Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.11648/j.ajn.20220804.11
Mohammad Imran Aziz, Nafis Ahmad
{"title":"A Theoretical Framework of Mechanical Properties of the Monolayer Graphene","authors":"Mohammad Imran Aziz, Nafis Ahmad","doi":"10.11648/j.ajn.20220804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20220804.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131410309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-06DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.12
M. Khayyat
Combining both approaches of fabricating photovoltaic cells and designing solar modules using polycarbonate in the form of nanospheres and panels is an innovate approach in solar cells technology. Polycarbonate nanospheres was employed to control the position of the growth of silicon nanowires using the technique of Nanoscale Chemical Templating. The grown silicon nanowires were catalyzed via Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) technique at the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or UHVCVD reactor. The bottom-up grown nanowires were doped with aluminium (Al) throughout the growth process then the p-i-n junctions were formed material. The conventional silicon cells or the innovative ones can be incapsulated in a polycarbonate flexible-surfaces. The polycarbonate material will allow us to further increase the performance of the devices and decrease the overall costs. The study presents concepts along with their experimental proofs presented as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, and optical characterizations. The proposed method is also flexible, as it is amenable to both standard lithography techniques and self-assembled patterning techniques.
{"title":"Flexible Solar Modules Using Polycarbonate for Templating and Encapsulation","authors":"M. Khayyat","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.12","url":null,"abstract":"Combining both approaches of fabricating photovoltaic cells and designing solar modules using polycarbonate in the form of nanospheres and panels is an innovate approach in solar cells technology. Polycarbonate nanospheres was employed to control the position of the growth of silicon nanowires using the technique of Nanoscale Chemical Templating. The grown silicon nanowires were catalyzed via Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) technique at the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) or UHVCVD reactor. The bottom-up grown nanowires were doped with aluminium (Al) throughout the growth process then the p-i-n junctions were formed material. The conventional silicon cells or the innovative ones can be incapsulated in a polycarbonate flexible-surfaces. The polycarbonate material will allow us to further increase the performance of the devices and decrease the overall costs. The study presents concepts along with their experimental proofs presented as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, and optical characterizations. The proposed method is also flexible, as it is amenable to both standard lithography techniques and self-assembled patterning techniques.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.11
S. Pal, Y. Sharma, J. Singh
Zinc oxide with neodymium ions nanomaterials were synthesized by using the chemical synthesis method. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM and spectral analysis. From XRD, TEM and SEM images, the estimated average particle size are 20, 100 and 200nm respectively. Nearly hexagonal shapes for the dark spots in the TEM images indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles are almost hexagonal. SEM demonstrates clearly the formation of cluster type of ZnO nanoparticles and change of the morphology of the nanoparticles with the Nd3+ different ions concentration. UV- Visible absorption spectrum of the ZnO:Nd3+ nanomaterial was analyzed on the basis of Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. Nine absorption and four fluorescence bands have been observed at room temperature. Energy interaction and intensity parameters have been computed Fluorescence band have been assigned to transitions 4F3/2 → 4I9/2, 4F3/2 →4I11/2, 4F3/2 →4I13/2, and 4F3/2 →4I15/2. The radiative properties were computed using the J-O intensity parameters and fluorescence data. The value of emission cross-section is an important parameter and signifies the rate of energy extraction from the optical material.
{"title":"Spectral, Structural and Characterization of NeodymiumIons Doped Zinc Oxide Nanomaterial","authors":"S. Pal, Y. Sharma, J. Singh","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20210703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc oxide with neodymium ions nanomaterials were synthesized by using the chemical synthesis method. The materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM and spectral analysis. From XRD, TEM and SEM images, the estimated average particle size are 20, 100 and 200nm respectively. Nearly hexagonal shapes for the dark spots in the TEM images indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles are almost hexagonal. SEM demonstrates clearly the formation of cluster type of ZnO nanoparticles and change of the morphology of the nanoparticles with the Nd3+ different ions concentration. UV- Visible absorption spectrum of the ZnO:Nd3+ nanomaterial was analyzed on the basis of Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. Nine absorption and four fluorescence bands have been observed at room temperature. Energy interaction and intensity parameters have been computed Fluorescence band have been assigned to transitions 4F3/2 → 4I9/2, 4F3/2 →4I11/2, 4F3/2 →4I13/2, and 4F3/2 →4I15/2. The radiative properties were computed using the J-O intensity parameters and fluorescence data. The value of emission cross-section is an important parameter and signifies the rate of energy extraction from the optical material.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115619680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20210702.11
V. León
We show numerically how lanthanide-doped upconverter nanocrystals inserted at optimal positions in adjustable and smooth 2D plasmonic arrays may change and potentially control the whole UV-visible-NIR reflectance spectra displayed by these structures. The analysis and interplay between a custom-built simple 5-levels 2-electrons quantum model and the bare structure have been studied in depth and revealed very fundamental and interesting physics. Essentially, the largely and selectively enhanced white-light excitation field and optimized local density of states at the location of the emitters favor some energy transfer paths and a redistribution of light energy in a broad spectral range. Interestingly, the extent to which the spectra can be modulated owing to the emission properties of such very robust multilevel emitters may find interesting applications and notably allow increased efficiency of emission in Light Emitting Devices or solar light redistribution and collection in Solar cells, where conversions from one color to any other one play a major role.
{"title":"Upconverter Nanoparticles as Plasmon-induced Broadband Light Converters","authors":"V. León","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20210702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20210702.11","url":null,"abstract":"We show numerically how lanthanide-doped upconverter nanocrystals inserted at optimal positions in adjustable and smooth 2D plasmonic arrays may change and potentially control the whole UV-visible-NIR reflectance spectra displayed by these structures. The analysis and interplay between a custom-built simple 5-levels 2-electrons quantum model and the bare structure have been studied in depth and revealed very fundamental and interesting physics. Essentially, the largely and selectively enhanced white-light excitation field and optimized local density of states at the location of the emitters favor some energy transfer paths and a redistribution of light energy in a broad spectral range. Interestingly, the extent to which the spectra can be modulated owing to the emission properties of such very robust multilevel emitters may find interesting applications and notably allow increased efficiency of emission in Light Emitting Devices or solar light redistribution and collection in Solar cells, where conversions from one color to any other one play a major role.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-23DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.14
Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, L. Caputi, Andrea Scarcello, F. Alessandro
Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.
{"title":"Obtained Carbon Nano-onions from Underwater Arc Discharge Without the Complex Purification Procedures","authors":"Salih Mohamed Osman, Asma Mohamed Elhussein, Fatma Osman Mahmoud, Mohammed Bilal Sabahelkher, L. Caputi, Andrea Scarcello, F. Alessandro","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.14","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nano-onions (CNOs), which consist of concentric graphitic shells, currently attract much attention because of their unique structural and physical properties, which are different from the properties of the other carbon nanomaterials such as fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their small size, the large external surface area and high conductivity, CNOs are used for supercapacitor applications. The arc discharge underwater is an effective and simple method for the synthesis of larger CNOs in reasonable quantities. In this research, we have been obtained carbon nanomaterials using arc discharge in water between two high purity graphite electrodes. The main experimental techniques used to characterize carbon nanostructures have been Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy. Among them, Raman spectroscopy is the most useful non-destructive technique capable of differentiating between these various structures. Our TEM images showed that the samples collected from the material floating on the water surface consist CNOs with other carbon nanomaterials such as CNTs. We observed for the first time the formation of solid agglomerate on the cathode surface. Raman and TEM results revealed that the agglomerate is made exclusively of CNOs. The defragmentation of such agglomerate allows to obtain CNOs free of other carbon nanomaterials without the complex purification procedures needed for floating nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114238260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.13
M. Khayyat, E. Bourhis, Rami T. Elafandy, T. Ng, B. Ooi
One of the main challenges of the production of a blue laser is the preparation of defect-free GaN layers. It is of high tehnological interest to characterize GaN nanomembrane mechanically for further advanced applications. The current study addresses the impact of applied stresses on GaN nanomembranes, which are placed on sapphire the substrates, using nanoindentation as a nondestructive test. The mechanical response of the 20, and 100 nm thin GaN nanomembrane were studied at different normal applied loads ranging from 1 mN down to 0.1 mN using the Berkovich nanoindentation technique. There were plastic deformation regions at the nanoindented GaN nanomembranes monitored by the load-displacement (p-h) curves. The depth of the deformed regions increased with increasing the applied loads on the diamond indenter. Beside the in-situ depth estimation of the residual nanoindentation using the instrumented nanoindentation machine, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been deployed as an ex-situ measurements of indentations depth. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provided us with surface images of the indented membranes. Indentation of the 100 nm thick GaN nanomembrane, where the effect of the substrate is reduced, showed discontinuity in the p-h curves. These discontinuity or pop-in events were attributed to a possible sudden initiation and propagation of threading dislocations in the GaN nanomembrane which was free of threading dislocation upon fabrication. It was suggested to employ μ-Raman spectroscopy methods to investigate the possible structural phase transformation of thicker GaN nanomembranes and to measure the compressive or tensile stresses within the center of the indented zones. Where the observed sudden load-displacements discontinuity or depth excursions during indentation of GaN nanomembranes can be attributed.
{"title":"Nanoindentation Induced Elastic-plastic Deformation of GaN Nanomembrane on a Sapphire Substrate","authors":"M. Khayyat, E. Bourhis, Rami T. Elafandy, T. Ng, B. Ooi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20210701.13","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges of the production of a blue laser is the preparation of defect-free GaN layers. It is of high tehnological interest to characterize GaN nanomembrane mechanically for further advanced applications. The current study addresses the impact of applied stresses on GaN nanomembranes, which are placed on sapphire the substrates, using nanoindentation as a nondestructive test. The mechanical response of the 20, and 100 nm thin GaN nanomembrane were studied at different normal applied loads ranging from 1 mN down to 0.1 mN using the Berkovich nanoindentation technique. There were plastic deformation regions at the nanoindented GaN nanomembranes monitored by the load-displacement (p-h) curves. The depth of the deformed regions increased with increasing the applied loads on the diamond indenter. Beside the in-situ depth estimation of the residual nanoindentation using the instrumented nanoindentation machine, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been deployed as an ex-situ measurements of indentations depth. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provided us with surface images of the indented membranes. Indentation of the 100 nm thick GaN nanomembrane, where the effect of the substrate is reduced, showed discontinuity in the p-h curves. These discontinuity or pop-in events were attributed to a possible sudden initiation and propagation of threading dislocations in the GaN nanomembrane which was free of threading dislocation upon fabrication. It was suggested to employ μ-Raman spectroscopy methods to investigate the possible structural phase transformation of thicker GaN nanomembranes and to measure the compressive or tensile stresses within the center of the indented zones. Where the observed sudden load-displacements discontinuity or depth excursions during indentation of GaN nanomembranes can be attributed.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.11648/j.ajn.20200601.11
A. I. Onyia, M. N. Nnabuchi, A. Chima
Chemical Bath Deposition Technique has been used to fabricate thin films of copper antimony sulphide in two different growth media: water and polyvinyl alcohol and the effects of these media on the electrical and optical properties of the CuSbS2 thin films studied. The technique required a liquid precursor; usually a solution of organic metallic powder dissolved in an organic solvent and kept in a reaction bath where reaction takes place. The precursor reaction chemicals used were copper chloride, antimony chloride and sodium thiosulphate and precipitations were on pre-cleaned borosilicate glass substrate at room temperature and pH of 9.1. Both deposits were subsequently similarly annealed for an hour each at a temperature of 250°C before testing the optical characteristics of both films using a UV-VIS-NIR 200 – 1100 nm range spectrophotometer and electrical characteristics, using a Quadpro four point probe. A proton induced Rutherford backscattering done on films detected thicknesses of films to be 545 nm and 514 nm for water and PVA bath deposits respectively. The thin film resistivities recorded were also 770 Ωm and 699 Ωm respectively. Absorbance, refractive indices, and other major optical parameters of the thin films varied differently with growth media in the infra red but remained fairly same in the visible and other higher frequency ranges.
{"title":"Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Copper Antimony Sulphide Thin Films Fabricated in Chemical Baths of Different Growth Media","authors":"A. I. Onyia, M. N. Nnabuchi, A. Chima","doi":"10.11648/j.ajn.20200601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajn.20200601.11","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical Bath Deposition Technique has been used to fabricate thin films of copper antimony sulphide in two different growth media: water and polyvinyl alcohol and the effects of these media on the electrical and optical properties of the CuSbS2 thin films studied. The technique required a liquid precursor; usually a solution of organic metallic powder dissolved in an organic solvent and kept in a reaction bath where reaction takes place. The precursor reaction chemicals used were copper chloride, antimony chloride and sodium thiosulphate and precipitations were on pre-cleaned borosilicate glass substrate at room temperature and pH of 9.1. Both deposits were subsequently similarly annealed for an hour each at a temperature of 250°C before testing the optical characteristics of both films using a UV-VIS-NIR 200 – 1100 nm range spectrophotometer and electrical characteristics, using a Quadpro four point probe. A proton induced Rutherford backscattering done on films detected thicknesses of films to be 545 nm and 514 nm for water and PVA bath deposits respectively. The thin film resistivities recorded were also 770 Ωm and 699 Ωm respectively. Absorbance, refractive indices, and other major optical parameters of the thin films varied differently with growth media in the infra red but remained fairly same in the visible and other higher frequency ranges.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141202246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microemulsion is a widely used technique for preparing nanoparticles. The droplet size in stable microemulsions is a key parameter for limiting the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles. In this paper, the stable microemulsions were synthesized by two titration methods, the water titration method and the co-surfactant titration. Six reagents with different HLB were used as surfactants, including Span-80, E-1302, EL-10, MOA-9, Triton X-114 and OP-10. Quasi ternary phase diagrams of O/W and W/O microemusions with different surfactants were established according to the composition of surfactant, co-surfactant, oil and water. The size of the microemulsions droplets was characterized by using Zetasizer Nano S90. Within the stable micromulsions region, the droplet size was systemically controlled from 1 nm to 120 nm by changing different surfactants and controlling the quality ratio of components. A complex dependence of the droplet size on the water to surfactant ratio and the co-surfactant to surfactant ratio was established. In the stable microemulsions region, the droplets size increases dramatically with increased the water to surfactant ratio and the larger droplet size is obtained with increasing the co-surfactant amount.
{"title":"Preparation of Stable Microemulsions with Different Droplet Size","authors":"Huang Shiyu, Chen Jiaxuan, Zhu Yeting, Wei Yelu, Di Tongtong, Shen Hangyan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.18","url":null,"abstract":"Microemulsion is a widely used technique for preparing nanoparticles. The droplet size in stable microemulsions is a key parameter for limiting the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles. In this paper, the stable microemulsions were synthesized by two titration methods, the water titration method and the co-surfactant titration. Six reagents with different HLB were used as surfactants, including Span-80, E-1302, EL-10, MOA-9, Triton X-114 and OP-10. Quasi ternary phase diagrams of O/W and W/O microemusions with different surfactants were established according to the composition of surfactant, co-surfactant, oil and water. The size of the microemulsions droplets was characterized by using Zetasizer Nano S90. Within the stable micromulsions region, the droplet size was systemically controlled from 1 nm to 120 nm by changing different surfactants and controlling the quality ratio of components. A complex dependence of the droplet size on the water to surfactant ratio and the co-surfactant to surfactant ratio was established. In the stable microemulsions region, the droplets size increases dramatically with increased the water to surfactant ratio and the larger droplet size is obtained with increasing the co-surfactant amount.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124007712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.15
M. Hossen, A. Khatton, Fa Dilruba
There are so many fibres, but not all of them are textile. Textile materials are generally soft, flexible, and capable of being transformed into desired shapes without resistance and durable over a reasonable period of wear. Jute –the Golden fibre of Bangladesh is used widely for various purposes. For the assessment of fibre quality of three types of jute fibre e.g. newly released jute variety-72, bleached fibre and variety O-9897 were considered for the analysis of physical properties (Reed jute fibre length, Brightness index, Whiteness index, Bundle strength and Fineness index) and chemical analysis (Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Ash content, Fat/Oil content, Oil content in jute seed, Pectin content and safonification value) under the present study.Some field level morphological information was taken as quality contributing characteristics. The study was conducted at the Chemistry Division, Textile Physics Division and Pilot Plant and Processing Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2017-2019. The assessment of physico-chemical properties of the variety O-72 was blue seeded with lower percentage of oil content than naturally brown seeded but saponification value was higher, Brightness (22.04%), fineness (36.26%) and bundle strength (06.20 lb/mg) index were very much comparable to bleached jute samples using 6% hydrogen peroxide. Cellulose content was 65.68% as well as lignin and hemicelluloses content were 13.95% and 17.94% respectively which were more prominent than O-9897 varieties of jute fibres.
{"title":"Identifying an Improved Jute Variety Preferring Physico-chemical Properties","authors":"M. Hossen, A. Khatton, Fa Dilruba","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.15","url":null,"abstract":"There are so many fibres, but not all of them are textile. Textile materials are generally soft, flexible, and capable of being transformed into desired shapes without resistance and durable over a reasonable period of wear. Jute –the Golden fibre of Bangladesh is used widely for various purposes. For the assessment of fibre quality of three types of jute fibre e.g. newly released jute variety-72, bleached fibre and variety O-9897 were considered for the analysis of physical properties (Reed jute fibre length, Brightness index, Whiteness index, Bundle strength and Fineness index) and chemical analysis (Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Ash content, Fat/Oil content, Oil content in jute seed, Pectin content and safonification value) under the present study.Some field level morphological information was taken as quality contributing characteristics. The study was conducted at the Chemistry Division, Textile Physics Division and Pilot Plant and Processing Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2017-2019. The assessment of physico-chemical properties of the variety O-72 was blue seeded with lower percentage of oil content than naturally brown seeded but saponification value was higher, Brightness (22.04%), fineness (36.26%) and bundle strength (06.20 lb/mg) index were very much comparable to bleached jute samples using 6% hydrogen peroxide. Cellulose content was 65.68% as well as lignin and hemicelluloses content were 13.95% and 17.94% respectively which were more prominent than O-9897 varieties of jute fibres.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114338297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.17
A. Sisay
Different researches showed that contamination of heavy metals in soil has become more and more serious, which affects Both soil fertility degradation and detrimental to human health through food chain causing adverse effects on human health. The concentration of metals beyond Maximum Permissible Level (MCL) leads to number of nervous, cardiovascular, renal, neurological impairment as well as bone diseases and several other health disorders and also computed the macronutrient in the human body. Due to these it needs more attention towards the contamination area using either prevention or minimizing methods of the source of contamination. Different researches mentioned different remediation techniques which involve phytoremediation, lime, phosphates, and different biochar materials. Remediation mechanisms basically consist of two fundamental principles. The first is to completely remove contaminations from polluted area and the second is to transform these pollutants to harmless forms. The application of Biochar in soil makes dual purpose which ameliorating soil fertility and remediated heavy metal due to the content of different physicochemical properties. So in this paper, including source of heavy metal, effect of heavy metal in human, plant growth and soil microorganism and remediation technique of contaminated soil, reaction of biochar in soil and application of biochar in soil quality were discussed. Therefore this is particular importance as it indicates the value of biochar as alternative remediation and amendments to ameliorate soil nutrient and acid soils for small-scale farmers who cannot afford to regularly purchase lime and mineral fertilizers as compared to phytoremediation techniques. But phytoremediation wide scope of area use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater.
{"title":"Contamination of Heavy Metals, Source, Effects on Leaving Things and Different Remediation Techniques in Soil: A Review","authors":"A. Sisay","doi":"10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJN.20190504.17","url":null,"abstract":"Different researches showed that contamination of heavy metals in soil has become more and more serious, which affects Both soil fertility degradation and detrimental to human health through food chain causing adverse effects on human health. The concentration of metals beyond Maximum Permissible Level (MCL) leads to number of nervous, cardiovascular, renal, neurological impairment as well as bone diseases and several other health disorders and also computed the macronutrient in the human body. Due to these it needs more attention towards the contamination area using either prevention or minimizing methods of the source of contamination. Different researches mentioned different remediation techniques which involve phytoremediation, lime, phosphates, and different biochar materials. Remediation mechanisms basically consist of two fundamental principles. The first is to completely remove contaminations from polluted area and the second is to transform these pollutants to harmless forms. The application of Biochar in soil makes dual purpose which ameliorating soil fertility and remediated heavy metal due to the content of different physicochemical properties. So in this paper, including source of heavy metal, effect of heavy metal in human, plant growth and soil microorganism and remediation technique of contaminated soil, reaction of biochar in soil and application of biochar in soil quality were discussed. Therefore this is particular importance as it indicates the value of biochar as alternative remediation and amendments to ameliorate soil nutrient and acid soils for small-scale farmers who cannot afford to regularly purchase lime and mineral fertilizers as compared to phytoremediation techniques. But phytoremediation wide scope of area use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater.","PeriodicalId":157692,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Nanosciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132035396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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