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Gehyra Geckos Prioritize Warm Over Humid Environments Gehyra壁虎优先考虑温暖而不是潮湿的环境。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2890
Kade Skelton, Kimberley Day, Chava L. Weitzman, Christine Schlesinger, Craig Moritz, Keith Christian

Maintaining stable hydric and thermal states are dual challenges for reptiles that inhabit terrestrial environments with variable conditions across time and space. Under some conditions, reptiles face a conundrum where both physiological parameters cannot be simultaneously maintained at preferred levels by behavioral or physiological means. Prioritization of behavioral regulation of hydric or thermal state, and at which point this prioritization changes, was tested for nine species of congeneric tropical geckos by assessing their use of microhabitats with distinct thermal and hydric conditions in a controlled environment. Gehyra geckos were presented with two crevices of contrasting humidity levels, and time spent in either crevice was recorded across three ambient temperature treatments of 32°C, 27°C, and 22°C. Temperatures in the humid crevice matched ambient air temperature, whereas temperature in the dry crevice was maintained at 32°C. In these trials, all species showed greater use of the dry (and warm) crevice in the 27°C and 22°C treatments, while there was no strong preference for the humid or dry crevice in the 32°C treatment. Thus, Gehyra geckos prioritized thermoregulation and maintained thermal state through behavioral responses, and humid microhabitats were not selected even when it did not compromise the animal's thermal state. Although selection for preferred thermal conditions was prioritized in the short term, this does not preclude the possibility that hydric state can be regulated on a seasonal time scale.

维持稳定的水和热状态是爬行动物在不同时间和空间条件的陆地环境中的双重挑战。在某些条件下,爬行动物面临着一个难题,即两种生理参数不能同时通过行为或生理手段维持在首选水平。本文以9种热带壁虎为研究对象,在受控环境下,通过评估其对不同热、水条件微生境的使用情况,研究了壁虎对水、热状态行为调节的优先级以及优先级变化。研究人员将Gehyra壁虎放在两个湿度水平不同的缝隙中,并记录了在32°C、27°C和22°C三种环境温度处理下在任何一个缝隙中度过的时间。湿裂缝内的温度与周围空气温度一致,而干裂缝内的温度保持在32℃。在这些试验中,所有物种在27°C和22°C处理中都表现出对干(和暖)缝隙的更多利用,而在32°C处理中没有对湿或干缝隙的强烈偏好。因此,Gehyra壁虎优先进行体温调节,通过行为反应来维持热状态,即使不影响动物的热状态,也不会选择潮湿的微栖息地。虽然首选热条件的选择在短期内是优先考虑的,但这并不排除在季节性时间尺度上调节水力状态的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
The Curious Case of Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874): Reproductive Biology of a Widespread Endemic Littoral Amphipod From Lake Baikal 奇异的Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874):贝加尔湖一种广泛存在的地方性滨海片脚类动物的生殖生物学。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2891
Polina Drozdova, Zhanna Shatilina, Andrei Mutin, Alexandra Saranchina, Anton Gurkov, Maxim Timofeyev

Comparative studies of reproductive biology and formation of reproductive isolation need appropriate model systems, such as groups of related species. The amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of ancient Lake Baikal are an attractive group for such works, as they consist of several hundred species that radiated within the lake and have very different levels of intraspecific genetic diversity and reproduction timing. We have previously shown that one of the most widely distributed and best studied littoral species, Eulimnogammarus verrucosus (Gersfeldt, 1858), comprises cryptic species exhibiting a post-zygotic reproductive barrier. The object of this study was Eulimnogammarus cyaneus (Dybowsky, 1874), another widespread endemic littoral Baikal species, which has a surprisingly low genetic diversity within its large geographic range. The aim of this study was to check if the populations isolated by the Angara River source, which is approximately 120-thousand years old, are reproductively compatible. As neither prezygotic nor postzygotic barriers were found, at the moment these populations should be treated as belonging to a single species. At the same time, we found some noteworthy features of reproduction of E. cyaneus. They include successive reproductive cycles with amplexuses formed by females with juveniles in the brood pouch and deposition of unfertilized eggs by females. The former might mean that this species is a relatively promising object for a laboratory culture of Baikal amphipods. Taken together, these results contribute to the establishment of a research framework to look for the correlation between genetic divergence and biological species delimitation.

生殖生物学比较研究和生殖隔离的形成需要适当的模型系统,如相关物种群。古贝加尔湖的片脚类动物(甲壳纲:片脚目)是此类研究的一个有吸引力的群体,因为它们由几百个物种组成,这些物种在湖内辐射,其种内遗传多样性水平和繁殖时间非常不同。我们之前已经证明,分布最广、研究最深入的沿岸物种之一--Eulimnogammarus verrucosus(Gersfeldt,1858 年)--由隐性物种组成,表现出后代繁殖障碍。本研究的对象是 Eulimnogammarus cyaneus(Dybowsky,1874 年),它是另一种广泛分布的贝加尔湖沿岸特有物种,在其广阔的地理范围内,遗传多样性出奇地低。本研究的目的是检验安加拉河源头(距今约 12 万年)所隔离的种群是否具有生殖兼容性。由于没有发现婚前和婚后障碍,目前应将这些种群视为一个物种。同时,我们还发现了 E. cyaneus 的一些值得注意的繁殖特征。这些特征包括雌虫在育雏袋中与幼虫形成的连续生殖周期,以及雌虫产下未受精卵。前者可能意味着该物种是贝加尔片脚类动物实验室培养的一个相对有前途的对象。总之,这些结果有助于建立一个研究框架,以寻找遗传差异与生物物种划分之间的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal mRNA Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Lizard Brain 蜥蜴大脑生物钟基因的季节性mRNA表达。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2889
Taylor L. Grossen, Alexus Bunnam, Rachel E. Cohen

Seasonally breeding animals undergo physiological and behavioral changes to time reproduction to occur during specific seasons. These changes are regulated by changing environmental conditions, which may be communicated to the brain using the central circadian clock. This clock consists of a daily oscillation in the expression of several core genes, including period (per), cryptochrome (cry), circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (clock), and basic helix-loop-helix ARNT-like protein 1 (bmal1). We began to examine seasonal regulation of four core circadian clock genes in a dissection of the reptile brain containing the hypothalamus—per1, cry1, bmal1 and clock. Our study focused on examining mRNA expression in the morning and compared levels between breeding and nonbreeding animals. We found that per1 and bmal1 mRNA expression was highest in the nonbreeding compared to breeding season in the anole hypothalamus. We also found that cry1 mRNA expression was higher in the female compared to the male anole hypothalamus. We found support for the idea that core circadian genes play a role in regulating changes between the seasons and/or sexes, although more work is needed to elucidate what processes might be differentially regulated. To our knowledge, this is the first examination of the expression of these four genes in the reptilian brain.

季节性繁殖的动物会经历生理和行为上的变化,以便在特定的季节进行繁殖。这些变化受到环境条件变化的调节,这可能通过中央生物钟传达给大脑。这个时钟由几个核心基因表达的每日振荡组成,包括周期(per)、隐花色素(cry)、昼夜运动输出周期kaput (clock)和基本螺旋-环-螺旋arnt样蛋白1 (bmal1)。我们开始在包含下丘脑-per1, cry1, bmal1和时钟的爬行动物大脑解剖中检查四个核心生物钟基因的季节性调节。我们的研究重点是检测早晨的mRNA表达,并比较繁殖动物和非繁殖动物的mRNA表达水平。我们发现,与繁殖期相比,非繁殖期河鳗下丘脑中per1和bmal1 mRNA的表达量最高。我们还发现,cry1 mRNA在雌性下丘脑的表达高于雄性。我们发现核心昼夜节律基因在调节季节和/或性别之间的变化中发挥作用,尽管需要更多的工作来阐明哪些过程可能受到差异调节,但这一观点得到了支持。据我们所知,这是对这四种基因在爬行动物大脑中的表达的第一次检查。
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引用次数: 0
Transition to Piscivory Seen Through Brain Transcriptomics in a Juvenile Percid Fish: Complex Interplay of Differential Gene Transcription, Alternative Splicing, and ncRNA Activity 通过幼鱼脑转录组学观察向鱼科鱼类的转变:差异基因转录、选择性剪接和ncRNA活性的复杂相互作用。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2886
Radka Symonová, Tomáš Jůza, Million Tesfaye, Marek Brabec, Daniel Bartoň, Petr Blabolil, Vladislav Draštík, Luboš Kočvara, Milan Muška, Marie Prchalová, Milan Říha, Marek Šmejkal, Allan T. Souza, Zuzana Sajdlová, Michal Tušer, Mojmír Vašek, Cene Skubic, Jakub Brabec, Jan Kubečka

Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca) belongs to main predatory fish species in freshwater bodies throughout Europe playing the key role by reducing planktivorous fish abundance. Two size classes of the young-of-the-year (YOY) pikeperch are known in Europe and North America. Our long-term fish survey elucidates late-summer size distribution of YOY pikeperch in the Lipno Reservoir (Czechia) and recognizes two distinct subcohorts: smaller pelagic planktivores heavily outnumber larger demersal piscivores. To explore molecular mechanisms accompanying the switch from planktivory to piscivory, we compared brain transcriptomes of both subcohorts and identified 148 differentially transcribed genes. The pathway enrichment analyses identified the piscivorous phase to be associated with genes involved in collagen and extracellular matrix generation with numerous Gene Ontology (GO), while the planktivorous phase was associated with genes for non-muscle-myosins (NMM) with less GO terms. Transcripts further upregulated in planktivores from the periphery of the NMM network were Pmchl, Pomcl, and Pyyb, all involved also in appetite control and producing (an)orexigenic neuropeptides. Noncoding RNAs were upregulated in transcriptomes of planktivores including three transcripts of snoRNA U85. Thirty genes mostly functionally unrelated to those differentially transcribed were alternatively spliced between the subcohorts. Our results indicate planktivores as potentially driven by voracity to initiate the switch to piscivory, while piscivores undergo a dynamic brain development. We propose a spatiotemporal spreading of juvenile development over a longer period and larger spatial scales through developmental plasticity as an adaptation to exploiting all types of resources and decreasing the intraspecific competition.

刺鲈(Sander Lucioperca)是欧洲淡水水体中主要的掠食性鱼类,在减少浮游鱼类丰度方面起着关键作用。在欧洲和北美,有两种年龄最小(YOY)的棘鲈。我们的长期鱼类调查阐明了利普诺水库(捷克)YOY梭鲈的夏末尺寸分布,并识别出两个不同的亚群:较小的上层浮游动物数量远远超过较大的底栖鱼类。为了探索浮游生物向鱼类转变的分子机制,我们比较了两个亚群的脑转录组,并鉴定了148个差异转录基因。途径富集分析发现,鱼食性阶段与胶原蛋白和细胞外基质生成相关的基因具有大量的基因本体(GO),而浮游食性阶段与非肌肉肌球蛋白(NMM)相关的基因具有较少的GO项。在浮游动物中,NMM网络外围进一步上调的转录本是Pmchl、Pomcl和Pyyb,它们也参与食欲控制和产生(和)摄氧神经肽。浮游动物转录组中的非编码rna上调,其中包括三个snoRNA U85转录本。在亚群之间选择性地拼接了30个与差异转录基因在功能上大多无关的基因。我们的研究结果表明,浮游动物可能是在贪婪的驱使下开始向鱼类转变的,而鱼类则经历了一个动态的大脑发育过程。我们认为,幼体发育通过发育可塑性在更长的时间和更大的空间尺度上进行时空扩展,以适应开发各种类型的资源和减少种内竞争。
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of Insect Hormones in Different Types of Diapause in Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) 不同类型停滞期的昆虫激素调节。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2883
Aditya K. Tanwar, Mukesh K. Dhillon, Neha Trivedi, Fazil Hasan, Jagbir S. Kirti

Maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) is a key pest of maize and sorghum. It undergoes both in estivation and hibernation depending on prevailing environmental conditions. Present investigations were aimed to decipher the regulation of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) during different stages (prediapause, diapause and post-diapause/pupae) of hibernation and estivation as compared to counterpart nondiapause C. partellus. Significant variations were found in the ecdysone, 20E and JH III titers in the hemolymph of different stages of hibernation and estivation over the nondiapause C. partellus. At the prediapause stages of hibernation and estivation, the 20E was greater than the ecdysone. However, the ecdysone and 20E downregulated, while JH III upregulated during prediapause stages of hibernation and estivation as compared to nondiapause larvae. During diapause, 20E decreased in hibernation, and increased in estivation as compared to their respective prediapause stages. The JH III significantly upregulated in diapause stages of hibernation and estivation over the nondiapause larvae. However, it was significantly greater in prediapause and diapause stages of estivation as compared to hibernation strain. During post-diapause stage, the ecdysone and 20E titers were greater in estivation than in the hibernation and nondiapause strains, while JH III was greater in nondiapause than in the hibernation and estivation strains. These findings suggest the crucial role of these hormones in establishing switch between different stages of diapause and metamorphosis in C. partellus, which could further be useful to strategize sustainable management of C. partellus.

玉米螟(Chilo partellus (Swinhoe))是玉米和高粱的主要害虫。根据当时的环境条件,它既会潜伏,也会冬眠。本研究旨在与非冬眠期的部分栉水母(C. partellus)相比,解读其冬眠和休眠不同阶段(休眠前、休眠期和休眠后/蛹)的蜕皮激素、20-羟基蜕皮激素(20E)和幼虫激素 III(JH III)的调控。与非冬眠期的部分栉水母相比,不同冬眠期和休眠期的部分栉水母血淋巴中的蜕皮激素、20E和JH III滴度有显著差异。在冬眠前和冬眠期,20E的滴度高于蜕皮激素。然而,与非休眠期幼虫相比,在休眠前和休眠期,蜕皮激素和20E下调,而JH III上调。与非休眠期幼虫相比,20E在休眠期下降,而在冬眠期上升。与非休眠期幼虫相比,JH III 在休眠期和休眠期明显上调。然而,与冬眠株相比,JHⅢ在冬眠前和冬眠期的上调幅度明显更大。在绝育后阶段,绝育株的蜕皮激素和20E滴度高于冬眠株和非绝育株,而非绝育株的JH III滴度高于冬眠株和绝育株。这些研究结果表明,这些激素在部分栉水母不同休眠期和变态期的转换过程中起着关键作用,有助于制定部分栉水母的可持续管理战略。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological and Histological Studies of the Bronchial and Parabronchial System of the White Pekin Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) 白鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)支气管和副支气管系统的形态学和组织学研究。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2884
Alaa Abd El Moneam, Ashraf El Sharaby, Asmaa Aboelnour, Mohamed M. A. Abumandour, Ahmed G. Nomir

The present study aimed to provide comprehensive morphological features of the bronchial and parabronchial systems using cast, histological, histochemical, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, with new insights into the parabronchial topographic distribution system on 22 white Pekin ducks. Casting illustrated that the medioventral secondary bronchi (MVSB) were the largest, but the posterior (POSB) ones were the smallest. The primary (PB) and secondary bronchi (SB) were lined with thin pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium. PB contained discontinuous hyaline cartilage plates interconnected by a membrane of fibrous CT with chondrocytes, while SB had mucous glands. There were two types of hexagonal parabronchi with different lumen shapes: circular in neopulmonic and longitudinal in paleopulmonic. The parabronchi had numerous atria opened into the lumen and guarded by different directed muscles: horizontal in the neopulmonic and vertical or horizontal in the paleopulmonic. The atria were lined with squamous to cuboidal cells, forming the interatrial septum (IAS). A funnel atrial duct connecting the atrium to the infundibulum can be branched. The air capillaries were nearby, at a very short distance from the blood capillaries. Despite their small number, air capillaries, which were found in parabronchi, significantly increased in size and diameter. SEM at the 4th torus level showed a parabronchi distribution with elongated paleopulmonic on the dorsomedial part, hexagonal neopulmonic on the ventrolateral part, and some neopulmonic on the medial part. The parabronchial topography distribution exhibited their unique distribution from the 1st to the 6th torus level.

本研究旨在利用铸模、组织学、组织化学和扫描电子显微镜技术,提供支气管和副支气管系统的综合形态特征,并对 22 只北京鸭副支气管的地形分布系统有新的认识。铸模显示,中间腹侧的次级支气管(MVSB)最大,而后支气管(POSB)最小。初级支气管(PB)和次级支气管(SB)内衬为薄的假分层纤毛柱状上皮。初级支气管(PB)含有不连续的透明软骨板,由带有软骨细胞的纤维 CT 薄膜相互连接,而次级支气管(SB)则有粘液腺。有两种类型的六角形副管,管腔形状各不相同:新髓腔为圆形,古髓腔为纵形。副肛门有许多向腔内开放的心房,由不同方向的肌肉把守:新肛门为横向,古肛门为纵向或横向。心房由鳞状细胞到立方体细胞构成,形成心房间隔(IAS)。连接心房和心底的漏斗状心房导管可以分支。空气毛细血管就在附近,与血液毛细血管距离很近。尽管数量较少,但在副瓣中发现的空气毛细血管的大小和直径都明显增大。第 4 个簇水平的扫描电子显微镜显示了副支气管的分布情况,在背内侧部分有细长的古毛细血管,在腹外侧部分有六角形的新毛细血管,在内侧部分有一些新毛细血管。副支气管地形分布从第 1 个到第 6 个环水平呈现出独特的分布。
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引用次数: 0
Melatonin Alters Preference to Move Toward Monochromatic Lights in Female Syrian Hamsters: A Behavior Associated With Circadian Rhythm 褪黑激素改变了雌性叙利亚仓鼠向单色光移动的偏好:与昼夜节律有关的行为
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2885
Amir Farshad Shadman

Different light colors have different effects on endogenous melatonin. The preference for light colors has been studied in various animal species, except hamsters. Additionally, no research has been done on how melatonin affects color preference. In this study, I investigated whether melatonin can influence Syrian hamsters' preferences for various light colors. Eighteen female Syrian hamsters were divided into a control group and a test group orally administered 0.01 mg melatonin daily for 30 days. On Day 31, I placed each hamster in the test box at four stages: dark mid-phase; beginning, middle, and end of day. The box had four areas with red, yellow, green, and blue lamps. In each stage, the hamsters' movements were recorded for 5 min. I tested the effects of color, stage, and melatonin treatment using a mixed model analysis. The preferences of both groups changed between the stages (p < 0.001) with the except stages 1 and 4 of the control group (p = 0.012); and stages 2 and 3 of the test group for the yellow color (p = 0.104). There was a significant difference between the test and the control groups in all stages and all colors (p < 0.001) except the green light color in stage 2 (p = 0.007). The results suggest that exogenous melatonin controls the preference for monochromatic light by an unknown mechanism. Circadian endogenous melatonin levels are also effective. Scientists must consider melatonin levels in studies evaluating responses to light.

不同的光色对内源性褪黑激素有不同的影响。除仓鼠外,已在多种动物物种中研究过对光色的偏好。此外,目前还没有关于褪黑激素如何影响颜色偏好的研究。在这项研究中,我调查了褪黑激素是否会影响叙利亚仓鼠对各种光色的偏好。18 只雌性叙利亚仓鼠被分为对照组和试验组,每天口服 0.01 毫克褪黑素,连续 30 天。第 31 天,我将每只仓鼠放在测试箱中,测试箱分为四个阶段:黑暗中期;白天开始、中间和结束。箱内有四个区域,分别装有红灯、黄灯、绿灯和蓝灯。在每个阶段,仓鼠的动作都会被记录 5 分钟。我使用混合模型分析法测试了颜色、阶段和褪黑激素处理的影响。两组仓鼠在不同阶段的喜好都发生了变化(p
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引用次数: 0
Postprandial Sleep in Short-Sleeping Mexican Cavefish 短眠的墨西哥洞穴鱼的餐后睡眠
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2880
Kathryn Gallman, Aakriti Rastogi, Owen North, Morgan O'Gorman, Pierce Hutton, Evan Lloyd, Wesley C. Warren, Johanna E. Kowalko, Erik R. Duboue, Nicolas Rohner, Alex C. Keene

Interactions between sleep and feeding behaviors are critical for adaptive fitness. Diverse species suppress sleep when food is scarce to increase the time spent foraging. Postprandial sleep, an increase in sleep time following a feeding event, has been documented in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. While interactions between sleep and feeding appear to be highly conserved, the evolution of postprandial sleep in response to changes in food availability remains poorly understood. Multiple populations of the Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, have independently evolved sleep loss and increased food consumption compared to surface-dwelling fish of the same species, providing the opportunity to investigate the evolution of interactions between sleep and feeding. Here, we investigate the effects of feeding on sleep in larval and adult surface fish, and in two parallelly evolved cave populations of A. mexicanus. Larval surface and cave populations of A. mexicanus increase sleep immediately following a meal, providing the first evidence of postprandial sleep in a fish model. The amount of sleep was not correlated to meal size and occurred independently of feeding time. In contrast to larvae, postprandial sleep was not detected in adult surface or cavefish, which can survive for months without food. Together, these findings reveal that postprandial sleep is present in multiple short-sleeping populations of cavefish, suggesting sleep-feeding interactions are retained despite the evolution of sleep loss. These findings raise the possibility that postprandial sleep is critical for energy conservation and survival in larvae that are highly sensitive to food deprivation.

睡眠和觅食行为之间的相互作用对适应能力至关重要。当食物稀缺时,各种物种都会抑制睡眠,以增加觅食时间。餐后睡眠,即进食后睡眠时间的增加,在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中都有记录。虽然睡眠与进食之间的相互作用似乎是高度保守的,但人们对餐后睡眠因食物供应变化而发生的进化仍然知之甚少。墨西哥洞穴鱼(Astyanax mexicanus)的多个种群与同一物种的表层栖息鱼类相比,独立地进化出了睡眠减少和食物消耗增加的现象,这为研究睡眠与摄食之间相互作用的进化提供了机会。在这里,我们研究了在幼体和成年体表鱼类中,以及在两个平行进化的墨西哥鳕洞穴种群中,摄食对睡眠的影响。A. mexicanus幼体和洞穴种群在进食后立即增加了睡眠,首次提供了鱼类模型中餐后睡眠的证据。睡眠量与进食量无关,且与进食时间无关。与幼鱼不同的是,可以在没有食物的情况下存活数月的成年水面鱼或洞穴鱼没有检测到餐后睡眠。这些发现共同揭示了餐后睡眠存在于洞穴鱼的多个短睡眠种群中,表明尽管在进化过程中出现了睡眠缺失,但睡眠与进食之间的相互作用仍然存在。这些发现提出了一种可能性,即餐后睡眠对于对食物匮乏高度敏感的幼体的能量保存和生存至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Antioxidant and Antiapoptotic Effects of Selenium And Nano Selenium-Loaded Exosomes on Hepatic Dysfunction of Type 1 Diabetic Rats 硒和纳米硒载体外泌体对1型糖尿病大鼠肝功能异常的抗氧化和抗凋亡作用
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2881
Layla A. Alahmari, Lashin S. Ali, Hoda A. Fansa, Dalal S. Alshaya, Fawziah A. Al-Salmi, Ehab I. El-Hallous, Mamdouh Eldesoqui, Fahmy Gad Elsaid, Eman Fayad, Ahmed A. El-Mansy, Ghadi Alsharif, Dlovan Y. Khalil, Maryam Bakir Mahmood, Rozhan Yassin Khalil, Hanan M. Rashwan, Shady G. El-Sawah

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-EXs) applications have brought a key breakthrough in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its diabetic complications. However, various recent strategies aimed to construct prominent engineered EXs with greater precision and higher efficiency for diabetes syndrome were conducted. In this research, we seek to enhance the medicinal potentialities of MSCs-EXs on type 1 diabetic rats' hepatic complications, via loading with either selenium (Se) or nano selenium (NSe) particles. For consecutive 4-weeks, rats were divided into 8 groups as; control, EXs, EXs + Se, EXs + NSe, STZ-diabetic (D), D + EXs, D + EXs + Se, and D + EXs + NSe groups. The three diabetic-treated groups manifested a significant reduction in hepatic contents of oxidative stress (OS) (MDA, NO, and H2O2) inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β), and apoptotic (P53, BAX, caspase-3, and Bcl2) markers, with marked elevation in hepatic antioxidant levels (GSH, GPX, SOD, and CAT). Such results were supported by the marked diminish in serum total proteins, liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, and bilirubin), and both serum and liver lipid profile fractions. In addition, hepatic histological examination showed marked improvement in liver architecture of all treated diabetic rats' groups, compared to diabetic untreated rats. Significantly, diabetic rats with EXs loaded with NSe exhibited the most therapeutic superiority.

间充质干细胞衍生外泌体(MSCs-EXs)的应用为治疗1型糖尿病(T1DM)及其糖尿病并发症带来了关键性突破。然而,最近开展的各种策略旨在构建更精确、更高效的突出工程外泌体,以治疗糖尿病综合征。在这项研究中,我们试图通过添加硒(Se)或纳米硒(NSe)颗粒来提高间充质干细胞-EXs对1型糖尿病大鼠肝脏并发症的治疗潜力。连续 4 周,大鼠被分为 8 组:对照组、EXs 组、EXs + Se 组、EXs + NSe 组、STZ-糖尿病组(D)、D + EXs 组、D + EXs + Se 组和 D + EXs + NSe 组。三个糖尿病组的肝脏氧化应激(OS)(MDA、NO 和 H2O2)、炎症(IL-6、TNF-α 和 TGF-β)和凋亡(P53、BAX、caspase-3 和 Bcl2)标志物含量显著降低,肝脏抗氧化剂(GSH、GPX、SOD 和 CAT)水平明显升高。血清总蛋白、肝功能酶(谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和胆红素)以及血清和肝脏脂质含量的明显下降也证实了上述结果。此外,肝组织学检查显示,与未接受治疗的糖尿病大鼠相比,所有接受治疗的糖尿病大鼠组的肝脏结构都有明显改善。值得注意的是,使用含有 NSe 的 EXs 的糖尿病大鼠表现出最大的治疗优势。
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引用次数: 0
Older Amphibian Larvae Are More Sensitive to Ultraviolet Radiation and Experience More Sublethal Carryover Effects Post-Metamorphosis 年长的两栖动物幼体对紫外线辐射更敏感,变态后会经历更多的亚致死携带效应。
IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2882
Niclas U. Lundsgaard, Craig E. Franklin, Rebecca L. Cramp

Elevated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is postulated as one of multiple, interrelated environmental stressors driving amphibian population declines globally. However, key knowledge gaps remain in elucidating the link between elevated UVR and amphibian declines in a changing climate, including whether timing and irradiance of UVR exposure in early life dictates the onset of detrimental carryover effects post-metamorphosis. In this study, striped marsh frog larvae (Limnodynastes peronii) were exposed to UVR at one of two different irradiances for up to 7 days, either as hatchlings (Gosner stage 23) or as older larvae (Gosner stage 25−28). These animals were then reared to metamorphosis in the absence of UVR to examine independent and interactive carryover effects throughout development. Older larvae were more sensitive to UVR than hatchlings, with 53.1% and 15.6% mortality in larvae exposed to high and low irradiance respectively, compared with no mortality of hatchlings in either irradiance treatment. Irradiance and timing of UVR exposure had interactive effects on larval body length, causing stunted growth patterns and a lack of compensatory growth following UVR exposure, particularly in animals exposed to high irradiance UVR later in development. Timing of UVR exposure also determined the severity of carryover effects into metamorphosis, including delayed metamorphosis and the first published account (to our knowledge) of latent UVR-induced depigmentation in an amphibian. These findings highlight how acute changes to the larval UVR exposure regime can impact on amphibian health later in life, with implications for our understanding of the effects of climate change on UVR-related amphibian declines.

紫外线辐射(UVR)升高被认为是导致全球两栖动物数量下降的多种相互关联的环境压力因素之一。然而,在阐明气候变化中紫外线辐射升高与两栖动物数量下降之间的联系方面,仍然存在着关键的知识空白,包括生命早期暴露于紫外线辐射的时间和辐照度是否决定了变态后有害影响的开始。在这项研究中,条纹沼泽蛙幼体(Limnodynastes peronii)在孵化期(Gosner阶段23)或老龄幼体(Gosner阶段25-28)时暴露于两种不同辐照度之一的紫外线辐射下长达7天。然后在没有紫外线辐射的情况下将这些动物饲养到变态期,以研究整个发育过程中的独立和交互影响。与幼体相比,大龄幼体对紫外线辐射更敏感,暴露在高辐照度和低辐照度下的幼体死亡率分别为53.1%和15.6%,而在任一辐照度处理下,幼体均无死亡。辐照度和紫外辐射照射的时间对幼体的体长有交互影响,导致幼体在紫外辐射照射后生长迟缓,缺乏补偿性生长,尤其是在发育后期暴露于高辐照度紫外辐射的动物。紫外线辐射暴露的时间还决定了紫外线辐射对两栖动物变态反应的严重程度,包括变态延迟和首次发表的(据我们所知)紫外线辐射诱导的两栖动物潜在色素沉着。这些发现突显了幼年紫外线照射机制的急剧变化如何影响两栖动物日后的健康,对我们了解气候变化对紫外线相关两栖动物减少的影响具有重要意义。
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Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology
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