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Designer Milk - Milk for Human Health Benefit 设计师牛奶-对人体健康有益的牛奶
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.21.12.862
M. Lata, Ripusudan Kumar, B. Mondal
Milk is an integral part of human and animal newborn nutrition and has drawn the attention of food technologists, physicians, and biochemists. Milk is regarded as a wholesome food and food filled with different beneficial nutrients. Via dietary alterations of milch animals, the milk composition can be changed in order to enhance human wellbeing. Milk with changed constituents has many human health applications.
牛奶是人类和动物新生儿营养的一个组成部分,已经引起了食品技术专家、医生和生物化学家的注意。牛奶被认为是一种健康食品,富含各种有益营养。通过改变哺乳动物的饮食,可以改变牛奶成分,以提高人类的健康。改变成分的牛奶对人体健康有许多益处。
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引用次数: 0
Review on Methods and Applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 高效液相色谱方法及应用综述
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.21.12.858
S. Baloch, Yaojun Yang
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography is a technique used to separate components from the mixture. The technology consists of two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase. Component separation is based on differences in partition coefficients in two phases. HPLC is a form of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds dissolved in solution and qualitative and quantitative techniques used to evaluate pharmaceutical and biological samples. HPLC is the most widely used analytical separation technique for at quality control of pharmaceuticals. This mini-reviews include many aspects of HPLC, including type, instruments, and applications.
高效液相色谱是一种用于从混合物中分离成分的技术。该技术包括两个阶段,固定阶段和流动阶段。组分分离是基于两相中分配系数的差异。高效液相色谱法是一种用于分离溶解在溶液中的化合物的液相色谱法,也是一种用于评价药物和生物样品的定性和定量技术。高效液相色谱法是目前应用最广泛的用于药品质量控制的分析分离技术。这个小型综述包括HPLC的许多方面,包括类型,仪器和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Tahini : the magical condiment. An in-depth look at its nutritional and health benefits 芝麻酱:神奇的调味品。深入了解其营养和健康益处
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.21.12.859
L. Labban, Louay Laban
Tahini is an oily paste made from mechanically hulled and ground sesame seeds. Tahini is considered a condiment in many regions of the world primarily in the Middle Eastern countries from the Levant region including Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan. Sesame seeds contain about 25%-35% of protein as well as at least 55% of oil predominantly unsaturated fat from Oleic acid (35.9%-47%), Linoleic acid (35.6%-47.6%), Palmitic acid (8.7%-13.8%), Stearic acid (2.1%-6.4%), as well as Arachidic acid (0.1%-0.7%). Tahini is widely known as one of the natural health promoting foods that has the potential to prevent various health problems such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and aging. Additionally, it may be useful in managing oxidative stress-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, sesame oil has multiple physiological functions such as decreasing blood lipids, increasing antioxidative ability and γ-tocopherol bioavailability, and providing anti-inflammatory function and potential estrogenic activity. Many health promoting effects are attributed to its lignans. Lignans consists of sesamin and sesamolin. In sesame oils, the ranges of sesamin and sesamolin were 0.93 mg/g- 2.89 mg/g oil and 0.30 mg/g-0.74 mg/g oil, respectively, and tocopherol contents were 304 μg/g-647 μg/g oil. Lignans may increase antioxidant potential of diets and it is providing stability. Hence, this article will highlight and discusses the potential nutritional and health promoting effects of Tahini.
芝麻酱是一种油性糊状物,由机械去壳和磨碎的芝麻制成。芝麻酱在世界上许多地区被认为是一种调味品,主要是来自黎凡特地区的中东国家,包括叙利亚、黎巴嫩、巴勒斯坦和约旦。芝麻含有约25%-35%的蛋白质和至少55%的油,主要是油酸(35.9%-47%)、亚油酸(35.6%-47.6%)、棕榈酸(8.7%-13.8%)、硬脂酸(2.1%-6.4%)和花生酸(0.1%-0.7%)中的不饱和脂肪。芝麻酱被广泛认为是一种天然的促进健康的食物,它有可能预防各种健康问题,如高血压、高胆固醇血症、癌症和衰老。此外,它可能有助于控制氧化应激相关疾病,如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、肥胖、慢性肾衰竭、类风湿关节炎和包括阿尔茨海默病在内的神经退行性疾病。此外,芝麻油还具有降低血脂、提高抗氧化能力和γ-生育酚生物利用度、抗炎功能和潜在的雌激素活性等多种生理功能。许多促进健康的作用都归功于它的木脂素。木脂素由芝麻素和芝麻素组成。芝麻油中芝麻素和芝麻素含量分别为0.93 mg/g ~ 2.89 mg/g油和0.30 mg/g ~ 0.74 mg/g油,生育酚含量为304 μg/g ~ 647 μg/g油。木脂素可以增加饮食的抗氧化潜力,并提供稳定性。因此,本文将重点讨论芝麻酱潜在的营养和健康促进作用。
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引用次数: 0
Nanotechnology in Food Packaging 纳米技术在食品包装中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.21.12.866
C. Gayathri
In recent years, food packaging continues to grow along with the modern technology. Modern lifestyle led people too busy to cook a proper meal at home. Due to time constraint and hectic schedules people prefer readymade foods and packed ingredients to consume. This creates increased demand on innovations in food packaging. Introduction of nanotechnology has brought new techniques and methodologies in packaging. Food packaging with nano materials acts as a barrier to microorganisms and ensures quality and safety. This paper explains the impact of nanotechnology and role of nano materials in food packaging.
近年来,食品包装随着现代技术的发展而不断发展。现代生活方式让人们忙得没时间在家做一顿像样的饭。由于时间限制和繁忙的日程安排,人们更喜欢现成的食品和包装材料消费。这增加了对食品包装创新的需求。纳米技术的引入为包装带来了新的技术和方法。采用纳米材料包装的食品具有微生物屏障的作用,保证了食品的质量和安全。本文阐述了纳米技术的影响和纳米材料在食品包装中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation Of Ncam Dry Beans Dehulling Machine Ncam干豆脱皮机的性能评价
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.21.12.865
A. OgunjirinO., Oladipo N.O, Abiodun L.O, Olaifa O.A
Beans are from the families of legumes which are rich in protein. It has possibility of alleviating poverty and undernutrition amongst the lower-class families, because every part of cowpea is useful. The traditional method of dehulling beans (soaking in water to ease hull removal) are time consuming, hazardous and associated with lots of drudgery. This report presents the performance evaluation of NCAM developed dried beans dehulling machine. Thirty-six (36) kilogram of beans with 9.2% moisture content was used for the evaluation in which the feed regulator opening was varied. From the result obtained, it showed that the wider the feed opening, the higher the dehulling rate and the dehulling efficiency. The average capacity of the machine is 771 kg/hr.
豆类是富含蛋白质的豆科植物。它有可能减轻下层家庭的贫困和营养不良,因为豇豆的每一部分都是有用的。传统的脱壳方法(浸泡在水中以减轻脱壳的难度)耗时、危险且苦差事多。本文介绍了NCAM研制的干豆脱皮机的性能评价。36公斤的豆类,9.2%的水分含量被用于评估,其中饲料调节器开度是不同的。结果表明,进料口越宽,脱壳率越高,脱壳效率越高。该机的平均处理量为771公斤/小时。
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引用次数: 1
Inner Food Temperature Estimation by IHCP Methodology on Surface Temperature Measurements obtained by Thermography 用热像仪测得表面温度的IHCP方法估算食品内部温度
Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.15379/2408-9826.2020.06.01.01
Avila Eduardo Macias, Díaz Yaneth Aguilar
A methodology based on techniques used in the resolution of inverse heat transfer problems is developed to estimate the internal temperature in food from surface temperature measurements by means of thermography. The technique is based on the adjustment of the parameters involved in the resolution of the heat transfer equation. This adjustment is obtained by minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the measured temperatures and the temperatures calculated in the model. Once the heat transfer coefficient parameter is obtained, the methodology to obtain the internal temperature from the cooling curve is developed. In this work foods with cylindrical geometry (chorizo and sausages) are treated. The equations for the type of geometry are raised.
本文提出了一种基于反传热问题解决技术的方法,利用热成像技术从表面温度测量中估计食品的内部温度。该技术是基于参数的调整,涉及到传热方程的分辨率。这种调整是通过最小化测量温度与模型中计算温度之差的平方和来获得的。一旦得到了传热系数参数,就发展了从冷却曲线求内部温度的方法。在这项工作中,具有圆柱形几何形状的食物(西班牙香肠和香肠)被处理。提出了这种几何类型的方程。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Evaluation of White Button Mushroom Based Snacks 白纽扣菇类零食的开发与评价
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.20.11.824
Pallavi Rachappa, Devaki Ch, rashekar Sudharma, O. P. Chauhan, P. E. Patki, R. Nagaraj, S. Naik
Snacks are different from meals in terms of size, nutritional content, hunger, and thirst sensation before and after the event. Considering the nutritive value, available snacks in the market are rich in carbohydrates and fats; being less in dietary fibre and functional components such as antioxidants, polyphenolic components which leads to extreme health risks in children and adolescents. Protein, one of the important components required during the growing years is lacking in snack foods, therefore in the present study an attempt was made to develop protein and fibre rich snacks using mushroom as the major component. Two mushroom snack products such as mushroom tikki and stuffed mushroom were developed using white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), spice mixture, and other ingredients. For the processing of the snack products, technologies such as blanching and in-pack pasteurization were used. The developed products were subjected to proximate analysis; mineral and vitamin profile; functional components; chemical components; organoleptic evaluation and microbial analysis for safety. Mushroom tikki had moisture 40.24%, carbohydrate 17.5%, protein 10.7%, fat 20.12%, fibre 7.91% and ash 3.54%. Stuffed mushroom had moisture 66.11%, carbohydrate 14.5%, protein 4.05%, fat 6.82%, fibre 6.65%, and ash 1.87%. Both the products were good in all the sensory properties and were found microbially safe. The developed snack products, as were rich in protein, dietary fibre, antioxidants and phenolic components helps in the consumption of balanced nutrients in children and adolescents.
零食在大小、营养成分、饥饿感和干渴感等方面与正餐不同。从营养价值来看,市面上的零食含有丰富的碳水化合物和脂肪;缺乏膳食纤维和抗氧化剂等功能性成分,多酚类成分会对儿童和青少年造成极大的健康风险。蛋白质是生长期所需的重要成分之一,在休闲食品中缺乏蛋白质,因此本研究试图开发以蘑菇为主要成分的富含蛋白质和纤维的零食。以双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)为原料,混合香料和其他原料,开发了蘑菇tikki和填充蘑菇两种蘑菇小吃产品。在零食加工过程中,采用了焯水和袋装巴氏杀菌等工艺。对开发的产品进行近似分析;矿物质和维生素概况;功能组件;化学成分;感官评价和微生物安全性分析。水分40.24%,碳水化合物17.5%,蛋白质10.7%,脂肪20.12%,纤维7.91%,灰分3.54%。香菇水分66.11%,碳水化合物14.5%,蛋白质4.05%,脂肪6.82%,纤维6.65%,灰分1.87%。这两种产品在所有感官特性上都很好,并且在微生物方面是安全的。开发的零食产品富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、抗氧化剂和酚类成分,有助于儿童和青少年均衡摄入营养。
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引用次数: 3
Food Irradiation: A way of Food Preservation an Image Article 食品辐照:一种食品保鲜方法
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.20.11.850
G. Thomson
Copyright: © 2020 Thomson G. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Figure 1: The figure shows two sets of strawberries: one treated with irradiations (left) and the non-treated one (right). Food preservation usually involves the hindering of microbial growth and slowing the rates of fat oxidation that cause rancidity. Food preservation also includes the preventing of visual deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning of apples after they are cut during food preparation [1]. Food irradiation is a food preservation technique of exposing food to a carefully controlled amount of energy in the form of high-speed particles or rays [2]. Irradiation causes permanent damage to the DNA of pathogenic organisms thus resulting in their loss of capability to multiply and proliferate. Food irradiation is generally regarded as a cold process of preservation because it kills harmful bacteria without the use of heat and does not cause any significant rise in temperature of the food being irradiated [3]. Numerous countries have affirmed the use of irradiation as a process for preservation and increasing shelf life of a variety of foods items [3].
版权所有:©2020 Thomson G.这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可条款发布的开放获取文章,允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制,前提是注明原作者和来源。图1:这幅图展示了两组草莓:一组经过辐射处理(左),另一组没有经过辐射处理(右)。食物保存通常包括阻止微生物生长和减缓导致酸败的脂肪氧化速率。食品保存还包括防止视觉恶化,例如在食品制备过程中,苹果被切开后的酶促褐变。食品辐照是一种食品保鲜技术,它以高速粒子或射线b[2]的形式,将食物暴露在精心控制的能量中。辐照对致病生物的DNA造成永久性损伤,从而使其丧失繁殖和增殖的能力。食品辐照通常被认为是一种冷保存过程,因为它可以在不使用热量的情况下杀死有害细菌,并且不会使受辐照食品的温度显著升高。许多国家已经确认使用辐照作为一种方法来保存和延长各种食品的保质期。
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引用次数: 0
Foodborne Pathogens Dilemma in the Mediterranean Diet: Case of Lebanon 地中海饮食中的食源性病原体困境:黎巴嫩的案例
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.20.11.832
Caline Harb, E. Mouannes, M. B. Zeidan, A. A. Nour, L. Hanna‐Wakim
Mediterranean food has been known for its positive health impact however, a huge concern regarding its safety still remains. We reviewed the literature on food safety and foodborne illnesses particularly those caused by bacteria over the past 20 years in Lebanon. Food safety practice has major gaps in Lebanon where several food types of dairy products, meat, poultry, vegetables, and water have been reported to be contaminated by Brucella species, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia species. Furthermore, the majority of these reported bacterial foodborne infections have shown resistance to several antibiotics. Food safety practice needs substantial efforts from public and private sector to protect consumers and help maintain a decent socio-economic status. This can only be implemented by new laws regulating the food chain, from farm to fork. Consumers as well need to become more aware about good food hygiene practices.
地中海食物以其对健康的积极影响而闻名,然而,对其安全性的巨大担忧仍然存在。我们回顾了关于食品安全和食源性疾病的文献,特别是过去20年来在黎巴嫩由细菌引起的。黎巴嫩的食品安全实践存在重大差距,据报告,几种食品类型的乳制品、肉类、家禽、蔬菜和水受到布鲁氏菌、空肠弯曲杆菌、大肠杆菌、单核细胞增多李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和耶尔森菌的污染。此外,这些报告的细菌性食源性感染中的大多数已显示出对几种抗生素的耐药性。食品安全实践需要公共和私营部门作出重大努力,以保护消费者并帮助维持体面的社会经济地位。这只能通过监管从农场到餐桌的食物链的新法律来实现。消费者也需要更加了解良好的食品卫生习惯。
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引用次数: 4
The effect of citric acid on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of processed burger meat 柠檬酸对汉堡肉制品理化及微生物参数的影响
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2157-7110.20.11.822
E. Awad, D. Mnayer, Karine Joubrane
Meat can undergo many changes and harbor a large number of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms during primary and further processing. The objective of this research was to study the effect of citric acid on the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of burger meat. This study was conducted in ten different processed meat factories in Lebanon during August 2018. The different samples of meat were marinated using Citric Acid (CA), with two concentrations of 1.5% (CA1.5) and 3% (CA3), untreated meat is used as a control (CA0). The burger minced meat samples were collected at four specific processing stages: grinding, spice addition, fine grinding, and molding, and then spray washed separately with citric acid. The samples were analyzed for their physicochemical properties such as pH, humidity, weight loss, meat protein. Microbiological analysis was also conducted on the meat samples (Total viable count, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Sulfite Reducing bacteria and Salmonella). Results showed that 3% of citric acid concentration resulted in the greatest reduction in cooking loss and pH, with a greater increase in the moisture content of the burger meat and had no effect on the meat protein content. Moreover, the citric acid concentration at 3% resulted in the highest reduction of bacteria population on meat burgers. It was concluded that citric acid is highly effective in decontaminating meat burgers and in preserving its physicochemical properties and can be useful during the stages of processing especially at the spice addition stage.
肉类在初级加工和进一步加工过程中会发生许多变化,并含有大量致病和腐败微生物。本研究的目的是研究柠檬酸对汉堡肉理化和微生物参数的影响。这项研究于2018年8月在黎巴嫩的10家不同的加工肉类工厂进行。采用1.5% (CA1.5)和3% (CA3)两种浓度的柠檬酸(CA)浸泡不同样品的肉,以未处理的肉作为对照(CA0)。汉堡肉末样品在研磨、加香料、细磨、成型四个特定加工阶段采集,然后分别用柠檬酸喷洗。研究人员分析了这些样品的理化性质,如pH值、湿度、失重率、肉蛋白等。对肉类样品进行微生物学分析(总活菌数、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、亚硫酸盐还原菌和沙门氏菌)。结果表明,3%的柠檬酸浓度对汉堡肉的蒸煮损失和pH值的降低最大,对汉堡肉的水分含量有较大的提高,对肉类蛋白质含量没有影响。此外,3%的柠檬酸浓度导致肉汉堡上细菌数量的减少幅度最大。结果表明,柠檬酸对肉饼的去污和保持肉饼的理化性质非常有效,在肉饼的加工过程中,特别是在添加香料的过程中,柠檬酸是非常有用的。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Food Processing and Technology
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