Noura Khram, Maha Aboul Ela, Mohamad Ali Hijazi, L. Soubra
Osteoporosis is a silent skeletal disease that is often recognized when fractures occur as a result of minimal trauma. Limited studies have assessed the degree of pharmacists’ involvement in osteoporosis prevention, risk-assessment/screening and physician referrals. To assess the Lebanese community pharmacists’ knowledge, practice and barriers regarding osteoporosis prevention. Secondary aim is to assess the pharmacists’ ability to identify high-risk patients who should be referred for bone mineral density (BMD) testing. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Beirut, Lebanon between September and October 2020 using self-administered questionnaire. Pharmacists completed a multi-component questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, practices, knowledge and barriers in relation to osteoporosis prevention and high-risk identification. Frequencies and proportions were used to describe the data. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the determinants of knowledge in the study population. The majority of pharmacists were rarely/never involved in counseling patients on osteoporosis risk factors (57.5%) and healthy lifestyle habits (62.5%) as well as engaging in risk-assessment (63.1%), screening using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) (0%) and physician referrals (sometimes-55.6%). In addition, pharmacists were also scarcely involved in reducing the risk of falls (55.1-59.4%). Pharmacists were knowledgeable about osteoporosis prevention however had important gaps in the diseases that increase osteoporosis risk as well as in FRAX tool, indications that require BMD testing and increased risk of fall medications. Significant predictors of knowledge were receiving postgraduate training on osteoporosis and earning the pharmacy degree from a university in Lebanon. Barriers to providing osteoporosis services included lack of time, staff, space, patients’ interest in prevention activities and limited inter-professional collaboration. The study findings provided important insights on the practices, knowledge and barriers of pharmacists regarding osteoporosis prevention and high-risk identification. Concerted efforts of multiple stakeholders are needed to promote the active role of community pharmacists in order to reduce the risk of morbidity, mortality and health-care costs associated with osteoporosis and related fractures.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE LEBANESE COMMUNITY PHARMACIST KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE AND BARRIERS REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS","authors":"Noura Khram, Maha Aboul Ela, Mohamad Ali Hijazi, L. Soubra","doi":"10.54729/tjqn9288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/tjqn9288","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a silent skeletal disease that is often recognized when fractures occur as a result of minimal trauma. Limited studies have assessed the degree of pharmacists’ involvement in osteoporosis prevention, risk-assessment/screening and physician referrals. To assess the Lebanese community pharmacists’ knowledge, practice and barriers regarding osteoporosis prevention. Secondary aim is to assess the pharmacists’ ability to identify high-risk patients who should be referred for bone mineral density (BMD) testing. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Beirut, Lebanon between September and October 2020 using self-administered questionnaire. Pharmacists completed a multi-component questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, practices, knowledge and barriers in relation to osteoporosis prevention and high-risk identification. Frequencies and proportions were used to describe the data. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the determinants of knowledge in the study population. The majority of pharmacists were rarely/never involved in counseling patients on osteoporosis risk factors (57.5%) and healthy lifestyle habits (62.5%) as well as engaging in risk-assessment (63.1%), screening using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) (0%) and physician referrals (sometimes-55.6%). In addition, pharmacists were also scarcely involved in reducing the risk of falls (55.1-59.4%). Pharmacists were knowledgeable about osteoporosis prevention however had important gaps in the diseases that increase osteoporosis risk as well as in FRAX tool, indications that require BMD testing and increased risk of fall medications. Significant predictors of knowledge were receiving postgraduate training on osteoporosis and earning the pharmacy degree from a university in Lebanon. Barriers to providing osteoporosis services included lack of time, staff, space, patients’ interest in prevention activities and limited inter-professional collaboration. The study findings provided important insights on the practices, knowledge and barriers of pharmacists regarding osteoporosis prevention and high-risk identification. Concerted efforts of multiple stakeholders are needed to promote the active role of community pharmacists in order to reduce the risk of morbidity, mortality and health-care costs associated with osteoporosis and related fractures.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116931582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rawan Taleb, Rayan Jad, Rayan Salem, N. Lababidi, Noorhan Awassa, Hadi Atchan, Hiba Deek
The aim was to highlight the dermatological side effect “acne” of repetitive usage of face masks on the skin of adults living in Lebanon through a cross sectional descriptive study involving self-administered questionnaire. Following ethical and administration approval, the questionnaire in English language was generated on a link through Google forms. The link was disseminated through social media; Facebook, Instagram and to the WhatsApp groups of the research group who are nursing BS students at the Faculty of Health Sciences. A total of 305 completed the questionnaire. Data analysis was done via SPSS. The mean age of the study participants was 22.62 years (SD=6.29). The majority (n=218, 71.5%) were female and a large number (n=203, 66.6%) were students living in Beirut (n=172, 56.4%). Skin characteristics were changed significantly after wearing a mask for a long period of time. Maskne developed after routinely wearing a mask for at least five hours daily. Other factors that increased the risk of developing Maskne included female gender, gastrointestinal problems, using hydrating facial products, having an oily or sensitive skin, oral contraceptives use, stress, history of acne, and hot weather. The majority graded their acne as mild and experienced redness and oiliness underneath their masks. The study identified the association between wearing facemasks and acne development during the covid-19 pandemic. Wearing a mask during this pandemic is definitely necessary but expected skin changes can be avoided and skin health can be preserved with the appropriate measures. Additional studies are needed to better understand how to manage mask-related acne development and inform clinical decision-making.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF FREQUENTLY WEARING FACE MASKS DURING THE COVID- 19 PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACNE IN ADULTS: A CROSSSECTIONAL DESCRIPTIVE STUDY","authors":"Rawan Taleb, Rayan Jad, Rayan Salem, N. Lababidi, Noorhan Awassa, Hadi Atchan, Hiba Deek","doi":"10.54729/mxtg6413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/mxtg6413","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to highlight the dermatological side effect “acne” of repetitive usage of face masks on the skin of adults living in Lebanon through a cross sectional descriptive study involving self-administered questionnaire. Following ethical and administration approval, the questionnaire in English language was generated on a link through Google forms. The link was disseminated through social media; Facebook, Instagram and to the WhatsApp groups of the research group who are nursing BS students at the Faculty of Health Sciences. A total of 305 completed the questionnaire. Data analysis was done via SPSS. The mean age of the study participants was 22.62 years (SD=6.29). The majority (n=218, 71.5%) were female and a large number (n=203, 66.6%) were students living in Beirut (n=172, 56.4%). Skin characteristics were changed significantly after wearing a mask for a long period of time. Maskne developed after routinely wearing a mask for at least five hours daily. Other factors that increased the risk of developing Maskne included female gender, gastrointestinal problems, using hydrating facial products, having an oily or sensitive skin, oral contraceptives use, stress, history of acne, and hot weather. The majority graded their acne as mild and experienced redness and oiliness underneath their masks. The study identified the association between wearing facemasks and acne development during the covid-19 pandemic. Wearing a mask during this pandemic is definitely necessary but expected skin changes can be avoided and skin health can be preserved with the appropriate measures. Additional studies are needed to better understand how to manage mask-related acne development and inform clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133070720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical antibiotics prescription has increased globally in patients with COVID-19 for suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. Hence, concerns have been raised about potential rise in antibiotic resistance that will create further challenges for antimicrobial stewardship. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. The survey was distributed online using GOOGLE forms and included questions addressing socio-demographic characteristics, trainings in antibiotics use and healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the pandemic. In total, 399 healthcare workers responded to the survey. Less than half of them had already participated in antibiotic prescription trainings before or during the pandemic. However, only 11% participated, mostly nurses, in antibiotic stewardship program. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic with Vitamin C and Zinc used as second line treatments in COVID-19 patients. In addition, nearly two-third of the participants reported an increase in antibiotic use during the early phase of the pandemic and considered that COVID-19 patients are receiving unnecessary antibiotics. This study showed excessive antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon that needs to be tackled by raising awareness of antimicrobial stewardship and control measures.
{"title":"HEALTHCARE WORKERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING ANTIBIOTIC USE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LEBANON: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"S. Mina, Bilal Azakir","doi":"10.54729/ydel5984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/ydel5984","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, empirical antibiotics prescription has increased globally in patients with COVID-19 for suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. Hence, concerns have been raised about potential rise in antibiotic resistance that will create further challenges for antimicrobial stewardship. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. The survey was distributed online using GOOGLE forms and included questions addressing socio-demographic characteristics, trainings in antibiotics use and healthcare workers attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics prescription during the pandemic. In total, 399 healthcare workers responded to the survey. Less than half of them had already participated in antibiotic prescription trainings before or during the pandemic. However, only 11% participated, mostly nurses, in antibiotic stewardship program. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic with Vitamin C and Zinc used as second line treatments in COVID-19 patients. In addition, nearly two-third of the participants reported an increase in antibiotic use during the early phase of the pandemic and considered that COVID-19 patients are receiving unnecessary antibiotics. This study showed excessive antibiotics prescription during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon that needs to be tackled by raising awareness of antimicrobial stewardship and control measures.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132227876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Street food carts serve different types of popular and traditional foods; it is a common economic sector worldwide. In North Lebanon, food carts are mobile or centered in specific places serving common and well known RTE meals. In addition, the increasing incidence of foodborne illnesses associated with street foods sheds light on the importance of inspecting the practices of street vendors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the food safety in 30 food carts using an observational checklist and to perform microbiological analysis for the detection of foodborne pathogens namely; yeast, mold, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, B-glucuronidase E.coli, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens in 10 samples of orange juice, 10 samples of cheese caek and 10 samples of meat shawarma; moreover to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in RTE foods and street vendor’s hands. Out of 30 vendors, 100% were males, 80% with an age between 25-44, 80% of them had less than high school level and 66.7% had fixed stalls. When vendors were observed for food safety practices, 70% and 86.7% of them did not store raw materials separately nor in suitable form respectively, 43.5% cleaned their carts monthly, 96% shared utensils between many types of food, 70% did not clean the counter top surface before starting food preparation; moreover 96%, 76 % and 83% of vendors were not wearing net, gloves nor an appropriate uniform, respectively. Results showed that all tested samples were contaminated with at least one of the tested foodborne pathogens, unsatisfactory levels of yeast and mold were recorded in 10 and 9 orange juice samples, respectively. On the other hand, B-glucuronides E.coli exceeded standard limit in two samples of RTE food, one shawarma sample did not meet standard with respect to C. perfringens, Remarkably, unsatisfactory levels of S. aureus were detected in 55 % of RTE samples and in 30 % of vendor’s hands. S. aureus strains were susceptible to at least one of the used antibiotics, accordingly one isolated from vendor’s hand is considered as MRSA. Therefore, the unsatisfactory levels of yeast, mold and S. aureus in tested samples were induced by vendor’s violation of food safety practices. Consequently, the current proposes to improve the legislation needs to provide safe food for the end consumer.
{"title":"FOOD SAFETY PRACTICES AMONG FOOD CARTS IN -NORTH LEBANON","authors":"Hanin Hasan, Nada El Darra, Ali Al Khatib","doi":"10.54729/zlic6777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/zlic6777","url":null,"abstract":"Street food carts serve different types of popular and traditional foods; it is a common economic sector worldwide. In North Lebanon, food carts are mobile or centered in specific places serving common and well known RTE meals. In addition, the increasing incidence of foodborne illnesses associated with street foods sheds light on the importance of inspecting the practices of street vendors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the food safety in 30 food carts using an observational checklist and to perform microbiological analysis for the detection of foodborne pathogens namely; yeast, mold, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli, B-glucuronidase E.coli, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium perfringens in 10 samples of orange juice, 10 samples of cheese caek and 10 samples of meat shawarma; moreover to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in RTE foods and street vendor’s hands. Out of 30 vendors, 100% were males, 80% with an age between 25-44, 80% of them had less than high school level and 66.7% had fixed stalls. When vendors were observed for food safety practices, 70% and 86.7% of them did not store raw materials separately nor in suitable form respectively, 43.5% cleaned their carts monthly, 96% shared utensils between many types of food, 70% did not clean the counter top surface before starting food preparation; moreover 96%, 76 % and 83% of vendors were not wearing net, gloves nor an appropriate uniform, respectively. Results showed that all tested samples were contaminated with at least one of the tested foodborne pathogens, unsatisfactory levels of yeast and mold were recorded in 10 and 9 orange juice samples, respectively. On the other hand, B-glucuronides E.coli exceeded standard limit in two samples of RTE food, one shawarma sample did not meet standard with respect to C. perfringens, Remarkably, unsatisfactory levels of S. aureus were detected in 55 % of RTE samples and in 30 % of vendor’s hands. S. aureus strains were susceptible to at least one of the used antibiotics, accordingly one isolated from vendor’s hand is considered as MRSA. Therefore, the unsatisfactory levels of yeast, mold and S. aureus in tested samples were induced by vendor’s violation of food safety practices. Consequently, the current proposes to improve the legislation needs to provide safe food for the end consumer.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effect Interleukin-16 (IL-16) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms, and their interaction, on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) risk in the Lebanese population. Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay was performed to determine IL-16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 and IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphisms in 118 patients diagnosed with KOA ( ≥ 2 points on Kellgren-Lawrence (K&L) radiological classification scale) and 70 controls matched for age and gender (K&L score ≤ 1). After adjusting for age, gender, presence of metabolic disorders, smoking and drinking status, our findings suggest that rs4778889 TT genotype increases the risk for KOA compared to the combined CC and TC genotypes (OR=2.131, 95% CI 1.037 – 4.379, p = 0.04) and that the T allele increases KOA risk compared to the C allele (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.008 – 3.212, p = 0.047). No significant associations with the disease risk were found for the other studied polymorphisms (p > 0.05). Our data suggest that there is an interaction between IL-16 rs4778889 and IL-10 rs1800896 (p = 0.010). IL-16 rs4778889 TT genotype increases the risk for KOA only among individuals carrying IL-10 rs1800896 GG or GA genotypes (OR=4.821, 95% CI 1.847 – 12.583). None of the IL-16 haplotypes was associated with KOA risk in our study population (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that IL-16 rs4778889 T allele is associated with KOA and that there is an interaction between this polymorphism and IL-10 rs1800896 with regard to KOA.
研究白细胞介素-16 (IL-16)和白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)多态性及其相互作用对黎巴嫩人群膝骨关节炎(KOA)风险的影响。采用竞争等位基因特异性PCR (KASP)分型检测118例确诊为KOA的患者(K&L分级≥2分)和70例年龄和性别匹配的对照组(K&L评分≤1分)的IL-16 rs4778889、rs11556218、rs4072111和IL-10 rs1800896多态性。我们的研究结果表明，rs4778889 TT基因型比CC和TC联合基因型增加KOA的风险(OR=2.131, 95% CI 1.037 ~ 4.379, p = 0.04)， T等位基因比C等位基因增加KOA的风险(OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.008 ~ 3.212, p = 0.047)。其他研究多态性与疾病风险无显著相关性(p > 0.05)。我们的数据表明IL-16 rs4778889和IL-10 rs1800896之间存在相互作用(p = 0.010)。IL-16 rs4778889 TT基因型仅在携带IL-10 rs1800896 GG或GA基因型的个体中增加KOA的风险(or =4.821, 95% CI 1.847 - 12.583)。在我们的研究人群中，没有IL-16单倍型与KOA风险相关(p > 0.05)。我们的研究结果表明，IL-16 rs4778889 T等位基因与KOA有关，并且这种多态性与IL-10 rs1800896在KOA方面存在相互作用。
{"title":"INTERLEUKIN-16 RS4778889 POLYMORPHISM AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INTERLEUKIN-10 RS1800896 POLYMORPHISM INCREASE THE RISK FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN THE LEBANESE POPULATION","authors":"Z. El-Ali, F. Ziade, H. Zmerly, N. Bissar","doi":"10.54729/upgp4920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/upgp4920","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect Interleukin-16 (IL-16) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms, and their interaction, on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) risk in the Lebanese population. Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay was performed to determine IL-16 rs4778889, rs11556218, and rs4072111 and IL-10 rs1800896 polymorphisms in 118 patients diagnosed with KOA ( ≥ 2 points on Kellgren-Lawrence (K&L) radiological classification scale) and 70 controls matched for age and gender (K&L score ≤ 1). After adjusting for age, gender, presence of metabolic disorders, smoking and drinking status, our findings suggest that rs4778889 TT genotype increases the risk for KOA compared to the combined CC and TC genotypes (OR=2.131, 95% CI 1.037 – 4.379, p = 0.04) and that the T allele increases KOA risk compared to the C allele (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.008 – 3.212, p = 0.047). No significant associations with the disease risk were found for the other studied polymorphisms (p > 0.05). Our data suggest that there is an interaction between IL-16 rs4778889 and IL-10 rs1800896 (p = 0.010). IL-16 rs4778889 TT genotype increases the risk for KOA only among individuals carrying IL-10 rs1800896 GG or GA genotypes (OR=4.821, 95% CI 1.847 – 12.583). None of the IL-16 haplotypes was associated with KOA risk in our study population (p > 0.05). Our findings suggest that IL-16 rs4778889 T allele is associated with KOA and that there is an interaction between this polymorphism and IL-10 rs1800896 with regard to KOA.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121573125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayssaloune Ali Kanso, Maha Aboul Ela, A. El-Lakany, Mohamad Ali Hijazi
Medicinal plants are used for the prevention and treatment of many diseases as they are rich in phytochemical constituents (like terpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids) responsible for the pharmacological effects of these plants. Genus Melaleuca named the tea tree, belonging to the family Myrtaceae, is cultivated in Australia as well as in the Pacific and some regions of Asia. It has been employed in Australian traditional medicine for its broad antimicrobial activity because of its contents of phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and essential oils. Owing to the valuable uses of plants of genus Melaleuca, for different medical purposes, it was deemed interest to summarize the previous studies reported from 2004 to 2020 in the available literature about the phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of both volatile and non-volatile components of Melaleuca species. Accordingly, this article may help researchers work on plants of genus Melaleuca to promote clinical applications towards the development of novel drugs of diverse pharmacological activities, including inhibitory effects on COVID 19 obtained from Melaleuca species.
{"title":"GENUS MELALEUCA: PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY AND EFFECT AGAINST COVID-19","authors":"Mayssaloune Ali Kanso, Maha Aboul Ela, A. El-Lakany, Mohamad Ali Hijazi","doi":"10.54729/kmci3389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54729/kmci3389","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are used for the prevention and treatment of many diseases as they are rich in phytochemical constituents (like terpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids) responsible for the pharmacological effects of these plants. Genus Melaleuca named the tea tree, belonging to the family Myrtaceae, is cultivated in Australia as well as in the Pacific and some regions of Asia. It has been employed in Australian traditional medicine for its broad antimicrobial activity because of its contents of phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, tannins, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and essential oils. Owing to the valuable uses of plants of genus Melaleuca, for different medical purposes, it was deemed interest to summarize the previous studies reported from 2004 to 2020 in the available literature about the phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of both volatile and non-volatile components of Melaleuca species. Accordingly, this article may help researchers work on plants of genus Melaleuca to promote clinical applications towards the development of novel drugs of diverse pharmacological activities, including inhibitory effects on COVID 19 obtained from Melaleuca species.","PeriodicalId":154757,"journal":{"name":"BAU Journal - Health and Well-Being","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126490693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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