Introduction: Memory deficit is an important issue in some psychiatric diseases either as a primary symptom or as a comorbid symptom. Factors that determine the decline or improvement of memory are an important subject to reduce the severity of these diseases.
Methods and materials: In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: social (control), isolation, resocialization for 3 days, and resocialization for 7 days. Isolation occurred for 14 days. Resocialization groups were resocialized for 3 or 7 days after isolation. In the social group, there was no intervention with normal socializing among the rats. In the isolation group, rats were isolated with no resocialization. In all 4 groups, after performing the Y-maze, the rats' brains were removed to assess oxidative stress status in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Results: Y-maze performance improved after 3 and 7 days of resocialization. However, oxidative stress status for malondialdehyde, glutathione and nitrite/nitrate returned to normal levels except in 2 experiments after 7 days of resocialization. In addition, in 2 experiments, just glutathione in the prefrontal cortex and nitrite/nitrate in the hippocampus after 3 days of resocialization improved.
Conclusions: A return to normal levels in all types of antioxidant markers in the resocialization groups is not the only factor for improving memory deficits resulting from isolation. Resocialization may also be activating other regulatory mechanisms besides an antioxidant defense.
The neurobiological contributions to anorexia nervosa (AN) remain poorly understood, hindering the development of effective neurobiological treatments such as medications and brain stimulation. A large number of studies have been undertaken utilising neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to gain a better understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in the illness. However, the analyses undertaken by many studies have utilised a whole-brain analytical approach as much of this research has been exploratory in nature. This is, however, problematic as small brain regions that differ between groups may not have the statistical power to produce statistically significant results. This is highlighted in a recent study undertaken by our group utilising diffusion-weighted imaging. In this research, we identified widespread white matter microstructural differences in individuals with AN, but only showed differences in a small brain region (the superior colliculus) when a region-of-interest approach that was driven by behavioural findings was utilised. The importance of hypothesis-driven neuroimaging analyses is discussed in this article.
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