardous to health if not properly handled.
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL, ANTINUTRITIONAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HONEY PRODUCED AND CONSUMED AT FOUR DIFFERENT LOCATIONS","authors":"K. Adesina","doi":"10.36547/ft.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.336","url":null,"abstract":"The floral source, physicochemical, microbiological, anti-nutritional and phytochemical characterization of four different honey samples obtained from different locations in Ondo State were determined. This was with the view of authenticating their nutritional makeup as was as determine their potential to pose health hazards amongst the consumers. Physicochemical analysis gave moisture (13.5± 0.02-15.0±0.03%), Ash (0.5±0.02%-1.5±0.01%), pH (4.33±0.03-5.28±0.02) Titrable acidity (0.19±0.01-0.47±0.02%), total sugar (0.21±0.01-0.03±0.03%), dextrose (0.21±0.01-0.29±0.02%), fructose (0.22±0.03-0.31±0.01%), hydrated lactose(0.28±0.1-0.04±0.02%), hydrated maltose (0.34±0.03-0.48±0.01%), anhydrous lactose (0.27±0.01-0.48±0.01%), electrical conductivity (0.39x 0²± 0.02-5.21x 10²±0.02ms/cm). Total phenol content from (1.45 to 1.66mg GAE/100g), Total flavonoid content from (0.04-0.07mg QE/100g) and not detected in samples EF3 and GH4. Alkaloid content ranged from (0.06-0.24%), Phytate content ranged from (2.06-3.91mg/100g), Tannin content ranged from (1.37-1.76 mg/100g), Oxalate content ranged from (0.18-0.27mg/100g), Saponin content ranged from (0.06-0.225) and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ranged from (0.04-0.05mg/100g) and not detected in sample CD2 and GH4. Also, the microbial analysis results revealed that the honey samples had bacterial count between 2.0 x 103- 9.0 x 103 cfu/ml, the total yeast/mould count had a count of 1.0 x 103, 3.0 x 103, 10.0 x 103 and 5.0 x 103 cfu/ml for the four samples respectively. The coliform count indicates the absence of coliform bacteria in all the samples. Isolates from the honey samples were seven different genera of bacteria (Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus and a trace of Clostridium spp) which could be hazardous to health if not properly handled.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134377632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bitire, K. O. Erinle, O. Fagbola, O. Olanrewaju, Ajayi Olaoluwa Oluwafunto, Dada Victor Adebanjo
A pot experiment was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria using the Completely randomize design to study the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) as affected by mycorrhizal species and poultry manure interplay under screenhouse conditions. The treatments include five levels of mycorrhizal inoculum, and two levels of poultry manure. Data collected include plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area and biomass yield. Analysis of variance was carried out on all data and means were separated using the Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. Glomus gigaspora with 12.5g poultry manure, Glomus gigaspora with sole 6.25g poultry manure significantly enhanced the growth of soybean. Fresh and dry biomass of soybean were also significantly enhanced by Glomus deserticola with 12.5g poultry manure. Number of seeds / pot and grain yield/pot were significantly enhanced when compared with the control. Mycorrhizal spore count in the soil at harvest were significantly different with highest spore observed under Glomus clarum and the least under control. This study conclude that mycorrhizal species-poultry manure combination vary in their effect on the growth and yield of soybean.
采用完全随机设计，在尼日利亚奥约州伊巴丹大学进行盆栽试验，研究了屏蔽条件下菌根菌种和禽粪相互作用对大豆(Glycine max L.)生长的影响。处理包括5级菌根接种和2级禽粪。收集的数据包括株高、叶数、枝数、叶面积和生物量产量。所有数据进行方差分析，均数采用Duncan多重极差检验，p < 0.05。添加12.5g禽粪和单独添加6.25g禽粪的gigaspora均显著促进大豆生长。施用12.5g禽粪的荒漠球囊菌也显著提高了大豆的鲜、干生物量。与对照相比，种子/盆数和籽粒/盆产量显著提高。收获时土壤菌根孢子数差异显著，球囊菌处理土壤菌根孢子数最多，对照土壤菌根孢子数最少。结果表明，菌根菌种与禽粪组合对大豆生长和产量的影响是不同的。
{"title":"INTERPLAY BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND POULTRY MANURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L) MERILL) UNDER SCREENHOUSE CONDITIONS","authors":"T. Bitire, K. O. Erinle, O. Fagbola, O. Olanrewaju, Ajayi Olaoluwa Oluwafunto, Dada Victor Adebanjo","doi":"10.36547/ft.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.338","url":null,"abstract":"A pot experiment was carried out at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria using the Completely randomize design to study the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) as affected by mycorrhizal species and poultry manure interplay under screenhouse conditions. The treatments include five levels of mycorrhizal inoculum, and two levels of poultry manure. Data collected include plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area and biomass yield. Analysis of variance was carried out on all data and means were separated using the Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. Glomus gigaspora with 12.5g poultry manure, Glomus gigaspora with sole 6.25g poultry manure significantly enhanced the growth of soybean. Fresh and dry biomass of soybean were also significantly enhanced by Glomus deserticola with 12.5g poultry manure. Number of seeds / pot and grain yield/pot were significantly enhanced when compared with the control. Mycorrhizal spore count in the soil at harvest were significantly different with highest spore observed under Glomus clarum and the least under control. This study conclude that mycorrhizal species-poultry manure combination vary in their effect on the growth and yield of soybean.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127495652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides and fats is catalyzed by lipases, important enzymes which have essential biotechnological, medical, and industrial roles. Fungi were isolated from palm-oil mill wastes and screened for their lipid-hydrolyzing potentials. Lipase production and activity characteristics were determined using different substrates. Sixteen, out of the 75 fungi isolated, exhibited lipolytic characteristics. Yeast isolate PL2 gave the highest zone of hydrolysis (44.5 mm) and was identified as Kodamaea ohmeri. This yeast was cultured under diverse media conditions for lipase production and the enzyme produced under each physicochemical condition was determined spectrophotometrically. The optimum parameters for lipase production (1% Tween-80, Ca2+, peptone, 37°C and pH 6) were used to produce lipase which was further purified through (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, membrane dialysis and gel chromatography. The activity of the partially purified lipase increased progressively with each purification stage. The lipase had optimum activity at 50oC and was alkalophilic with peak pH for enzymatic hydrolysis at 8.0. The lipase was supported by 0.5% concentrations of SDS and Triton X-100 (129.9 and 129.4%, respectively), and a 100-fold activity increase with 0.5% Tween-80. Lipase activity was augmented by Manganese and calcium ions (10 mM) but inhibited by NH4+, Fe3+ and Na+. The use of Tween-80 resulted in increased enzyme yield as well as better enzyme characteristics compared to other substrates. The knowledge obtained in this study may be harnessed for commercialization of Kodamaea ohmeri lipase.
{"title":"TITLE OF MANUSCRIPT: ENHANCEMENT OF LIPOLYTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A PALM-OIL MILL EFFLUENT-SOURCED KODAMAEA OHMERI PL2","authors":"O. Odeniyi, O. Ajileye","doi":"10.36547/ft.360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.360","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides and fats is catalyzed by lipases, important enzymes which have essential biotechnological, medical, and industrial roles. Fungi were isolated from palm-oil mill wastes and screened for their lipid-hydrolyzing potentials. Lipase production and activity characteristics were determined using different substrates. Sixteen, out of the 75 fungi isolated, exhibited lipolytic characteristics. Yeast isolate PL2 gave the highest zone of hydrolysis (44.5 mm) and was identified as Kodamaea ohmeri. This yeast was cultured under diverse media conditions for lipase production and the enzyme produced under each physicochemical condition was determined spectrophotometrically. The optimum parameters for lipase production (1% Tween-80, Ca2+, peptone, 37°C and pH 6) were used to produce lipase which was further purified through (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, membrane dialysis and gel chromatography. The activity of the partially purified lipase increased progressively with each purification stage. The lipase had optimum activity at 50oC and was alkalophilic with peak pH for enzymatic hydrolysis at 8.0. The lipase was supported by 0.5% concentrations of SDS and Triton X-100 (129.9 and 129.4%, respectively), and a 100-fold activity increase with 0.5% Tween-80. Lipase activity was augmented by Manganese and calcium ions (10 mM) but inhibited by NH4+, Fe3+ and Na+. The use of Tween-80 resulted in increased enzyme yield as well as better enzyme characteristics compared to other substrates. The knowledge obtained in this study may be harnessed for commercialization of Kodamaea ohmeri lipase.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130774264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For many decades ago, planting, harvesting, storing, transporting, distributing, and processing agricultural produce into useful products such as foods and feeds have been plagued by various contaminations and spoilages. Most often, these contaminants are fungi and molds-based microbes producing toxic contaminants that result in severe deterioration of some of the quality characteristics of these agro products. These toxic metabolites are called mycotoxin. Many fungi toxic in food and feed are known to be hazardous to human and animal’s health. To prevent the contamination of mycotoxins in foods and feeds, primary, secondary, and tertiary methods are required. Similarly, certain treatments are equally necessary to control the continuous growth of these toxins in the products. This study deals with the review of these various preventive and corrective methods with the view of providing useful insight to the current practices of mitigating the production and contamination of mycotoxins in food and feed products. The study discusses the tendency of an integrated Taguchi model for predicting or studying mycotoxin through the combination of various preventive activities to emerge the optimum preventive procedure.
{"title":"MYCOTOXINS-CAUSES, PREVENTION AND CONTROL: MATHEMATICAL MODELING STRATEGIES","authors":"K. Adesina","doi":"10.36547/ft.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.337","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades ago, planting, harvesting, storing, transporting, distributing, and processing agricultural produce into useful products such as foods and feeds have been plagued by various contaminations and spoilages. Most often, these contaminants are fungi and molds-based microbes producing toxic contaminants that result in severe deterioration of some of the quality characteristics of these agro products. These toxic metabolites are called mycotoxin. Many fungi toxic in food and feed are known to be hazardous to human and animal’s health. To prevent the contamination of mycotoxins in foods and feeds, primary, secondary, and tertiary methods are required. Similarly, certain treatments are equally necessary to control the continuous growth of these toxins in the products. This study deals with the review of these various preventive and corrective methods with the view of providing useful insight to the current practices of mitigating the production and contamination of mycotoxins in food and feed products. The study discusses the tendency of an integrated Taguchi model for predicting or studying mycotoxin through the combination of various preventive activities to emerge the optimum preventive procedure.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"18 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130392208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr.isaie Mushimiyimana, F. Niyitanga, Celestin Sirimu
Large amount of agro wastes are produced in Rwanda each year. The global annual potential bioethanol production from the major vegetables wastes such as carrot peel, onion peel, potato peel and sugar beet peel was estimated. Those wastes processing were successfully used as raw materials for the production of bioethanol, employing by cellulase produced from various filamentous fungi including Cladosporium cladosporioides was used for hydrolysis and the fermentation of the hydrolyzed samples was done using Sacharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented product was purified by primary distillation process at 79 °C and the fraction was collected. The ethanol is then determined by specific dichromate method and Gas Chromatography. Instantaneous saccharification and fermentation process yielded maximum ethanol in the substrate of carrot peel was 16.9 % at 21st day and further confirmed by Gas chromatography and the yield of ethanol obtained was 15.8 %.
{"title":"POTENTIAL IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM VARIOUS AGRO WASTES FERMENTING BY MICROORGANISMS USING CARROT PEEL, ONION PEEL, POTATO PEEL AND SUGAR BEET PEEL AS SUBSTRATES.","authors":"Dr.isaie Mushimiyimana, F. Niyitanga, Celestin Sirimu","doi":"10.36547/FT.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/FT.132","url":null,"abstract":"Large amount of agro wastes are produced in Rwanda each year. The global annual potential bioethanol production from the major vegetables wastes such as carrot peel, onion peel, potato peel and sugar beet peel was estimated. Those wastes processing were successfully used as raw materials for the production of bioethanol, employing by cellulase produced from various filamentous fungi including Cladosporium cladosporioides was used for hydrolysis and the fermentation of the hydrolyzed samples was done using Sacharomyces cerevisiae. The fermented product was purified by primary distillation process at 79 °C and the fraction was collected. The ethanol is then determined by specific dichromate method and Gas Chromatography. Instantaneous saccharification and fermentation process yielded maximum ethanol in the substrate of carrot peel was 16.9 % at 21st day and further confirmed by Gas chromatography and the yield of ethanol obtained was 15.8 %.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133829149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-11DOI: 10.36547/ft.2020.3.3.20-22
O. Akpoka
Results of this investigation revealed that several species of filamentous fungi are present in the reservoir waters. Samples were collected from the surface and walls of the inner storage tank. The isolation process was done by a range of techniques and media, monitored by trained taxonomist to achieve broad arrays of water-borne fungi classified to species level. The direct plate enrichment counts and filtration technique recorded the highest number of counts (59 % and 32 %) respectively. The sabauraud dextrose Agar (SDA) was observed as the medium that recorded the highest colonies (60 cfu/100 ml) for incubation period of 5 d at 30 oC. Six different fungal taxa were recovered from the three examined sites (ST1, ST2 and ST3) and the ST3 was reported to have the highest number of isolated species. However, certain fungi were observed to be more distributed than others, specifically in species of Aspergillus and Penicillium which tended to be the most common. Although, species of other genera such as Acremonium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor racemosus and Trichophyton sp. were also present but in low counts. The significance of fungi in water systems is lowly expressed as many of the species isolated from water sources are confirmed to possess the potentiality of secreting toxic secondary metabolites like patulin, produced by P. espansum causing immune-suppression in hosts, A.flavus secrets aflatoxins that can be carcinogenic, A. versicolour releases the musty odours in homes, while some moulds are concerned in food deterioration.
调查结果表明，水库水体中存在多种丝状真菌。从内储罐的表面和壁面采集样品。分离过程由一系列技术和培养基完成，由训练有素的分类学家进行监测，以获得广泛的水生真菌分类到物种水平。直接平板富集计数和过滤计数分别达到59%和32%。在30℃孵育5 d时，观察到sabauraud dextrose Agar (SDA)培养基中菌落最高(60 cfu/100 ml)。从3个检测点(ST1、ST2和ST3)中分离出6个不同的真菌分类群，其中ST3的分离种数最多。然而，某些真菌被观察到比其他真菌分布更广，特别是在曲霉和青霉菌的物种中，这往往是最常见的。其他属如顶霉属、匍匐根霉属、总状毛霉属和毛霉属也有分布，但数量较少。真菌在水系统中的重要性是低表达的，因为许多从水源中分离出来的物种被证实具有分泌有毒次生代谢物的潜力，如由P. espansum产生的引起宿主免疫抑制的曲霉素，A.flavus分泌可致癌的黄曲霉毒素，A. versicolour释放家中的霉味，而一些霉菌则与食物变质有关。
{"title":"MICROBIOLOGICAL SURVEY AND DISSEMINATION OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE FROM WATER RESERVOIR (STORAGE TANK) IN CROWN ESTATE, IGBINEDION UNIVERSITY, OKADA, NIGERIA","authors":"O. Akpoka","doi":"10.36547/ft.2020.3.3.20-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2020.3.3.20-22","url":null,"abstract":"Results of this investigation revealed that several species of filamentous fungi are present in the reservoir waters. Samples were collected from the surface and walls of the inner storage tank. The isolation process was done by a range of techniques and media, monitored by trained taxonomist to achieve broad arrays of water-borne fungi classified to species level. The direct plate enrichment counts and filtration technique recorded the highest number of counts (59 % and 32 %) respectively. The sabauraud dextrose Agar (SDA) was observed as the medium that recorded the highest colonies (60 cfu/100 ml) for incubation period of 5 d at 30 oC. Six different fungal taxa were recovered from the three examined sites (ST1, ST2 and ST3) and the ST3 was reported to have the highest number of isolated species. However, certain fungi were observed to be more distributed than others, specifically in species of Aspergillus and Penicillium which tended to be the most common. Although, species of other genera such as Acremonium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor racemosus and Trichophyton sp. were also present but in low counts. The significance of fungi in water systems is lowly expressed as many of the species isolated from water sources are confirmed to possess the potentiality of secreting toxic secondary metabolites like patulin, produced by P. espansum causing immune-suppression in hosts, A.flavus secrets aflatoxins that can be carcinogenic, A. versicolour releases the musty odours in homes, while some moulds are concerned in food deterioration.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126422571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.32-38
Isadora Ferreira da Silva, J. H. Queiroz, J. M. Luz
In this study different conditions of hydrothermal pretreatment were evaluated for conversion of banana pseudo stem to fermentable sugars. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to obtain regression equations in function of the following variables: solid/liquid ratio (1/10; 1/12.5; 1/15), temperature (170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C) and reaction time (10 min, 15 min, 20 min). The cellulose digestibility improved in all conditions tested, with maximum digestibility achieved at 210 °C for 10 minutes and 1/15 of solid/liquid ratio. The Glucose yield at optimal conditions was 58.4 g/kg with an excellent recovery of cellulose of 98%. Thus, the hydrothermal pretreatment demonstrated to be an effective process in increasing cellulose concentration and producing fermentable sugar from recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, based on the design response surface methodology, an optimum condition of each pretreatment could be obtained from the statistical models built. All the variables studied influenced the enzymatic sugar release.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROTHERMAL PRETREATMENT FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF BANANA PSEUDO STEM USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY","authors":"Isadora Ferreira da Silva, J. H. Queiroz, J. M. Luz","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.32-38","url":null,"abstract":"In this study different conditions of hydrothermal pretreatment were evaluated for conversion of banana pseudo stem to fermentable sugars. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to obtain regression equations in function of the following variables: solid/liquid ratio (1/10; 1/12.5; 1/15), temperature (170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C) and reaction time (10 min, 15 min, 20 min). The cellulose digestibility improved in all conditions tested, with maximum digestibility achieved at 210 °C for 10 minutes and 1/15 of solid/liquid ratio. The Glucose yield at optimal conditions was 58.4 g/kg with an excellent recovery of cellulose of 98%. Thus, the hydrothermal pretreatment demonstrated to be an effective process in increasing cellulose concentration and producing fermentable sugar from recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. Furthermore, based on the design response surface methodology, an optimum condition of each pretreatment could be obtained from the statistical models built. All the variables studied influenced the enzymatic sugar release.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132282901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-03DOI: 10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.28-31
E. Vlasenko, O. Kuznetsova, A. Matrosov
Flavor properties of mushrooms are an important criterion that determines the selection of strains for industrial cultivation. The purpose of the study was to determine growth parameters and aroma profile of six most common industrial Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in the process of intensive cultivation on sunflower husk. To achieve this purpose, methods of sensory profile analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy were used.Sensory profile analysis of flavor showed that fruit bodies of the IBK-1535 and IBK-1543 strains had the highest intensity of the mushroom note of aroma.Spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that mushroom hexane extracts had light absorption maxima in the ranges of 207-210 nm and of 250-290 nm. Thus, the spectrum of the strain IBK-1535 had the highest intensity in the whole range of wavelengths.The screening of P. ostreatus strains allows us to recommend the IBK-1535 and IBK-1543 strains, which have a high growth rate and productivity, as well as the most pronounced characteristic mushroom aroma, for industrial cultivation.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AROMA PROPERTIES OF Pleurotus ostreatus INDUSTRIAL STRAINS","authors":"E. Vlasenko, O. Kuznetsova, A. Matrosov","doi":"10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.28-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ft.2019.2.4.28-31","url":null,"abstract":"Flavor properties of mushrooms are an important criterion that determines the selection of strains for industrial cultivation. The purpose of the study was to determine growth parameters and aroma profile of six most common industrial Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in the process of intensive cultivation on sunflower husk. To achieve this purpose, methods of sensory profile analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy were used.Sensory profile analysis of flavor showed that fruit bodies of the IBK-1535 and IBK-1543 strains had the highest intensity of the mushroom note of aroma.Spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated that mushroom hexane extracts had light absorption maxima in the ranges of 207-210 nm and of 250-290 nm. Thus, the spectrum of the strain IBK-1535 had the highest intensity in the whole range of wavelengths.The screening of P. ostreatus strains allows us to recommend the IBK-1535 and IBK-1543 strains, which have a high growth rate and productivity, as well as the most pronounced characteristic mushroom aroma, for industrial cultivation.","PeriodicalId":153699,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Territory","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125328486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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