Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.889
Yousef almehrzi, M. A. Najjar, Mohammed Alnuaimi
COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread to become a pandemic with over 100 million confirmed cases and still growing. The infectious nature and hence, high hospitalization rates and intensive care admissions are resulting in high mortality rates. Alarmingly, COVID-19 infection and virus-induced respiratory dysfunction poses a serious threat to patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, Asthma, COPD and obesity. COVID-19 patients with diabetes show higher complication and mortality rate than patients without diabetes. Transient non-severe increased insulin requirement in patients hospitalized for medical conditions such as sepsis or myocardial infarction is a well-known phenomenon. However, extremely high-dose insulin requirement remains a very rarely reported entity, but this showed up in COVID-19 positive cases. Here, we report the case of transitory moderate increase in insulin requirement in a type 1 diabetic (T1D) patient who was previously well controlled in the absences of any medical conditions known to be a causative factor. We collected the data and compared total insulin daily requirement against pre-meal glycemia and blood gas results to reflect insulin resistance and multiple DKA events related to trials of multiple oral hypoglycemic agents and GLP1 analogue as potential target for intervention in addition to insulin therapy and low carb diet.
{"title":"An Insulin Resistance Case Report: Uncontrolled Hyperglycaemia in type 1 Diabetic Patient Post COVID-19 Infection","authors":"Yousef almehrzi, M. A. Najjar, Mohammed Alnuaimi","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.889","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has spread to become a pandemic with over 100 million confirmed cases and still growing. The infectious nature and hence, high hospitalization rates and intensive care admissions are resulting in high mortality rates. Alarmingly, COVID-19 infection and virus-induced respiratory dysfunction poses a serious threat to patients with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, Asthma, COPD and obesity. COVID-19 patients with diabetes show higher complication and mortality rate than patients without diabetes. Transient non-severe increased insulin requirement in patients hospitalized for medical conditions such as sepsis or myocardial infarction is a well-known phenomenon. However, extremely high-dose insulin requirement remains a very rarely reported entity, but this showed up in COVID-19 positive cases. Here, we report the case of transitory moderate increase in insulin requirement in a type 1 diabetic (T1D) patient who was previously well controlled in the absences of any medical conditions known to be a causative factor. We collected the data and compared total insulin daily requirement against pre-meal glycemia and blood gas results to reflect insulin resistance and multiple DKA events related to trials of multiple oral hypoglycemic agents and GLP1 analogue as potential target for intervention in addition to insulin therapy and low carb diet.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88486763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.888
S. Riaz
{"title":"Arsenic as Diabetogenic agent in the Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"S. Riaz","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"105 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74485126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.890
Aya Gamal Moussa, Gamal Abdelkhalek Alazab, O. M. Ibrahim, Yasser M. Abdelraouf
Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is believed to be the most common chronic liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the vildagliptin versus vildagliptin / metformin combination in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T 2DM). Methods: One hundred twenty patients, who were newly diagnosed with T 2DM, and proof of diagnosis of NAFLD, were enrolled in a twelve-month open label prospective parallel study. The patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 received vildagliptin in a dose of 50 mg twice daily and Group 2 received vildagliptin/metformin in a dose of 50 mg/ 1000 mg twice daily. Body mass index and fatty liver ultrasound grading were evaluated with the assay of HbA1c and serum levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, fasting insulin, adiponectin, ferritin, and creatinine and blood urea with calculation of HOMA-IR before and after treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement in fatty liver ultrasound grading in both groups (p=0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the improvement in NAFLD grading in both groups was affected by change in BMI, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and adiponectin. After twelve months both groups showed significant decrease in BMI (p=0.001), fasting serum insulin (p<0.05 and p=0.001, respectively), HOMA-IR, HbA1c and triglycerides (p=0.001). However, adiponectin level increased significantly in both groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: Both vildagliptin or vildagliptin/metformin combination can improve fatty liver disease through their effect on BMI, serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, adiponectin and HOMA-IR.
{"title":"Effect of Vildagliptin versus Vildagliptin plus Metformin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Aya Gamal Moussa, Gamal Abdelkhalek Alazab, O. M. Ibrahim, Yasser M. Abdelraouf","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.890","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is believed to be the most common chronic liver disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the vildagliptin versus vildagliptin / metformin combination in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T 2DM). Methods: One hundred twenty patients, who were newly diagnosed with T 2DM, and proof of diagnosis of NAFLD, were enrolled in a twelve-month open label prospective parallel study. The patients were divided into two groups; Group 1 received vildagliptin in a dose of 50 mg twice daily and Group 2 received vildagliptin/metformin in a dose of 50 mg/ 1000 mg twice daily. Body mass index and fatty liver ultrasound grading were evaluated with the assay of HbA1c and serum levels of fasting and postprandial glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, fasting insulin, adiponectin, ferritin, and creatinine and blood urea with calculation of HOMA-IR before and after treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement in fatty liver ultrasound grading in both groups (p=0.001). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the improvement in NAFLD grading in both groups was affected by change in BMI, HbA1c, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides and adiponectin. After twelve months both groups showed significant decrease in BMI (p=0.001), fasting serum insulin (p<0.05 and p=0.001, respectively), HOMA-IR, HbA1c and triglycerides (p=0.001). However, adiponectin level increased significantly in both groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: Both vildagliptin or vildagliptin/metformin combination can improve fatty liver disease through their effect on BMI, serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, adiponectin and HOMA-IR.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"90 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82366468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.896
Saima Shokat, R. Iqbal, Atif Yaqoob, F. Shahid, S. Riaz
Millions of people die each year due to diabetes, it occurs in all groups of ages but there is no proper cure of this disease. There are so many causes of diabetes like poor life style, genetic factor, environmental pollutants and heavy metals etc. Heavy metals exposure is widespread and type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic extent. Genetic variations can be considered as internal contributing factors in susceptibility of individuals to heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic and related other toxicities. Polymorphism in different genes, which are directly/indirectly involving in the metabolism of arsenic, cadmium and other biological pollutants, may lead to accumulation of these pollutants in the body. It may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. This study is designed to determine the effect of heavy metals as arsenic exposure as diabetogenic agents on the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s genetic and proteomic analysis against heavy metals. For this purpose, blood samples of diabetes patients will be collected from different areas of Pakistan. All base line hematology, physical, biochemical parameters from blood samples will be assessed by electrophoretic, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. Genomic, Proteomic, Atomic Absorption analysis will be carried out by using advanced molecular biology techniques. In the present work, main focus on some of the most important heavy metals like arsenic exposure, their properties and effects that is documented and suspected risks on the human population. In this work, the main purpose is to determine the effect of arsenic exposure on type 2 diabetes mellitus, the expression of genes and proteins on human blood and help in early diagnosis, preventive and management of the disease.
{"title":"Molecular Level Evaluation of Arsenic as Diabetogenic agent in the Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Saima Shokat, R. Iqbal, Atif Yaqoob, F. Shahid, S. Riaz","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.896","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of people die each year due to diabetes, it occurs in all groups of ages but there is no proper cure of this disease. There are so many causes of diabetes like poor life style, genetic factor, environmental pollutants and heavy metals etc. Heavy metals exposure is widespread and type 2 diabetes is reaching epidemic extent. Genetic variations can be considered as internal contributing factors in susceptibility of individuals to heavy metals and metalloids like cadmium, arsenic and related other toxicities. Polymorphism in different genes, which are directly/indirectly involving in the metabolism of arsenic, cadmium and other biological pollutants, may lead to accumulation of these pollutants in the body. It may lead to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. This study is designed to determine the effect of heavy metals as arsenic exposure as diabetogenic agents on the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s genetic and proteomic analysis against heavy metals. For this purpose, blood samples of diabetes patients will be collected from different areas of Pakistan. All base line hematology, physical, biochemical parameters from blood samples will be assessed by electrophoretic, chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. Genomic, Proteomic, Atomic Absorption analysis will be carried out by using advanced molecular biology techniques. In the present work, main focus on some of the most important heavy metals like arsenic exposure, their properties and effects that is documented and suspected risks on the human population. In this work, the main purpose is to determine the effect of arsenic exposure on type 2 diabetes mellitus, the expression of genes and proteins on human blood and help in early diagnosis, preventive and management of the disease.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.902
Ishita Saha, R. Das
The worldwide escalation of obesity (or body mass index (BMI)) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in economically developed, or developing countries poses a great health challenge. BMI is one of the principal causes of type 2 diabetes.
{"title":"Role of Insulin Level on Pregnant American (Pima) Indians","authors":"Ishita Saha, R. Das","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.902","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide escalation of obesity (or body mass index (BMI)) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in economically developed, or developing countries poses a great health challenge. BMI is one of the principal causes of type 2 diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82691872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.895
Muluwork Tefera Dinberu
Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute and life-threatening situation that accounts for the majority of diabetes related morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents who suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most severe endocrine emergency in pediatrics, which is characterized by hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dl or 14 moll/l), metabolic acidosis (venous pH < 7.3), with associated glucosuria, ketonuria, and ketonemia. Objective: To assess the precipitating factors, clinical presentation, and treatment outcome of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients in two tertiary hospital of Addis Ababa. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on the case records of 175 children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2020. They were managed using a standard protocol including intravenous fluids and insulin infusion. Blood glucose, serum electrolytes, blood urea, and urinary ketones were monitored at regular intervals. The outcomes were assessed. The data was checked for its ’ completeness and entered into Epi version 4.6, and imported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. The Associations between independent and dependent variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression models. Result: The median age at presentation was 8 years ’ ranges from < 6 months to ≤ 12 years with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. One hundred thirtyseven children (78.3%) were detected to have diabetes mellitus at the time of presentation. Dehydration, Polyuria with polydipsia was the commonest clinical presentation. The precipitating factor of DKA was newly diagnosed, omission of insulin and infection respectively (137, 78.3%, 33, 21.7% and 5,2.9%). There was mortality which accounts 6.9%. Conclusion and Recommendation: DKA were most prevalent in newly diagnosed TIDM cases. Newly diagnosed T1DM and insulin omission were the main factors associated with DKA. The age of presentation and clinical symptoms of studied subjects were similar to international studies. High frequency of DKA at presentation of T1DM requires careful attention to issues of early diagnosis before development of ketoacidosis and subsequently need prevention of DKA management complication. We recommend all the health facilities to give health education about the sign and symptoms of DM and the acute complications of DM.
{"title":"Assessment of Clinical Profile, And Treatment Outcome of Diabetic Ketoacidosis among Diabetic Children, In Two Selected Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020","authors":"Muluwork Tefera Dinberu","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.895","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute and life-threatening situation that accounts for the majority of diabetes related morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents who suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Diabetic ketoacidosis is the most severe endocrine emergency in pediatrics, which is characterized by hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dl or 14 moll/l), metabolic acidosis (venous pH < 7.3), with associated glucosuria, ketonuria, and ketonemia. Objective: To assess the precipitating factors, clinical presentation, and treatment outcome of diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients in two tertiary hospital of Addis Ababa. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done on the case records of 175 children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2020. They were managed using a standard protocol including intravenous fluids and insulin infusion. Blood glucose, serum electrolytes, blood urea, and urinary ketones were monitored at regular intervals. The outcomes were assessed. The data was checked for its ’ completeness and entered into Epi version 4.6, and imported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. The Associations between independent and dependent variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression models. Result: The median age at presentation was 8 years ’ ranges from < 6 months to ≤ 12 years with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. One hundred thirtyseven children (78.3%) were detected to have diabetes mellitus at the time of presentation. Dehydration, Polyuria with polydipsia was the commonest clinical presentation. The precipitating factor of DKA was newly diagnosed, omission of insulin and infection respectively (137, 78.3%, 33, 21.7% and 5,2.9%). There was mortality which accounts 6.9%. Conclusion and Recommendation: DKA were most prevalent in newly diagnosed TIDM cases. Newly diagnosed T1DM and insulin omission were the main factors associated with DKA. The age of presentation and clinical symptoms of studied subjects were similar to international studies. High frequency of DKA at presentation of T1DM requires careful attention to issues of early diagnosis before development of ketoacidosis and subsequently need prevention of DKA management complication. We recommend all the health facilities to give health education about the sign and symptoms of DM and the acute complications of DM.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83702206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.900
M. Tyurin
Our aim was to check the suitability of the human intestine for the delivery of the re-combinant proteins in humans. The prospective applications of said technology are huge, since travel in the outer Space to locate new planets for the relocation of the over crowded Earth will face the need for the crew vaccination from the pathological microorganisms, found in these outer Space locations. We invented the technology to treat Diabetes II and his chronic anemia in the adult volunteer as the draft of said new applications of said in vivo technology. The strain of lactobacilli from normal human intestinal microflora was isolated, genetically engineered and then returned back for the adhesion back to the host intestinal epithelium of the volunteer. The volunteer was cured from his Diabetes II and chronic anemia. We discuss the potential applications of said technology for the in vivo expression of the vaccines for the crews of the outer space long range travel missions coming soon.
{"title":"Expression In Situ Of The Recombinant Human Erythropoetin And Recombinant Insulin","authors":"M. Tyurin","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.900","url":null,"abstract":"Our aim was to check the suitability of the human intestine for the delivery of the re-combinant proteins in humans. The prospective applications of said technology are huge, since travel in the outer Space to locate new planets for the relocation of the over crowded Earth will face the need for the crew vaccination from the pathological microorganisms, found in these outer Space locations. We invented the technology to treat Diabetes II and his chronic anemia in the adult volunteer as the draft of said new applications of said in vivo technology. The strain of lactobacilli from normal human intestinal microflora was isolated, genetically engineered and then returned back for the adhesion back to the host intestinal epithelium of the volunteer. The volunteer was cured from his Diabetes II and chronic anemia. We discuss the potential applications of said technology for the in vivo expression of the vaccines for the crews of the outer space long range travel missions coming soon.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85770600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.882
O. OlusolaAugustine, Onikanni Sunday Amos
Background: In the western part of Nigeria, different medicinal plants including Sterculia tragacantha has been proved in managing diabetes mellitus with no scientific basis. This research focus on the neuroprotective and antioxidative potential of aqueous crude extract from S. tragacantha leaf (AESTL) using streptozotocin-induced diabetes using albino rat model. Methodology: AESTL was prepared (w/v) and its effect on biomarkers of inflammation; together with some oxidative stress, markers on the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Results: The results showed that diabetic rats treated with AESTL exhibited an inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitters: acetylcholinesterase (AchE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), dopamine, serotonin, NO and Na+K+ ATPase, in a dose dependent manner, on the brain of the animals when compared with diabetic control. Furthermore, the results revealed that no similar effect was observed in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain of the control and diabetic rats treated with (150 and 300 mg/kg of AESTL). Also, this was observed on metformin (standard drug) group with similar effect with the control group but the vehicle (untreated diabetic group) when compared with the control group and diabetic rats treated with (150 and 300 mg/kg of AESTL) in CAT and SOD showed significant (p < 0.05) increase within the stipulated days of the experiments. In addition, brain content of the glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly increased with co-administration of the AESTL doses when compared with the vehicle. Conclusion: Inhibitory effect of AChE, BChE and some other biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidative potentials by AESTL could be the major breakthrough in the management of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Neuroprotective and Antioxidative Potentials of Aqueous Crude Extract of Sterculia Tragacantha Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats","authors":"O. OlusolaAugustine, Onikanni Sunday Amos","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.882","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the western part of Nigeria, different medicinal plants including Sterculia tragacantha has been proved in managing diabetes mellitus with no scientific basis. This research focus on the neuroprotective and antioxidative potential of aqueous crude extract from S. tragacantha leaf (AESTL) using streptozotocin-induced diabetes using albino rat model. Methodology: AESTL was prepared (w/v) and its effect on biomarkers of inflammation; together with some oxidative stress, markers on the brain of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Results: The results showed that diabetic rats treated with AESTL exhibited an inhibitory effect on the neurotransmitters: acetylcholinesterase (AchE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), dopamine, serotonin, NO and Na+K+ ATPase, in a dose dependent manner, on the brain of the animals when compared with diabetic control. Furthermore, the results revealed that no similar effect was observed in the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain of the control and diabetic rats treated with (150 and 300 mg/kg of AESTL). Also, this was observed on metformin (standard drug) group with similar effect with the control group but the vehicle (untreated diabetic group) when compared with the control group and diabetic rats treated with (150 and 300 mg/kg of AESTL) in CAT and SOD showed significant (p < 0.05) increase within the stipulated days of the experiments. In addition, brain content of the glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly increased with co-administration of the AESTL doses when compared with the vehicle. Conclusion: Inhibitory effect of AChE, BChE and some other biomarkers of inflammation and antioxidative potentials by AESTL could be the major breakthrough in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84355167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.892
S. Navin, A. Srivastava, Divya Praksha, Roushan Kumari, R. Kumar
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Along with hyperglycemia this disease is also associated with several secondary health complications which are the major causes of morbidity and death in diabetic subjects. The currently available antidiabetic agents like insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas and alpha glucosidase inhibitors and are widely used to control the hyperglycemia. But prolonged use of these agents was also shown several adverse effects on diabetic subjects. Thus, it is essential to look for more effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. Traditional Indian medicinal plants having antidiabetic properties can be a useful source for the development of safer and effective oral hypoglycemic agents. According to ethnobotanical source of information till now 800 traditional plants were reported against hyperglycemia. But only few of them were clinically tested and scientifically approved. However, plant remedies are the mainstream of treatment in underdeveloped regions because of its low cost and less to no adverse effect. This review focuses on diabetes mellitus and the role of plants in the management of diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus through Indian Medicinal Plants","authors":"S. Navin, A. Srivastava, Divya Praksha, Roushan Kumari, R. Kumar","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.892","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Along with hyperglycemia this disease is also associated with several secondary health complications which are the major causes of morbidity and death in diabetic subjects. The currently available antidiabetic agents like insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas and alpha glucosidase inhibitors and are widely used to control the hyperglycemia. But prolonged use of these agents was also shown several adverse effects on diabetic subjects. Thus, it is essential to look for more effective antidiabetic agents with fewer side effects. Traditional Indian medicinal plants having antidiabetic properties can be a useful source for the development of safer and effective oral hypoglycemic agents. According to ethnobotanical source of information till now 800 traditional plants were reported against hyperglycemia. But only few of them were clinically tested and scientifically approved. However, plant remedies are the mainstream of treatment in underdeveloped regions because of its low cost and less to no adverse effect. This review focuses on diabetes mellitus and the role of plants in the management of diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86087267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.E103
Higinio T. Mappala
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently there are no therapeutic strategies for such disease. Only lifestyle modification through diet and exercise were proven to afford some benefit in patients with NAFLD. No pharmacologic agents have so far been approved for the treatment of NAFLD or NASH. Therefore, most clinical efforts have been directed at treating the components of metabolic syndrome, namely obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemias.
{"title":"Efficacy on Tocotrienols in the Treatment of non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A 10 year Systematic Review","authors":"Higinio T. Mappala","doi":"10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.E103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-6156.21.12.E103","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of chronic liver disease which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Currently there are no therapeutic strategies for such disease. Only lifestyle modification through diet and exercise were proven to afford some benefit in patients with NAFLD. No pharmacologic agents have so far been approved for the treatment of NAFLD or NASH. Therefore, most clinical efforts have been directed at treating the components of metabolic syndrome, namely obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemias.","PeriodicalId":15597,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes & metabolism","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75235088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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